Solar Radiation

Solar Radiation
Energy produced and Radiated by the sun.
Suns Energy that reaches the earth
Energy is radiated by sun as Electromagnetic
waves having wavelength in the range 0.2 to 4
micrometer.

Types of radiation
Extra terrestrial radiation: Solar Radiation
Incident On Outer Atmosphere Of Earth.
Terrestrial radiation
Albedo

Solar Radiation
Solar Spectrum most
the energy received from
the sun is
electromagnetic
radiation in the form of
waves.

Electromagnetic
Spectrum is the range of
all types of
electromagnetic
radiation, based on
wavelength.

Types of Solar/terrestrial Radiations

Beam Radiation/ Direct Radiation
Diffuse/ Indirect Radiation
Insolation = Beam Radiation + Diffuse
Radiation

Why Diffuse Radiation

Absorption- Short wave UV rays are absorbed
by ozone in the atmosphere and long wave
infrared waves are absorbed by co2 and
moisture in the atmosphere
Scattering- Water vapours and Dust

Solar Constant
Rate at which solar energy arrives at the top of
earths atmosphere.
Amount of energy received in unit time on unit
area perpendicular to suns direction at mean
distance of earth from sun.
Its an average value
Standard value given by NASA
ISC =1.353 KW per square meter
= 116.5 langleys ( calories per sq. cm) per hour

Solar collector

Types of solar collectors

Continued

Classification of flat plate collectors

Construction of flat Plate collector

Construction of flat Plate collector

Cross-section View of Flat plate

collector

Flat plate collector

Liquid type FPC

Air type FPC

Properties of Glazing
Glass is transparent to incoming solar
radiations but opaque to infrared re-radiation
from absorber
Act as convection shield to reduce losses from
absorber

Concentrating collector

Continued

Continued

Methods for tracking suns direction

Types of concentrating collectors

Line focusing1) Parabolic trough collector/Cylindrical
parabolic concentrator
2) Mirror strip reflector
3) Fresnel lens collector- Linear, circular
Point focusing1) Paraboloidal Dish
2) Central Receiver Systems
3) Circular fresnel lens

Types of concentrating collectors

Continued

Central Receiver system

Central Receiver system

Principle of Conversion of Solar

Energy into HeatGreen House Effect

Applications of solar energy

Direct solar energy applications
Solar Water Heating
Space Heating
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Solar Distillation ( solar still)
Solar Pond
Solar Driers

Solar Water Heating System( SWHS)

GENERAL LAYOUT

Types of SWHS
Passive system ( no pumps): natural
circulation/convection
Active system ( pumps & controls): forced
circulation
I. Open loop: Water in the system is open to
the atmosphere at one point or other
II. Closed loop: Heat exchangers are installed to
protect the system from hard water.

Passive system

Active system ( open loop)

Active system ( closed loop)

Space heating
Passive heating systems:
I. Direct gain
II. Thermal storage wall/troumbe wall
III. Roof storage
IV. Convective loop
Active heating system

Direct Gain

Trombe Wall
Heat stored within
Concrete wall
Vents closed at
Night.
Wall radiates heat.

Continued

Convective Loop

Active SHS

Solar Distillation or Desalination of

Water

Solar Dryer

Space Cooling/ Refrigeration and

Air Conditioning

Solar Refrigeration System

Solar Operated Absorption AC

Solar Air Conditioning

Solar Pond