Anatomy and Physiology II - Blood Basics - (Week 3) Flashcards - Quizlet

10/11/2015
ANATOMYANDPHYSIOLOGYII"BLOODBASICS":(week3)flashcards|Quizlet
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II; "BLOOD

BASICS": (week 3)
65 terms by Yayagates
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3 General Functions of the Blood
Transportation - gases, nutrients,

wastes, and hormones.
Regulation - pH, fluid balance, and
body temperature
Protection- from disease and blood
loss
Blood facts
Connective Tissue
7-9% body weight
55% plasma
45% formed elements (blood cells)
Blood Plasma
colorless watery fluid of blood and

lymph.
91% water
8% Plasma Proteins
1% nutrients, electrolytes, hormones,
enzymes, gases, and other materials
that move through the blood
Plasma Proteins
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulin
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Albumin
important in capillary exchange
Fibrinogen
essential for blood clotting
Globulin
used to make antibodies called

immunoglobulins
Formed Elements of the Blood
Blood Cells
3 Types of Blood Cells
Erythrocytes : RED BLOOD CELLS

Leukocytes : WHITE BLOOD CELLS
Thrombocytes: PLATELETES
Hematopoiesis
stem cells produce all three types of

blood cells
Red Bone Marrow
where blood is produced in the human

body
Erythrocytes : RED BLOOD CELLS
transport of oxygen from lungs to body

tissues
120 day lifespan
Hemoglobin
molecule in the red blood cells that

bind with oxygen
Hemolysis by the Liver or Spleen
the process where old, worn out red

blood cells are removed by phagocytic
cells
Erythropoietin
the hormone secreted by the kidneys

in response to decreased blood
oxygen, that stimulates the production
of Red blood cells
White Blood Cells
protect the body by destroying

pathogens
remove foreign material and cellular
debris
3 Granulocyte White Blood Cells
60-70% Neutrophils
.5-1% Basophils
1-4% Eosinophils
60-70% Neutrophils - WBC
Phagocytosis -increased with Bacterial

Infections
.5-1% Basophils - WBC
secrete Histamine and Heparin
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1-4% Eosinophils -WBC
increased with Parasitic Infections
2 types of Agranulocyte White Blood

Cells
20-40% Lymphocytes
2-6%Monocytes
Lymphocytes
20-40% of WBC, found in lymphoid

tissue, small percentage circulates in
blood, key role in Specific Immunity
Monocytes
2-6% of WBC, Phagocytosis increases

with Viral and Chronic Infections
Neutrophils & Lymphocytes
Account for the Majority of White Blood

Cells
Neutrophils 60-70%
Lymphocytes 20-40%
Phagocytosis
process by White Blood Cells destroy

Pathogens and remove foreign
material and cellular debris.
Neutrophils & Monocytes
2 circulating WBC's engaged in

Phagocytosis
Macrophages
when monocytes enlarge and mature.

essential to the immune system and
found in the lymphoid tissues, lymph
nodes, tonsils and spleen
Platelets
smallest formed element. are not cells,

but fragments released from bone
marrow - essential in blood clotting
/coagulation
Megakaryocytes
Giant cells in bone marrow that release

platelets
HEmostasis
process which prevents blood loss conditions - Blood Vessel Spasm:

Formation of a Platelet Plug: Blood
Clotting
Blood Vessel Spasm
smooth muscles in the blood vessels

contract to reduce blood flow causing
vasoconstriction - reduction in the
blood vessels diameter
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Formation of a Platelet Plug
activated platelets become sticky and

adhere to the defect form a temporary
plug
Blood Clotting
coagulation
Agglutination
condition that cause clumping of red

blood cells and antibodies in plasma,
due to mismatched blood transfusions
Type 0 Blood
universal donor - contains neither A or

B antigens
Type AB Blood
universal recipient - contains no anti- A

or anti-B antibodies.
Anemia
a blood disorder where there is an

abnormally low left of red blood cells
or hemoglobin in the blood which
impairing the delivery of oxygen to the
tissues. weakness, fatigue,
lightheadedness, difficulty breathing,
cardiac palpitations and headache.
Leukemia
a cancer that infects the WHITE BLOOD

CELL Tissue. bone marrow or lymphoid
tissues. extreme increase in WBC that
are immature and ineffective which
severely depress the immune system.
WBC take over the RBC causing
anemia, and bleeding problems.
Myelogenic Leukemia
cancer of the bone marrow.
Lymphocytic Leukemia
cancer of the lymphoid tissues.
Clotting Disorders
conditions characterized by an
abnormal tendency to bleed because
of a breakdown in the body's clotting
mechanisms.
Thrombocytopenia
a decrease in the number of platelets

circulation in the blood. most common
blood disorder
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Hematocrit
Red Blood Cell count test expresses the

percentage of Red Blood Cells in a
volume of blood
below normal result = anemia
above normal result = polycythemia
White Blood Cell Counts
below normal result = Leukopenia

above normal result = Leukocytosis
Platelet Counts
below normal result =

Thrombocytopenia
above normal result = Thrombocytosis
Complete Blood Count - CBC
RBC : Red Blood Cell Count

