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Air Quality L1
Virendra Sethi
vsethi@iitb.ac.in
7809
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To Learn Today
Estimate pollutant concentration related to
exposure
You will be able to explain effects of
meteorology and the physics of dispersion
of pollutants in the atmosphere

What is Air Pollution ?

Perception
Visible
Odour

What is clean air ?

78% Nitrogen + 21% Oxygen + 1% Trace
340 ppm CO2 (0.034%)

340 ppm ? Which YEAR ?

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Lifecycles/Statistics
Capacity of the earth system as a sink
Feasibility (thermodynamics)
Proximity

Characteristic times
Kinetics
Sulphur, Carbon, Nitrogen, Halogen Containing
Compounds Cycles

Statistics
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Scales
Local > Regional > Global
Earth : Apple :: Atmosphere : Skin
Ambient : Indoor
Dispersion and Mixing
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CPCB
National Ambient Air Quality
Standards
(NAAQS)
1. Concentration

Class Exercise
Given : Regulatory Limit for SO2 in
Ambient Air is
80g/m3 (0.03 ppm) for annual average
1300 g/m3 (0.5 ppm) for 3 hour average

How many grams of Sulphur, if burnt in

this lecture Hall, would pose a health risk
to you ?
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 S + O2 = SO2
32 gm S gives 64 gm of SO2
X gm will give 2X gm
Mixed in how much volume ? Will lead to
exposure concentration

Actual Question then is

What is the volume of air in this Hall
(in m3 ) ?

Prizes to be Won
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Caution

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Results from Previous Year

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Results
RANGE
20 mg of Sulphur (panic buttons for no
reason)
8 kg of Sulphur (dead people with Karma to
blame)

Low Sulphur diesel YET ?

Ships affecting coastal cities ?
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How many grams of Sulphur, if

burnt in this lecture Hall, would
pose a health risk to you ?
What is the volume of this hall
in m3 ?
Write this estimate on the
attendance slip.

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Attendance
1. Name
2. Roll Number
3. Volume of this Hall is______m3

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Home Work 1 (Part A)

Please study the film :

An Inconvenient Truth
before
Thursday, March 5th

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Air Quality

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How do we manage Air Quality ?

At the source itself
Industry
Vehicles
Dust
Home cooking

After the source

Dispersion and Mixing
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Mixing/Dispersion
Meteorology
Vertical
Temperature
Lapse Rate

Horizontal
Wind
Speed
Direction

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Air Quality L2
Virendra Sethi
vsethi@iitb.ac.in
7809
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Dispersion Gaussian Plume

WIND

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Wind Rose

1 knot = 1.82 km/hr

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/ozone/areas/wind.htm#dlfi

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 Wind roses are divided into 16 wind

directions
Each wind direction is divided into wind
speeds
As the percent of time the wind blows
from a particular directions gets larger, the
portion of the bar representing the wind
speed gets larger both in length and width
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http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/edu/dees/ees/climate/slides/atmprofile.gif

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Lapse Rates
Atmosphere cools with height
What rate ?
Dry (Adiabatic)
Wet (Adiabatic)

10C/km
6C/km

(Release of heat with condensation)

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ADIABATIC (1C/100 m)
1100 m

ACTUAL

19 C Air
Parcel at 1100
m

1000 m (say)

20 C Air
Parcel

18 C

19 C

20 C

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ADIABATIC (1C/100 m)
1100 m

1000 m (say)

20 C Air
Parcel

900 m
21 C Air
Parcel at 1100
m

ACTUAL

20 C

21C

22 C

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1100 m

1000 m (say)

19 C Air
Parcel at 1100
m

20 C Air
Parcel

ADIABATIC (1C/100 m)

ACTUAL
19C

19.5 C

20 C

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Adiabatic
Actual

WIND

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Actual

Height

Scenarios

Adiabatic

Temperature

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Actual

Height

Scenarios

Adiabatic

Temperature

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Actual

Height

Scenarios

Adiabatic

Temperature

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Stability

Average

Wet Lapse
Rate

Stable

Dry Lapse Rate

Height
Unstable

Temperature
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http://www.tpub.com/content/aerographer/14312/css/14312_47.htm

Match the Profile

Unstable
Stable
Plumes

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(Adapted from Masters, 1997)

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Match the Profile

Unstable
Stable

Plumes

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(Adapted from Masters, 1997)

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Review
Dispersion and Mixing Influenced by :
Wind
Speed
Direction
Wind Rose

Temperature Lapse Rates

Dry adiabatic
Wet Adiabatic
Stability
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Why are we doing all of this ?

