ANSWER SCHEME BIO PAPER 2 PPT F5 2016

SECTION A (60 MARKS)

2 (a)
(i)
(a)
(i)

(b)
(i)

(c)(i)

Contractile vacuole

P1:
P2:
P3:
P4:
P5:
P6:
P7:

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pond water is hypotonic

water diffuse into X
by osmosis
X cannot/ fail to contract
X cannot expel excess water
Amoeba sp. will burst
Amoeba sp. will die

Any 3
Amoeba sp.
P1: TSA/ V is high
P2: does not involve any organ
P3: diffusion of oxygen and carbon
dioxide directly across plasma
membrane// direct exchange
P4: process involved is simple
diffusion

Multicellular organism
P1: TSA/V is low
P2: involve organ ex. lung
P3: diffusion of oxygen and carbon
dioxide involving blood capillaries
and alveoli
P4: process involve is breathing,
involving inhalation and exhalation/
breathing mechanism
*Accept explanation of respiratory system in fish/ frog/ grasshopper
Any 3
P1: location A has low light intensity compared to Location B
P2: Amoeba sp. response to adverse stimuli, which is high light intensity
P3: more Amoeba sp. live in dark/ low light intensity area

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Any 2
(c)
(ii)

(f)

3(a)
(i)
(a)
(ii)
(a)
(iii)

P1: the pH / temperature of the water will change

P2: lead to water pollution
P3: habitat/ river are unfavourable for growth of Amoeba sp.
P4: Amoeba sp. will die
P5: Amoeba sp. population decrease
Any 3
The transport vesicle P which carries proteins and lipids from ER fuses with
the membranes of GA and empties its contents into the space between the
membranes.
The enzymes in the GA modify these proteins and lipids.
The GA then package these products into Q which are pinched off then fuse
with Y before their content are released outside the cell.
P: simple diffusion
Q: facilitated diffusion
Q: sodium/ potassium ions/ any suitable example
R: glucose/ amino acid/ any suitable answer
Process at Q
Process at R
similarities
P1: Both process involving the structural protein/ carrier protein/ channel

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(b)

(c)

4(a)
(b)
(i)
(b)
(ii)

(c)

(d)

protein
P2: Both process involving the movement of substances
differences
P3: molecule move follow the
Ion move against concentration
concentration gradient
gradient
P4: do not need energy/ ATP
Need energy ATP
P5: the process continue until
The process end with the
equilibrium achieve
accumulation or secretion of
particles
Any 3

P1:
P2:
P3:
P4:
P5:

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cyanide stops aerobic respiration

glucose cannot be oxidized
No ATP/ energy is produced
since active transport needs ATP/ energy
the intake of potassium ion/ substances by active transport also stopped

Any 3
P1: Concentrated salt solution is hypertonic to the squid cells// squid cell is
hypotonic to the concentrated of salt solution
P2: water diffuse out of the cell into the solution by osmosis
P3: Microorganism cannot live/ breed/ dehydrated in the squid, thus food is
preserved
Any 2
P: Quarternary structure ex. Hemoglobin
Q: secondary structure ex. Hair protein (keratin), silk
K: Hydrolysis
L: Condensation
F1: chain Y is polypeptide chain/ protein
P1: two molecules of amino acids is linked together by peptide bond
P2: through condensation/ L form dipeptide/ X ( in water)
P3: condensation, L then combined with amino acids ( form polypeptide chain/
Y and water)//condensation/ L then combined dipeptides (forming
polypeptide/ Y and water)
P4: Dipeptide/ X can be breakdown to amino acids through hydrolysis/
K//polypeptide, Y can be breakdown to dipeptide through hydrolysis/ K
Any 3
P1: Triglyceride is formed through condensation
P2: (from) one molecule of glycerol and three molecule of fatty acids
P3: produced water molecule
P4: Triglyceride can be broken down through hydrolysis
P5: (to) one molecule of glycerol and three molecule of fatty acids
P6: need water molecule
Any 3
For P2 and P5 accept once
Cooking oil

butter
similarities
S1: both consist of one molecule of glycerol that combine with three fatty
acid molecules// both are triglyceride

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1(a)
(i)

