Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Contents
NUMBERS & ALPHABET .................................................................................................................. 3
NICE TO MEET YOU......................................................................................................................... 4
ENGLISH GREETINGS, INTRODUCTIONS AND FAREWELLS ................................................................. 4
Naturally Speaking................................................................................................................................................... 4
Everyday Greetings .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Meeting .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Parting ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6
BASIC GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY .................................................................................................. 7
Colori ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Animali ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Il corpo umano ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
TIMES AND DATES (A1) ................................................................................................................. 11
What time is it? - Che ora sono?............................................................................................................................ 11
Dates (la data) ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
A1 CONVERSATION - FAMILY AND FRIENDS ................................................................................... 12
Family members ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
The in-laws - I parenti acquisiti .............................................................................................................................. 14
GENITIVO SASSONE ................................................................................................................................................ 14
FRASI DI USO COMUNE USEFUL COMMON PHRASES ................................................................... 15
Making yourself understood Farsi capire ............................................................................................................ 15
Other basic phrases Altre frasi di base ................................................................................................................ 16
STARTER GRAMMAR .................................................................................................................... 17
ARTICLES A , AN & THE ........................................................................................................................................... 17
PLURALS - IL PLURALE DEI SOSTANTIVI .................................................................................................................. 18
SOSTANTIVI ............................................................................................................................................................ 19
NOMI COMPOSTI.................................................................................................................................................... 19
PRONOMI E AGGETTIVI PRONOUNS & ADJECTIVES ..................................................................... 20
PRONOMI PERSONALI PERSONAL PRONOUNS ................................................................................................... 20
AGGETTIVI E PRONOMI POSSESSIVI ....................................................................................................................... 20
AGGETTIVI E PRONOMI DIMOSTRATIVI ................................................................................................................. 21
AGGETTIVI QUALIFICATIVI..................................................................................................................................... 21
VERB TO BE - ESSERE .................................................................................................................... 22
To be - SimplePresent .............................................................................................................................................. 22
1
GRAMMATICA
ESSENZIALE
NUMBERS & ALPHABET
PRONUNCIA
GUIDATA
zero (nought)
ziiru (noot)
one
wan
two
tuu
three
thrii
four
foo
five
faiv
six
six
seven
sevn
eight
eit
nine
nain
10
ten
ten
11
eleven
ilevn
12
twelve
twelv
13
thirteen
thtiin
14
fourteen
footiin
15
fifteen
fiftiin
16
sixteen
sixtiin
17
seventeen
sevntiin
18
eighteen
eitiin
19
nineteen
naintiin
20
twenty
twenti
21
twentyone
twenti wan
30
thirty
thti
40 forty
footi
50 fifty
fifti
60 sixty
sixti
70 seventy
sevnti
80 eighty
eiti
90 ninety
nainti
Naturally Speaking
Mrs Breuer:Not too bad. Mr Bean, this is my husband Michael, Michael this is Mr Bean my English teacher.
Mr Breuer: Pleased to meet you.
Mr Bean:
Mr Breuer: Yes, East Germany, from Dresden. And you, are you from London?
Mr Bean:
Yes, goodbye.
Everyday Greetings
"Good morning"
"Good afternoon"
"Good evening"
"Goodbye"
"Good night"
"Good night"
Meeting
"Hello" or "Hi" are more informal but can be used at any time.
Question
Emotion
Response
Great thanks.
Parting
When leaving, you say "Goodbye".
"Bye" is more informal.
When leaving at night, you say "Goodnight".
When going to bed you say "Goodnight."
di che colore ?
