1.

Introduction:
A summary of Archaeological research in the Philippines between 1982 and
1992. It complements with the works of Evangelista (1969) on archaeology in
the Philippines to 1950 and Ronquillo (1985) on archaeological research I the
Philippines, 1951-1983.
2. Brief historical Background
Numerous accounts have been written concerning the development of
archaeology in the Philippines from the time of Alfred Marche in 1881
to the arrival of H Otley Beyer in 1905.
H. Otley Beyer was an American geologist who gained interested in
anthropological works.
Alfred Marche was a French naturalist and explorer.
Inductive Method.
Carl Guthe, from the University of Michigan, organized a survey of prehispanic material found in central Philippines (1921-1924).
1950s, Wilhelm G. Solheim II from the University of Arizona, primarily
worked on jar burial sites, and focusing on the distribution and
diffusion of an earthenware pottery tradition.
(a) He trained well-knowen SEA archaeologist, ( Karl Hutterer, Don
Bayard, Warren Peterson,and Chester Gorman.
1960s, Robert B. Fox, cultural anthropologist, organized archaeological
survey until the mid 70s.
a. His famous work, The Tabon Caves, covering the period
from the Paleolithic to protohistoric period.
Alfredo E. Evangelista, cultural anthropologist. Most prominent student
and assistant of Beyer, Solheim, and Fox.He retired as Director III of the
National Museum.
F. Landa Jocano, cultural anthropologist; he wrote a book, Philippine
Prehistory (1975), mainly from Palawan.
Jesus T. Peralta, cultural anthropologist, Chief of the Anthropology
Division.
Most of the works prior to the 80s was about:
Culture history
Cultural chronology
Typology of prehistoric material cultures,
Using the unilineal development stages of cultural
evolutionary theory
Karl L. Hutterer, student of Solheim, pursuing the idea of socioeconomic and political complexity in the prehistoric period.
William A. Longacre, anthropologist, conducted a ethnoarchaeological
studies in Kalinga in northern Luzon (1970s). 1980s, he conducted
research in Gubat, Sorsogon, Focusing on earthernware and pottery.
3. Professionalization in the field of Archaeology

Filipinos received scholarships for their studies. Two were sponsored by

the Ford Foundation in the University of Pennsylvania, and the other two
were sponsored by the fullbright-Hays Foundation (PAEF).
Notable scholars were Wilfredo P. Ronquillo, Florante Henson, and Eusebio
Z. Dizon. They played an important role in the development of the
archaeology division in the National Museum.
1992, the Philippine Civil Service Commission recognized the archaeology
as scientific career in government.
4. The Michigan School
The leader in Anthropological anchaeology type of research, primarily
on the problems of complexity and chiefdom.
Deductive Method.
Karl L. Hutterer trained a number of students and made a important
contributions on the development of archaeology in the Philippines.
I.
Maria Lorenza Dalupan- scholar (PAEF), working on the
development of Philippine complex society.
II.
Laura L. Junker- pursuing further archaeological research on the
development of complex societies.
III.
Masao Nishimura- conducted archaeological survey in Cebu on the
problem of complex society.