(a)
(ii)

(b)
(i)
(b)
(ii)

(i)
(ii)

5(a)
(b)
(c)(i)
(ii)
(d)
(i)
(ii)
(e)
(f)
(g)

differences
D1: unsaturated fat
Saturated fat
D2: contains unsaturated fatty acids Contains saturated fatty acids
D3: contains at least one double
Not contain double bond between
bond between carbon atom
carbon atom
D4: liquid form at room temperature Solid form at room temperature
D5: Low boiling point
High boiling point
D6: low cholesterol
High cholesterol
P: mitochondria
Q: Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
R: Golgi apparatus
S: chloroplast
P, S, R, Q

F1: digestion of starch is not complete

P1: because no enzyme/ pancreatic amylase
F2: digestion of protein is not complete/ polypeptide does not occur
P2: because no enzyme trypsin secrete
F3: digestion of lipids is not complete
P3: because no enzyme lipase secrete

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Any F and P max 2

Specialization/ differentiation
P1: xylem vessel is hollow/ narrow
P2: continuous tube/ join end to end
P3: tough/ strong
P4: thickened by lignin
P5: impermeable to water

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Any 2
The nucleus control all the activities of the cell
The nucleolus synthesis ribonucleic acid (RNA) which is needed for making
ribosomes.
46
23
The somatic cells
Ovary/ testis
1. produces new cells to replace dead and damaged cells
2. increases the number of cells as the organism grows
Produces male and female gametes
Mitosis
Aspect
meiosis
One
The no. of nuclear
two
division
Two
The no of daughter cell
four
Genetically identical to
The genetic content of
Different from the

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1/=
0m
2-3 /=
1m
4 /=2m

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the parent cell and to

each other

the daughter cell

parent cell and from

one another

SECTION B (40 MARKS)

6(a)

P1:
P2:
P3:
P4:
P5:
P6:
P7:

Maltose is the substrate, maltase is the enzyme

Substrate represent key and enzyme represent the lock
the reaction of enzyme is specific
Enzyme has the active site that fit the shape of the substrate
catalyse the hydrolysis of maltose to glucose
Enzyme is not destroyed after reaction
needed in small quantity

(b)

P
P1: Nucleus store genetic materials known as DNA.
P2: The genetic materials for synthesize of enzyme in DNA is transferred to
RNA in genetic code
Q
P1: Mitochondia produce energy during cell respiration.
P2: then mRNA combined to ribosome
P3: Protein that is synthesized at the ribosome is transported to the spaces in
Rough ER.
P4: protein is packaged in transport vesicle and transferred out of RER.
R
P1: Transport vesicle bind to membrane of R.
P2: Protein will be modify during the transportation at R.
S
P1: secretory vesicle that contain the modified protein will move out of
membrane R and to the plasma membrane.
P2: the vesicle will bind to the plasma membrane before it is secreted outside
of the cell as extracellular enzyme.
Industry
Dairy product
Baking industry
Brewing

Enzyme
Lipase
Rennin
Amylase
Amylase
Zymase

Uses
Ripening of cheese
Coagulate milk protein
breakdown starch to sugars
Breakdown starch to glucose for
fermentation by yeast
Convert starch and sugar into alcohol,
wine and beer

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7(a)

(b)

(c)

Fishing
Meat
Extraction of
agar

Protease
Trypsin
Cellulose

Leather

Protease

Medical
Detergent

Trypsin
Amylase
Protease
Lipase

Remove the skin of fish

To digest and tenderize meat
Breakdown the walls of plant cell from
seaweed so that agar can be easily
extracted
Remove fur and soften leather to make
leather products
Remove blood clots and clean wounds
Remove starch, protein, blood and oily
stains