white
bianco
yellow
giallo
orange
arancione
pink
rosa
red
rosso
brown
marrone
green
verde
blue
blu
purple
viola, porpora
grey, gray
grigio
black
nero
Animali
dog
cane
cat
gatto
rabbit
coniglio
hamster
criceto
goldfish
pesce rosso
cow
mucca
pecora
pig
maiale
horse
cavallo
chicken
pollo
fox
volpe
deer
cervo
mouse
topo
rat
ratto
frog
rana
snake
serpente
lion
leone
tiger
tigre
monkey
scimmia
elephant
elefante
giraffe
giraffa
bear
orso
Il corpo umano
head
testa
hair
capelli, peli
eye
occhio
eyebrow
sopracciglio
nose
naso
cheek
guancia
mouth
jaw
mascella
dente
lip
labbro
moustache
baffo
beard
barba
chin
mento
ear
orecchio
tongue
lingua
neck
collo
throat
gola
shoulder
spalla
arm
braccio
elbow
gomito
hand
mano
finger
dito
thumb
pollice
wrist
polso
skin
pelle
9
bone
osso
muscle
muscolo
chest
torace
breast
seno
nipple
capezzolo
back
schiena
spine
spina dorsale
waist
giro vita
stomach
stomaco
ombelico
hip
anca
thigh
coscia
leg
gamba
calf
polpaccio
knee
ginocchio
ankle
Caviglia
piede
toe
big toe
sedere
10
3.00 = three am
15.00 = three pm
2. Si dicono prima i minuti, poi si usano le preposizioni past o to e poi si dice l'ora
2a. Per indicare i minuti fino alla mezza (da 1 a 30) si usa la preposizione past
MINUTI
+ PAST + ORA
7.20
4.22
11.15
11.15
1.30
1.30
=
=
=
=
=
=
N.B. Con i numeri non divisibili per 5 e con 15, 30 e 45 si usa la parola minutes. 15 minuti e 30 minuti corrispondenti
in italiano rispettivamente a un quarto e mezza sono detti in inglese anche (a) quarter e half
2b. Per indicare i minuti dopo la mezza (da 31 a 59) si indicano i minuti mancanti all'ora successiva e
si usa la preposizione to seguita dall'ora successiva
minuti mancanti all'ora successiva + to + ora successiva
10.50 = ten to eleven
4.45 = a quarter to five
"Sono le..." si traduce in inglese con It's (It is)
Le ore sono indicate con i numeri cardinali da 1 a 12, non da 1 a 24 (ad eccezione degli orari dei treni, aerei,
ecc)
Davanti all'ora si usa la preposizione at senza l'articolo
Davanti alle parti del giorno (morning afternoon evening) si usa la preposizione in ad eccezione di at
night
Per indicare l'ora piena si usa o'clock. Mezzanotte si dice midnight, mentre mezzogiorno si dice midday
11
6th December 1905 si legge the sixth of December nineteen hundred and five
ATTENZIONE: l'anno 2000 si legge two thousand, il 2001 two thousand and one e cos via.
MONTHS (mesi)
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
padre
madre
son
figlio
daughter
figlia
Parent
genitore
12
figlio, figlia
husband
marito
wife
moglie
brother
fratello
sister
sorella
uncle
zio
aunt
zia
nephew
niece
grandmother (granny,grandma)
nonna
grandfather (granddad,grandpa)
nonno
grandparents
nonni
grandson
granddaughter
grandchild (plural:grandchildren)
cousin
cugino, cugina
boyfriend
ragazzo (fidanzato)
girlfriend
ragazza (fidanzata)
partner
fianc
fidanzato (ufficialmente)
fiance
fidanzata (ufficialmente)
13
suocera
father-in-law
suocero
son-in-law
genero
daughter-in-law
nuora
sister-in-law
cognata
brother-in-law
cognato
GENITIVO SASSONE
Il genitivo sassone o possessive case si usa per indicare lidea del possesso.
Di regola, il possessore deve essere persona o essere animanto. La regola :
possessore + s + cosa o persona posseduta
es.
My mothers car
Bobs bike
14
yes
no
no
forse
please
per favore
thanks
grazie
thank you
grazie
grazie tante
molte grazie
you're welcome
prego
don't mention it
figurati, si figuri
not at all
di niente
15
I understand
capisco, ho capito
I don't understand
non capisco
lo so
I don't know
non lo so
16
STARTER GRAMMAR
ARTICLES A , AN & THE
The definite article THE - Articolo determinativo
Larticolo determinativo :
THE
SI USA
Davanti a un sostantivo che lo specifica
Davanti a sostantivi che indicano realt uniche:
Davanti a un aggettivo che rappresenta una categoria:
Davanti a nomi di mari, fiumi,gruppi di isole, catene
di montagne, deserti, nomi plurali di nazioni:
NON SI USA
Davanti a aggettivi e pronomi possessivi:
Davanti a nomi in senso generale:
Davanti a nomi preceduti da titoli:
Davanti a nomi di stagioni, anni e giorni:
Davanti a nomi di pasti:
Davanti a nomi singolari di paesi, continenti, citt,
isole e montagne:
Davanti ad alcune espressioni con:
home, work, school, church, bed, hospital
Ha due forme:
A
si usa con i vocaboli che iniziano per consonante
o per vocale il cui suono (ju):
A pencil.
