MH 4851903 0608076 908 mm INTERNATIONAL Iso STANDARD 140-3 Second edition 1985-05-15, Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 3: Laboratory measurements of airborne sound insulation of building elements Acoustique — Mesurage de l'solement acoustique des immeubles et des éléments de construction — Partie 3: Mesurage en laboratoire de I'affeiblissement des bruits aériens par les éléments de construction Reference number 140-3:1995(E)m™ 4851903 0408077 644 mm ISO 140-3:1995(E) Foreword ISO {the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work ‘of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (VEC) on all matters of elactrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are Circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote International Standard ISO 140-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 2, Building acoustics. This second esition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 140-3:1978) and its amendment ISO 140-3:1878/Amd.1:1990. ISO 140 consists of the following parts, under the general title ‘Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements: — Part 1: Requirements for laboratory test facilities with suppressed flanking transmission — Part 2: Determination, verification and application of precision data — Part 3: Laboratory measurements of airborne sound insulation of building elements — Part 4: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation between rooms — Part &; Field measurements of airborne sound insulation of facade elements and facades — Part 6: Laboratory measurements of impact sound insulation of floors © ISO. 1995 [Al rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified no part ofthis publication may be reproduced br uttzed in any form or By any means, electronic ar mechanical, ncludng photecopying and microti, wthout permission in writing fom the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case Postale $6 * Ch-1211 Geneve 20 + Switzerland Printed in Switzerland4851903 0408078 780 mm ©1so ISO 140-3:1995(E) — Part 7: Field measurements of impact sound insulation of floors — Part 8: Laboratory measurement of the reduction of transmitted im- pact noise by floor coverings on a solid standard floor — Part 9: Laboratory measurement of room-to-room airbome sound insulation of a suspended ceiling with a plenum above it — Part 10: Laboratory measurement of airborne sound insulation of small building elements — Part 12; Laboratory measurement of room-to-room airborne and im pact sound insulation of an access floor ‘Annexes A, B and C form an integral part of this part of ISO 140. Annexes D, E, Fand G are for information only.M@™ 4851903 Ob08079 617 mm INTERNATIONAL STANDARD © iSO ISO 140-3:1995(E) Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 3: Laboratory measurements of airborne sound insulation of building elements 1 Scope This part of ISO 140 specifies a laboratory method of measuring the airborne sound insulation of building elements such as walls, floors, doors, windows, fagade elements and facades, except those classified as small building elements (for which @ measuring method is specified in ISO 140-10"), ‘The results obtained can be used to design building elements with appropriate acoustic properties, to compare the sound insulation properties of building elements and to classify such elements according to their sound insulation capabilites. The measurements are performed in laboratory test, facilities in which transmission of sound on flanking paths is suppressed. Results of measurements made in accordance with this part of ISO 140 therefore shall ot be applied directly in the field without accounting for other factors affecting sound insulation, especially flanking transmission and loss factor. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 140. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject, to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 140 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards 'SO 140-1:—*, Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 1: Requirements for laboratory test facilities with ‘suppressed flanking transmission. ISO 140-2:1991, Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 2: Determination, veriication and application of precision data. ISO 354:1985, Acoustics — Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room, ISO 717-14, Acoustics — Rating of sound insu- lation in buildings and of building elements — Part 1: Airborne sound insulation. IEC 225:1966, Octave, halt-octave and thirdocteve band filters intended for the analysis of sounds and vibrations. IEC 651:1979, Sound level meters. 1)_ 180 14010:1991, Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 10: Lab- ‘oratory measurement of airborne sound insulation of small building elements 2) To be published. (Revision of ISO 140-1:1990) 3) To be published. (Revision of ISO 717-1:1982)mm 4851903 ISO 140-3:1995(E) IEC 804:1986, Integrating-averaging sound level me- ters. IEC 942:1988, Sound calibrators. 3. Definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 140, the following definitions apply. 3.1. average sound pressure level in a room: Ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the space and time average of the squared sound pressure to ‘the square of the reference sound pressure, the space average being taken over the entire room with the exception of those parts where the direct radiation, of @ sound source or the near field of the boundaries, (walls, etc.) is of significant influence. This quantity is denoted by L and is expressed in decibels. If @ continuously moving microphone is used, L is determined by 1m tI, ‘pede L=10 ig" dB a BS where pis the sound pressure, in pascals; Po is the reference sound pressure and is equal to 20 ua; Tm is the integration time, in seconds. If fixed microphone positions are used, L is deter- mined by 2 where py, Pa. Py af@ f-m.S. Sound pressures at n dif- ferent positions in the room. In practice, usually the sound pressure levels L, are measured. In this case L. is determined by roig LS 10!" ae ® Ob08080 335 a ©1so where L, are the sound pressure levels L, to L, at different positions in the room. 3.2 sound reduction index: Ten times the common. logarithm of the ratio of the sound power W, which is incident on a partition under test to the sound power W, transmitted through the specimen. This quantity is denoted by R and is expressed in decibels. @ In this part of ISO 140 the sound reduction index is evaluated from -h+i0bS a ro L, _ is the average sound pressure level in the source room, in decibels; 1, _ is the average sound pressure level in the receiving room, in decibels; Sis the area of the test specimen, in square metres, which is equal to the free test opening; Ais the equivalent sound absorption area in the receiving room, in square metres. NOTES 1. The derivation of equation (5) from equation (4) assumes. that the sound fiolds are perfectly diffuse and that the sound radiated into the receiving room is transmitted only through the specimen 2. The expression “sound transmission loss” (TL) is also in se in English-speaking countries, It is equivalent to “sound redvetion index’ 3.3. apparent sound reduction index: Ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the sound power W, which is incident on a partition under test to the total sound power transmitted into the receiv- ing room if, in addition to the sound power W, trans- mitted through the specimen, the sound power W, transmitted by flanking elements or by other com- ponents, is significant. ‘This quantity is denoted by R’ and is expressed in decibels, ) ae R 6 w oe wamm 4851903 050808) 275 mm ©1so In general, the sound power transmitted into the re- ceiving room consists of the sum of several com- ponents. Also in this case, under the assumption that. there are sufficiently diffuse sound fields in the two rooms, the apparent sound reduction index in this part of ISO 140 is evaluated from Rab-bt0gS 0B o Thus, in the apparent sound reduction index, the sound power transmitted into the receiving room is related to the sound power which is incident on the test specimen as in equation (5), irrespective of the actual conditions of transmission, The equipment shall comply with the requirements of clause 6. The accuracy of the sound level measurement equip- ment shall comply with the requirements of accuracy classes 0 or 1 defined in IEC 651 and IEC 804. Diffuse field calibration of the measurement equipment is re- quired unless microphones with the same diffuse field frequency response are used in both the source ‘and the receiving room. If absolute values of sound pressure levels have to be obtained, the complete measuring system includ ing the microphone shall be adjusted before each measurement using a sound calibrator which com- plies with the requirements of accuracy class 1 de- fined in IEC 942. The thirc-octave band filters shall comply with the re- quirements defined in IEC 225. ‘The reverberation time measurement equipment shall comply with the requirements defined in ISO 354, Requirements for the sound source are given in 6.1 and annex C. NOTE 3 For pattern evaluation (type testing) end regular verification tests, recommended procedures for sound level meters are given in OIML. R58 and OIML RES", 4) OIML R68:1984, Sound fovel meters. OIML R88:1988, integrating averaging sound level meters. ISO 140-3:1995(E) 5 Test arrangement 5.1. Rooms Laboratory test facilities: shall comply with the re- uirements of ISO 140-1 5.2 Test specimen The sound transmission of a specimen can depend on the temperature and relative humidity in the test, rooms at time of test andjor during curing or con- ditioning of the test specimen. The conditions shall be reported. 5.2.1 Partitions The size of the test partitions is determined by the size of the test opening of the laboratory test facility, as it is defined in ISO 140-1. These sizes are approxi- mately 10m? for walls, and between 10m? and 20 m* for floors, with the shorter edge length for both walls and floors being not less than 2,3 m, ‘A smaller size is permissible if the wavelength of free flexural waves at the lowest frequency considered is, smaller than half the minimum dimension of the specimen, The smaller the specimen, however, the more sensitive the results will be to edge constraint conditions and to local variations in sound fields. Preferably install the test partition in a manner as similar as possible to the actual construction with @ Careful simulation of normal connections and sealing conditions at the perimeter and at joints within the Partition. The mounting conditions shall be stated in the test report. The sound reduction index of solid walls and floors depends strongly on coupling to surrounding struc- tures. In order to describe properly the effect of the mounting, it is recommended to measure and to re- Port the loss factor in these cases (see annex E), If the test specimen is installed in an aperture be- tween the source room and the receiving room, the ratio of the aperture depths shall be approximately 2:1 Unless this is inconsistent with the practical use of the test specimen. If the specimen has one surface which is significantly more absorbent than the other, the surface with the ‘These documents may be obtained from: Organisation internationale de métrologie légale, 11, rue Turget, 75009 Paris, France.mm 4851903 0608082 10] a 1SO 140-3:1995(E) higher absorption shall face the source room. Install diffusing elements in the source room in such cases, In laboratories complying with ISO 140-1, ensure that the sound transmitted by any indirect path is negligi- ble compared with the sound transmitted through the test specimen. In order to verify this, the value of Ring for the laboratory facility shall be measured. This is done with a highly insulating construction inserted in the test opening, The procedure to determine Rip i8 given in annex A of ISO 140-1:—. if the measured value of R’ for a test specimen is less than or equal to (Ry — 18 dB), the indirectly trans- mitted sound may be considered negligible and the result is called R. If R's larger than (R'nq ~ 15 dB), the contribution of the flanking transmission for this special case shall be investigated. The methods mentioned in annex D may be used. If necessary, try an improvement in flanking path suppression of the test facility. Appropriate statements in the test