If you want to set up a new industry, it
implies adding a new source of pollutant(s)
This source is PERMITTED to emit after it has
applied the Best Available Control
Technology (BACT) on their processes
AFTER leaving the chimney, the
concentrations on ground is determined by
the meteorology

Why are we doing all of this ?

So,
If you want to know WHERE to put the new industry
If you want to know the pollution levels under the
worst case scenario of STABLE conditions and low
wind speeds
If you want to know what height does the chimney
need to be
QUANTIFICATION of horizontal movement and
vertical mixing becomes essential

Why are we doing all of this ?

Gaussian Plume (Dispersion) Model
(GPM) is used to estimate the Ground
Level Concentrations for pollutants
coming from a Chimney
INPUTS to GPM
Height of chimney and Source Strength
Wind Rose Data
Atmospheric Stability of the region

Example : Mumbai

Fun Exercise
Find the Wind Rose for
Mumbai
Your home city
Does IMD have a Met Station near your
City ?

Terrain Map of Chandrapur with 9 neighboring IMD stations

Gondia
Nagpur
Bhandara
Amravati

Wardha

Yavatmal
Gadchiroli
Washim
CSTPS

Adilabad

50 km

Chandrapur Region

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 Three IMD stations were selected to eliminate possible

influence of terrain on local scale wind patterns :
1. Nagpur
2. Gadchiroli
3. Yavatmal

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Location of CSTPS met station with the 3 selected IMD stations

Nagpur

Yavatmal
Gadchiroli

CSTPS

50 km

Chandrapur Region

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Wind conditions at 3 IMD Stations and CSTPS in Chandrapur

Nagpur

Simila
r
Simila
r

Similar
Yavatmal

CSTPS
Chandrapur

Simila
r Differen

Gadchiroli

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Conclusions

Wind conditions are similar at the three IMD locations.

CSTPS station by comparison is NOT similar.
Therefore, CSTPS Met data needs to be verified with
other Local Met Station Data
Ambuja Cement
Lloyd Metals

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Location of CSTPS met station with other two local met stations from Lloyd Metals
and Ambuja Cements

Nagpur

Yavatmal
Gadchiroli

Lloyd Metals

CSTPS

Ambuja
Cements
50 km

Chandrapur Region

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Wind condition at CSTPS for 2011, and M/s Lloyd Metals Ltd., M/s Ambuja Cements in
Chandrapur for 2013

CSTPS,2011

Lloyd Metals, 2013

Different

Ambuja Cements
2013

Simila
r

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For true comparison,

Met data are required
from
CSTPS and Lloyd Metals and Ambuja Cements
for the years
2011, 2012, 2013

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Home Work 1 (Part B)

Please study the film :

Global Warming Swindle

before
Monday, March 9th

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To Learn Today
You will be able to explain effects of meteorology
and the physics of dispersion of pollutants in the
atmosphere
You will be able to qualify particulate pollutants

Nature of Air Pollutants

Gaseous
Particulate Matter (PM)

Air Pollution

Concentration
mass of pollutant / volume of air
number of particles / volume of air
opacity

Duration hours to days to years

Criteria Pollutants
Primary (FIVE)

SOx
NOx
CO
PM-10
Particulate Lead

Secondary (ONE)
Ozone

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 How do you measure the mass

concentration of PM ?
m/Qt
t
m

Flow Meter
Polluted
Area/Spac
e

Filter
Cartridge

Vacuum
Pump

Not all Particles

are
Created Equal

Home Work 1 (Part B)

Please study the film :

Global Warming Swindle

before
Monday, March 9th

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