AN
Si usa con I nomi che iniziano per vocale o h muta:
SI USA:
Davanti a nomi numerabili
Davanti a nomi di nazionalit, professioni e religioni:
Davanti a espressioni di tempo,prezzo,velocit:
Davanti a nomi propri per dire un tale, un certo:
17
A useful book.
cane
dogs
cani
PARTICOLARITA ed ECCEZIONI
- I nomi che al singolare terminano in s, ss, sh, ch, x, z, o : prendono es
watch orologio
orologi
watches
box
scatola
boxes
scatole
- I nomi che terminano in y preceduta da vocale ottengono s:
boy
I nomi che terminano in y preceduta da consonante trasformano la y in ie+s: party
boys
parties
shelves
18
shelf
SOSTANTIVI
I sostantivi in inglese sono di tre generi:
Sono spesso femminili i nomi di navi, i nomi di automobili o altri mezzi in relazione a chi li guida e i
nomi di paesi considerati politicamente.
La maggior parte dei nomi ha una sola forma per il maschile e femminile:
cousin ( cugino/cugina)
cook (cuoco/cuoca)
Alcuni nomi hanno due forme diverse: nephew
Count
Hero
(nipote
maschio)
(conte)
(eroe)
niece
countess
heroine
(nipote
femmina)
(contessa)
(eroina)
NOMI COMPOSTI
Con due sostantivi di cui il primo specifica il secondo e assume tutte le caratteristiche dellaggettivo.
The morning paper
A gold ring
19
1 sing.
2 sing.
3 sing. masch.
femm.
neutro
1 plu.
2 plu.
3 plu.
COMPLEMENTO - OBJECT
Io
tu
egli
ella
esso/essa
noi
voi
essi/esse
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
me,mi
te,ti
lui, gli, lo
lei, le, la
lo, gli, la, le
noi, ci
voi, vi
loro, li, le
1 pers.sing.
2 pers.sing.
3 per.sing.masch.
femm.
neutro
1 pers.plurale
2 pers.plurale
3 pers.plurale
AGGETTIVI
PRONOMI
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
mine
yours
his
hers
Laggettivo possessivo
- invariabile -
ours
yours
theirs
alla terza persona singolare si concorda con il possessore e non con la cosa posseduta
si usa davanti alle parti del corpo, ai capi di vestiario e ai nomi di parenti
con own rafforza lidea di possesso
Il pronome possessivo
- sostituisce il nome
- rifiuta larticolo
- alla terza persona singolare si concorda con il nome del possessore
- il pronome possessivo preceduto da of sostituisce laggettivo possessivo
questo, questa
THAT
THESE
questi, queste
THOSE
quei,quegli,quelli,quelle
esempio:
AGGETTIVI QUALIFICATIVI
Sono invariabili per genere e per numero.
A nice boy
Nice girls
A nice house
21
VERB TO BE - ESSERE
Forma AFFERMATIVA:
Forma NEGATIVA:
American?)
Forma INTERROGATIVA-NEGATIVA: forma contratta di BE/ NOT+ soggetto + complemento
(Es: Isnt Mark American?).
To be - SimplePresent
Forma
per
esteso
Forma
contratta
AFFERMATIVA
NEGATIVA
INTERROGATIVA
INTERROGATIVO-NEGATIVA
I am
I am not
Am I ?
Am I not?
You are
Are you?
He is
He is not
Is he?
Is he not?
She is
She is not
Is she?
Is she not?
It is
It is not
Is it?
Is it not?
We are
We are not
Are we?
Are we not?
You are
Are you?
They are
Are they?