Solution X
F: cell become flaccid// cell plasmolyzed//the cytoplasm and the vacuole will
shrink//the cell membrane pull away from the cell wall
E2: water molecules diffuse out of the cell by osmosis
E2: due to solution X is hypertonic to the cell sap
F and 1E
Solution Y
F: plasmolysed/ flaccid cell becomes fully turgid again//the cell is said to have
undergone deplasmolysis
E1: water molecules diffuse into the cell by osmosis
E2: due to solution Y is hypotonic to the cell sap (of the plasmolysed cell)
F and 1E
P1: vegetables/ cabbage/ chilies are immersed in vinegar which is has a low
pH/ acidic
P2: vinegar diffuses into the tissues of the vegetables/ cabbage/ chilies
P3: by simple diffusion
P4: the tissue of vegetables/ cabbage/ chilies becomes acidic
P5: the low pH/ acidic medium prevent bacterial growth in the tissue/
vegetable/ cabbage/ chilies
P6: this prevent decay of the vegetables/ cabbage/ chilies
P7: the vegetables/ cabbage/ chilies can be preserved to last longer

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max 4
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Max 6
Solution P
F1: red blood cell become haemolysed// haemolysis
E1: solution P is hypotonic compared to the red blood cell
E2: water molecule diffuse into the red blood cell
E3: by osmosis
E4: red blood cell expand and burst

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Solution R
F2: red blood cell is in normal shape
E3: solution R is isotonic to the red blood cell
E4: water molecules diffuse into and out of the red blood cell at the same rate
E5: by osmosis

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Solution U
F3: red blood cell have undergone crenation
E6: solution U is hypertonic compared to the red blood cell
E7: water molecules diffuse out from the red blood cell
E8: by osmosis
E9: red blood cell crenate/ shrink/ shrivel// plasma membrane crinkles up
8(a)
(i)

(a)
(ii)

(iii)

P1: A clone is an organism that is genetically identical to its parent. It is

produced by mitotic division or through asexual reproduction
P2: Cloning is the process of making genetically identical copies of an original
plant or animal
P1: A somatic cell from sheep A is used for producing an organism which is
genetically identical to sheep A
P2: the transfer of the nucleus (genetic information) of a somatic cell of sheep
A to an unfertilized egg cell of sheep B (from which the nucleus has been
removed)
P3: the two combined cells are given an electric shock to fuse them and
stimulate division and development
P4: when the embryo is sufficiently developed, it is planted into the uterus of
a female host, sheep C, which acts as the surrogate mother
P5: the rest of the development of the embryo happens just like that of a
normal organism
P6: when the clone is born, it comes out to be genetically identical to sheep A
Any 2
Advantages:
P1: the good traits of selected plants and animals can be maintained in clones
P2: ensures the continuity of heredity traits from the parent to the clones
Disadvantages:
- Clones have the same resistance to disease and pest
- All the clones will be infected and die even if only one clone if infected
by a disease or attack by pest
- Extinction of the species
- Cloning reduce genetic variation
- Limit biodiversity
- Prevent natural selection

(b)
(i)

(ii)

- If a cell divide out of control by mitosis, this cell will divide very fast to
produce a lot of cells and form a tumour.
- if a tumour is located at its original place and does not invade other tissues
then the tumour is benign
- if the cell invade other tissues and destroy them then the tumour is
malignant
- a malignant tumour is known as cancer
-

Genetic- some form of cancer prostate/ breast and ovary cancer are
suspected to be inherited from parents
Carcinogens- asbestos, benzene,and cigarette smoke
Radiation ultraviolet rays and X rays
Age- some are found in young people- leukaemia while some ex. Colon
cancer mostly in adult

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9(a)
(i)

P1: The blood may contains high cholesterol level/

P2: blood may contains high glucose level
P3: Leads to high blood pressure
P4: hypertension (in adulthood)
P5: High possibility to suffer from diabetes (in adulthood)
P6: Have low self-esteem
P7: inactive lifestyle
P8: (due to) negative body image
P9: leads to depression
P10: high risk of getting cardiovascular disease/ heart attack/ angina
P11: earlier death (in adulthood)

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Any 10
(a)
(II)

P1: practice healthy eating habits

P2: reduce high sugar food
P3: reduce lipid level food// any suitable example of P1
P4: awareness
P5: education on the consequences of obesity
P6: campaign of ideal BMI among students//any suitable example of P3
P7: exercise regularly jogging/ jumping rope/ swimming// any other suitable
example of P5
P8: increase outdoor activities
P9: avoid watching TV too long
P10: screening time for too long//any other suitable example

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