Hct : Hematocrit
Hgb : Hemoglobin
WBC : White Blood Cell Count
Diff : Differential White Blood Cell
Count
Platelet Count
BUN Blood Urea Nitrogen
test to determine renal functions -
Urea
is formed in the Liver and is significant

nitrogenous waste product from the
catabolism of protein for energy
pH
is a unit of measurement that indicates

the number of hydrogen ions (H+) in a
solution.
pH Scale
0 to 10
7 = neutral
below 7 = acid (more H+)
above 7 = alkaline (less H+)
pH in Plasma
range from 7.35 to 7.45 average 7.4

less than 7.35 is acidosis
more than 7.45 alkalosis
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Regulation of acid-base pH
1st: Buffer systems, primarily

bicarbonate - regulate chemical
reactions by removing/adding H+
2nd: Respiration - a decreased in
respiration rate decreases pH by
retaining more CO2 an increase in
respiration increases pH by eliminating
more CO2
3rd: Kidneys regulate pH by
reabsorbing or excreting H+ as needed.
Vital Capacity Test
Pulmonary Function Test - PFTmeasures maximal inhalation and

exhalation. It is a measure of airflow
function of the lungs. It is used to
monitor the ling function of patients
with COPD
Urine Test
Specific Gravity measures urine

concentration Urine color Test - straw color to amber
Urine Odor - non-offensive
Urine pH - normal is 4.6-8 avrg 6
Turbidity - clear to slightly hazy
Sugar/Glucose - <0.5 mg/dl
Protein (Albumin) - 50-80 mg /24 hours
Ketone Bodies - Negative
Bacteria - Negative
Fecal Testing
Amount :100-200 g/day(3.5-7 ozday)

Consistency : Plastic
Form : Soft
Shape : Cylindrical with the same
diameter as the colon
Stool pH : Neutral to Slightly Alkaline
Stool Color : Brown
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Blood in Stool
-- 2-2.5ml of blood is normal to pass

into the GI tract/ 24 hours
--More than 2.8 ml indicates some type
of GI pathology
-- Excessive surface blood indicates
hemorrhoids or fissures
--Occult Blood (hidden) indicates
bleeding in the upper GI tract
Normally there is no mucus in the stool
Electrocardiography
ECG/EKG - produces electrocardiogram

which is a recording of the electrical
signals of the heart - diagnosis
problems with the heart
Echocardiography
produces an echocardiogram which is

a test utilizing ultrasound to give a real
time 3D view of the functioning of the
heart
Holter Monitor
portable EKG for 24 hour monitoring
Stress Test
EKG during progressively increasing

physical contact - determines the heart
function while under stress
Endoscope
device used to look within the body
Otoscope
used to examine the external ear
Bronchoscope
used to examine the lungs
Gastroscope
used to examine the interior of the

stomach
Laparoscope
used to examine the abdominal region
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10/11/2015

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II; "BLOOD

Like this study set? Create a free account to save it.

Create a free account

3 General Functions of the Blood

Transportation - gases, nutrients,

colorless watery fluid of blood and

important in capillary exchange

essential for blood clotting

used to make antibodies called

Formed Elements of the Blood

3 Types of Blood Cells

Erythrocytes : RED BLOOD CELLS

stem cells produce all three types of

Red Bone Marrow

where blood is produced in the human

Erythrocytes : RED BLOOD CELLS

transport of oxygen from lungs to body

molecule in the red blood cells that

Hemolysis by the Liver or Spleen

the process where old, worn out red

the hormone secreted by the kidneys

White Blood Cells

protect the body by destroying

3 Granulocyte White Blood Cells

60-70% Neutrophils - WBC

Phagocytosis -increased with Bacterial

.5-1% Basophils - WBC

secrete Histamine and Heparin

1-4% Eosinophils -WBC

increased with Parasitic Infections

2 types of Agranulocyte White Blood

20-40% of WBC, found in lymphoid

2-6% of WBC, Phagocytosis increases

Neutrophils & Lymphocytes

Account for the Majority of White Blood

process by White Blood Cells destroy

Neutrophils & Monocytes

2 circulating WBC's engaged in

when monocytes enlarge and mature.

smallest formed element. are not cells,

Giant cells in bone marrow that release

process which prevents blood loss conditions - Blood Vessel Spasm:

Blood Vessel Spasm

smooth muscles in the blood vessels

Formation of a Platelet Plug

activated platelets become sticky and

condition that cause clumping of red

universal donor - contains neither A or

universal recipient - contains no anti- A

a blood disorder where there is an

a cancer that infects the WHITE BLOOD

cancer of the bone marrow.

cancer of the lymphoid tissues.

a decrease in the number of platelets

Red Blood Cell count test expresses the

White Blood Cell Counts

below normal result = Leukopenia

below normal result =

Complete Blood Count - CBC

RBC : Red Blood Cell Count

BUN Blood Urea Nitrogen

test to determine renal functions -