Im
Youre
Im not
Hes
Shes
Arent I?
Arent you?
Youre not
You arent
Isnt he?
Isnt she?
Hes not
He isnt
Isnt it?
Its
Shes not
She isnt
Were
Youre
Theyre
Its not
It isnt
Were not
We arent
Arent we?
Arent you?
Youre not
You arent
Arent they?
Theyre not
They arent
Attenzione! La forma estesa viene usata prevalentemente nella lingua scritta. La forma
22
ESEMPIO
forma base
I sing
You
forma base
You sing
He
forma base + s
He sings
She
forma base + s
She sings
It
forma base + s
It sings
We
forma base
We sing
You
forma base
You sing
They
forma base
They sing
In altre parole solo la 3 PERSONA SINGOLARE (he, she, it) aggiunge la s alla forma
base.
Con la maggior parte dei verbi, la 3a persona singolare si forma semplicemente
aggiungendo -s. Per alcuni verbi necessario aggiungere -es. Ecco le regole:
VERBI CHE TERMINANO
IN...
COME FARE LA 3a
PERSONA SINGOLARE
ESEMPI
aggiungere -es
He kisses
sh
aggiungere -es
She wishes
ch
aggiungere -es
He watches
aggiungere -es
She mixes
aggiungere -es
She buzzes
aggiungere -es
He goes
consonante + y
cambiare la y in i e aggiungere es
It flies
23
Come potete osservare, solo i pronomi di 3a persona singolare (he, she, it) sono seguiti
da doesn't, per tutti gli altri si usa don't.
SOGGETTO
ESEMPIO
Do
Do I work?
Do
you
Do you work?
Does
he
Does he work?
Does
she
Does
it
Does it work?
Do
we
Do we work?
Do
you
Do you work?
Do
they
Do they work?
24
Forma INTERROGATIVA: TO HAVE + soggetto + GOT + complemento (Es: Has Mark got a car?)
Forma INTERRO-NEGATIVA: forma contratta di TO HAVE e NOT+ soggetto + GOT + complemento
(Es: Hasnt Mark got a car?).
SimplePresent
Forma per
esteso
Forma
contratta
AFFERMATIVA
NEGATIVA
INTERROGATIVA
I have (got)
Have I got ?
He has (got)
Has he got ?
It has (got)
Has it got ?
We have (got)
Have we got ?
Ive (got)
I havent got
Youve (got)
Hes (got)
He hasnt got
Shes (got)
Its (got)
It hasnt got
Weve (got)
We havent got
Youve (got)
Theyve (got)
25
VERBO ESSERE
am
working
You
are
working
He
is
working
She
is
working
It
is
working
We
are
working
You
are
working
They
are
working
1 vocale + 1 consonante
raddoppiare la consonante e
aggiungere -ing
1 vocale + 1 consonante + e
ESEMPI
swim - swimming
get - getting
come - coming
live - living
go - going
aggiungere -ing
say - saying
26
FRASE NEGATIVA
NEGATIVE CONTRATTE
I am working
I am not working
He is working
He is not working
He isn't working
She is working
It is working
It is not working
It isn't working
We are working
We aren't working
Am
Are
Is
Are
Are
Are
Are
I
you
he / she / it
we
you
they
we
working?
working?
working?
working?
working?
working?
working?
27
was
had
did
You
were
had
did
He / She / It
was
had
did
We
were
had
did
You
were
had
did
They
were
had
did
ESEMPI
cut - cut
hit - hit
fit - fit
28
cost - cost
bring - brought
TO BE - SIMPLE PAST A1
AFFERMATIVA NEGATIVA
Forma per
esteso
I was
I was not
You were
You were
not
He was
She was
It was
Were you?
Was he?
Was he not?
Was she?
Was it?
Was it not?
We were
We were not
Were we?
Were we not?
You were
You were
not
Were you?
Were they?
They were
Forma
contratta
He was not
INTERROGATIVA INTERROGATIVONEGATIVA
Was I ?
Was I not?
They were
not
I wasnt
Wasnt I?
You werent
Werent you?
He wasnt
Wasnt he?
She wasnt
Wasnt she?
It wasnt
We werent
Wasnt it?
Werent we?
You werent
Werent you?
They werent
Werent they?
29
AFFERMATIVA
NEGATIVA
INTERROGATIVA
I had
I didn't have
Did I have?
You had
He had
He didn't have
Did he have ?
She had
It had
It didn't have
Did it have ?
We had
We didn't have
Did we have ?
You had
They had
30
FORMA NEGATIVA
Le negative del Simple Past sono formate aggiungendo didn't (informale) o did not
(formale) davanti alla forma base del verbo. Il verbo essere fa eccezione, infatti
necessario aggiungere n't (informale) o not (formale) dopo was o were.
FRASE AFFERMATIVA
NEGATIVA INFORMALE
NEGATIVA FORMALE
I had a car
31
chi?
Whose =
Aggettivo e pronome
What =
Aggettivo e pronome
Which =
quale? Quali?
Aggettivo e pronome
Es.
Soggetto
I
Affermativa
I am going to leave.
I'm going to leave.
Domanda
Am I going to leave?
Negativa
I am not going to leave.
I'm not going to leave.
inglese ci sono molti modi per esprimere il tempo futuro. Uno dei pi comuni usare will (e talvolta
shall: nelle forme interrogative con i pronomi I e WE). Nota anche che will viene spesso abbreviato in
'll.
Soggetto
Frase affermativa
Domanda
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
33
Four ways to talk about the future Quattro modi di parlare la future
(A1/A2)
In English, there are many ways of talking about events in the future. Many students find it difficult
to decide which form to use in a particular situation. This page explains the differences between
four main forms which we use when talking about future time.
Basic meanings of the four forms
Most students know that "will" and "going to" are used to talk about future time in English.
However, we also use the present progressive ("be" + ING) and the present simple tense. Here are
the basic rules:
Form
Meaning / Usage
Example
"Will"
Esprime la volont di compiere un atto, decidendo di compierlo nellattimo in cui
viene espresso
"Going to"
Quando di parla di cose sulle quali si ha gi decision
Angelo: Have you registered for the class yet?
Sarah: Not yet. I'm going to register tomorrow
Present Continuous
Parlare di qualcosa che gi stato definito.
Angelo: Do you want to go to the movies tonight?
Sarah: Sorry, I can't. I'm playing soccer.
Present simple
Riferito a tabelle orarie o programmi.
Angelo: What time does the next bus leave? Sarah: It leaves at six.
34
GLOSSARIO
E' importante poter riconoscere e identificare le diverse parti del discorso in Inglese cos da poter
comprendere le spiegazioni grammaticali e usare la forma giusta della parola nel posto giusto. Ecco
una breve spiegazione di quello che sono le parti del discorso.
SOSTANTIVO (noun)
VERBO (verb)
AGGETTIVO (adjective)
AVVERBIO (adverb)
PRONOME (pronoun)
CONGIUNZIONE
(conjunction)
PREPOSIZIONE
(preposition)
35
APPENDIX - APPENDICI
VERBI IRREGOLARI COMUNI(A1)
Forma base
Simple Past
Participio Passato
In italiano
arise
arose
arisen
sorgere
awake
awoke/awaked
awoken/awaked
svegliare
be
was/were
been
essere
bear
bore
borne (portato)
portare
born (nato)
beat
beat
beaten
battere
become
became
become
diventare
begin
began
begun
cominciare
bend
bent
bent
piegare
bet
betted/bet
betted/bet
scommettere
bid
bid
bid
offrire (prezzo)
bind
bound
bound
legare (insieme)
bite
bit
bitten
mordere
bleed
bled
bled
sanguinare
blow
blew
blown
soffiare
break
broke
broken
rompere
breed
bred
bred
allevare, riprodursi
bring
brought
brought
portare
broadcast
broadcast
broadcast
trasmettere
build
built
built
costruire
burn
burned/burnt
burned/burnt
bruciare
burst
burst
burst
scoppiare
buy
bought
bought
comperare
can
could
===
potere
cast
cast
cast
lanciare
catch
caught
caught
afferrare
choose
chose
chosen
scegliere
cling
clung
clung
aggrapparsi
come
came
come
venire
cost
cost
cost
costare
creep
crept
crept
avanzare furtivamente
cut
cut
cut
tagliare
deal
dealt
dealt
trattare
dig
dug
dug
scavare
do
did
done
fare
36
draw
drew
drawn
disegnare, tirare
dream
dreamed/dreamt
dreamed/dreamt
sognare
drink
drank
drunk
bere
drive
drove
driven
guidare
dwell
dwelled/dwelt
dwelled/dwelt
dimorare
eat
ate
eaten
mangiare
fall
fell
fallen
cadere
feed
fed
fed
nutrire
feel
felt
felt
sentire, provare
fight
fought
fought
combattere
find
found
found
trovare
flee
fled
fled
fuggire
fling
flung
flung
gettare
fly
flew
flown
volare
forbid
forbade
forbidden
proibire
forget
forgot
forgotten
dimenticare
forsake
forsook
forsaken
abbandonare
freeze
froze
frozen
gelare
get
got
got
ottenere, diventare
give
gave
given
dare
go
went
gone
andare
grind
ground
ground
macinare
grow
grew
grown
crescere, coltivare
hang
hanged/hung
hanged/hung
appendere
have
had
had
avere
hear
heard
heard
udire
hide
hid
hidden
nascondere
hit
hit
hit
colpire
hold
held
held
tenere
hurt
hurt
hurt
far male
keep
kept
kept
tenere, trattenere
kneel
knelt
knelt
inginocchiarsi
knit
knit
knit
lavorare a maglia
know
knew
known
sapere, conoscere
lay
laid
laid
stendere, poggiare
lead
led
led
condurre
lean
leaned/leant
leaned/leant
leap
leaped/leapt
leaped/leapt
saltare
learn
learned/learnt
learned/learnt
imparare
leave
left
left
lasciare, partire
lend
lent
lent
prestare
37
let
let
let
lasciare, permettere
lie
lay
lain
sdraiarsi
light
lighted/lit
lighted/lit
accendere
lose
lost
lost
perdere
make
made
made
fare
mean
meant
meant
significare
meet
met
met
incontrare, conoscere
pay
paid
paid
pagare
put
put
put
mettere
read
read
read
leggere
rid
rid
rid
liberare
ride
rode
ridden
cavalcare
ring
rang
rung
squillare
rise
rose
risen
aumentare, sorgere
run
ran
run
correre
say
said
said
dire
see
saw
seen
vedere
seek
sought
sought
cercare
sell
sold
sold
vendere
send
sent
sent
inviare
set
set
set
stabilire, ambientare
shake
shook
shaken
scuotere
shed
shed
shed
shine
shone
shone
risplendere
shoot
shot
shot
sparare
show
showed
showed/shown
mostrare
shrink
shrank
shrunk
restringersi
shut
shut
shut
chiudere
sing
sang
sung
cantare
sit
sat
sat
sedersi
sink
sank
sunk
affondare
sleep
slept
slept
dormire
slide
slid
slid
scivolare
smell
smelled/smelt
smelled/smelt
odorare
speak
spoke
spoken
parlare
speed
speeded/sped
speeded/sped
affrettare
spell
spelled/spelt
spelled/spelt
compitare
spend
spent
spent
spendere, trascorrere
38
spill
spilled/spilt
spilled/spilt
versare, sovesciare
spin
spun
spun
ruotare, girare
spit
spat
spat
sputare
split
split
split
dividere
spread
spread
spread
spargere
spring
sprang
sprung
saltare
stand
stood
stood
stare in piedi
steal
stole
stolen
rubare
stick
stuck
stuck
appiccicare
sting
stung
stung
pungere
stride
strode
stridden
strike
struck
struck
colpire
string
strung
strung
strive
strove
striven
impegnarsi
swear
swore
sworn
giurare, imprecare
sweep
swept
swept
spazzare
swell
swelled
swelled/swollen
gonfiare, gonfiarsi
swim
swam
swum
nuotare
swing
swung
swung
oscillare
take
took
taken
prendere, portare
teach
taught
taught
insegnare
tear
tore
torn
strappare
tell
told
told
dire
think
thought
thought
pensare
thrive
thrived/throve
thrived/thriven
prosperare
throw
threw
thrown
gettare
thrust
thrust
thrust
spingere
tread
trod
trodden/trod
calpestare
understand
understood
understood
comprendere
undertake
undertook
undertaken
intraprendere
wake
waked/woke
waked/woken
svegliare
wear
wore
worn
indossare
weave
wove
woven
tessere
weep
wept
wept
piangere
wet
wetted/wet
wetted/wet
bagnare
win
won
won
vincere
wind
wound
wound
serpeggiare
39
wring
wrung
wrung
strizzare
write
wrote
written
scrivere
Future Simple
V2=Past Simple
Past Simple only!
V3=Past participle
perfect tenses
passive forms
passive adjective
bent
built
lent
bent
built
lent
send
spend
sent
spent
sent
spent
had
made
had
made
learned \
learnt
burned \ burnt
dwelled \
dwelt
learned \
learnt
burned \
burnt
dwelled \
dwelt
smell
spell
spill
spoil
smelled \
smelt
spelled \ spelt
spilled \ spilt
spoiled \ spoilt
smelled \
smelt
spelled \ spelt
spilled \ spilt
spoiled \
spoilt
laid
paid
said
40
crept
fed
felt
kept
knelt\kneeled
crept
fed
felt
kept
knelt\kneeled
meet
sleep
sweep
weep
leave
met
slept
swept
wept
left
met
slept
swept
wept
left
dealt
dreamed\dreamt
leaned\leant
leapt
dealt
dreamed\dreamt
leaned\leant
leapt
mean
read
hear
meant
read (/red/)
heard
meant
read (/red/)
heard
sold
told
sold
told
brought
bought
fought
sought
brought
bought
fought
sought
think
catch
teach
thought
caught
taught
thought
caught
taught
bet
bid
burst
cost
cut
fit
fitted
hit
bet
bid
burst
cost
cut
fit
fitted
hit
hurt
let
put
set
shut
spread
quit
hurt
let
put
set
shut
spread
quit
hurt
let
put
set
shut
spread
quit
broke
chose
froze
spoke
broken
chosen
frozen
spoken
steal
awake
wake
weave
stole
awoke\awaked
woke \ waked
wove
stolen
awoken\awaked
woken\waked
woven
arose
rose
rode
arisen
risen
*ridden
drive
*write
drove
wrote
driven
*written
bit
hid
ate
gave
forgave
forbad(e)
bade
forgot
*bitten
*hidden
eaten
given
forgiven
forbidden
*bidden
forgotten
get
shake
take
see
beat
fall
lie
got
shook
took
saw
beat
fell
lay
got
shaken
taken
seen
beaten
fallen
lain (down to
rest)
Pay attention!
Do not confuse lie (tell a lie, regular), lie (down to rest, irregular), and lay (the table, irregular).
*lie
lie
lay
lied
lay
laid
bore
swore
born
sworn
tear
wear
tore
wore
torn
worn
threw
flew
drew
thrown
flown
*drawn
blew
grew
knew
blown
grown
known
throw
fly
draw
showed
sowed
mowed
swelled
showed\shown
sowed \sown
mowed \ mown
swelled \
sew
*shine
*shine
sewed
shined
shone
swollen
sewed \ sewn
shined (the shoes)
shone (brightly)
dug
stuck
spun
stung
struck
swung
dug
stuck
spun
stung
struck
swung
hang a man
hang a picture
slide
light
shoot
hanged
hung
slid
lighted\lit
shot
hanged
hung
slid
lighted\lit
shot
bound
found
bound
found
grind
wind
ground
wound
ground
wound
bled
fed
fled
bled
fed
fled
*lead
*speed
led
speeded\sped
led
speeded\sped
began
drank
rang
shrank
sang
begun
drunk
rung
shrunk
sung
sink
spin
spring
swim
sank
span\spun
sprang
swam
sunk
spun
sprung
swum
came
became
ran
come
become
run
was/were
went
dove
*dive
dived
do
can
did
could
been
gone
dived (jumped
head first)
dived (scubadiving)
done
may
hold
stand
understand
sit
babysit
win
lose
43
might
held
stood
understood
sat
babysat
won
lost
held
stood
understood
sat
babysat
won
lost