report are necess- ary [see |) of clause 9] if finaly R’ is larger than (max — 18.48). No calculated corrections shall be applied with the exception of measurements on doors, windows, glazings and facade elements (see annex 8). If the test specimen is smaller than the test opening, a preliminary test shall be carried out to ensure that sound power transmitted through the surrounding partition is small compared with the sound power transmitted through the test specimen. This may be checked by the methods described in annex OD. 5.2.2 Doors, windows, glazings and fagade elements 5.22.1 General The test specimen shall be tested in the same man- ner as @ partition (see 5.2.1). If the test specimen is smaller than the test opening, a special partition of sufficiently high sound insulation shall be built into the ‘test opening and the specimen shall be placed in that, partition. The sound transmitted through this partition and any other indirect path should be negligible com- pared with the sound transmitted through the test specimen. If this is not the case, the test results shall be corrected (see annex B) If the test specimen is intended to be readily openable, it shall be installed for test so that it can be opened and closed in the normal manner. It shall be ‘opened and closed at least five times immediately before testing ©1so Doors shall be inserted so that the lower edge is situated as near as possible to the level of the floor of the test rooms to reproduce conditions in the actual building. For glazings, windows, doors, etc., the area Sis the area of the opening in the filler wall required to accomodate the test specimen. The sound insulation of certain glazing systems or eb ements, especially those incorporating laminated lass, may be dependent on the room temperature during the measurements. It is recommended that the sound insulation measurements on such test specimens are made at 20°C + 3 °C in both rooms. The test specimens should be stored for 24 h at the test temperature. In addition, it can be advantageous to make measurements at temperatures similar to those for which the test object is designed. NOTES 4 As the sound insulation of windows, doors and small facade elements depends on the dimensions, the sound insulation In practice could differ considerably if @ con. struction has an area other than the one tested in the lab- oratory. Itis unlikely that test specimens (especially window panes) ‘whose areas have @ ratio of up to 2:1 wil show differences in sound insulation greater than 3 dB in the single-number ‘quantity. With an area greater than that which has been tested, @ lower sound insulation will generally result. Accu- rate, reliable values can be obtained only by measuring a test object of the size of interest 5 Measurements on square specimens can yield smaller sound insulation than measurements on rectangular ones with the same area. 5.22.2 Installation of windows The installation of a window assembly shall be as near as possible to the method which would be used in practice. When the window is mounted in the test ‘opening, the niches on both sides of the windows shall have different depths, preferably in a ratio of about 2:1, unless this conflicts with the particular de- sign of the window. However, it is to be expected that results obtained with niche depths of different ratios will differ The gap between the window and the test opening (about 10 mm to 13 mm around the window when mounted in the test opening) should be filled with absorbing material (for example, mineral wool) and made airtight using an elastic sealant on both sides or in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.@™ 4851903 Ob08083 048 mm © iso 5.2.2.3 Installation of glass panes ‘The glass pane shall be installed into the test opening so that the niches on both sides of the glass pane have different depths with a ratio of 2:1. A gap of, about 10 mm shall remain between the glass and the reveal of the test opening. This gap shall be filled with putty as specified in annex A. To fix the test specimen, two wooden beads (25 mm x 25 mm) shall be used (see figure 1). The Compeessibie seat Resitent materiat (acousticaltyrettectived 2 ISO 140-3:1995(E) space between the pane and the locking ledge shall be filled with putty, as described in annex A, about 5mm thick. The beads shall cover not more than 16 mm and not less than 12 mm of the glass®. NOTE6 The sound insulation measured for a type of, lazing does not necessarily represent the sound insulation of a window with that glazing, Preferably, therefore, the complete windows should be measured as well to obtain, information on sound insulation of the windows and not only of the glazing Dimensions in millimetres Hingrat woot watt Ne NS sw| | 2s Wooden beading Putty —— Glass pane NOTE — This example shows @ double-glazed pane installed directly into the (smaller) aperture of a double filler well (see 180 1404:—, annex C for more detail) Figure 1 — Installation of a glass pane 5) This method of mounting and sealing a glass pane into the test opening is given as @ practical, quick, airtight and repro- ... dB; this shall be applied if the sound pressure level in any band is not measurable on account of background noise {acoustic or elec trical, see 6.5) and also if the measured value of the sound reduction index has been affected by flanking transmission; in the latter case the ap- propriate value of Rina, Shall be given, m total loss factor nay Lif measured (see annex EY] at all frequencies of measurement in tabular form ‘andjor in the form of a curve. For the evaluation of the single-figure rating from the curve R(f), see ISO 717-1. It shall be clearly stated that the evaluation has been based on a result ob- tained by a laboratory method.mm 48512903 0408087 793 mm Iso ISO 140-3:1995(E) Annex A (normative) Putty for the mounting of glazings in the test opening The type of putty used for mounting the test speci- men shall be shown to fulfil the following conditions, by measurements in accordance with this part of 1SO 140. ‘A sodasimejsilica glass pane float, density 2.500 kgjm®, modulus of elasticity E = 7 x 10° MPa) with a thickness of 10 mm 03mm and the di mensions 1.230 mm x 1 480 mm shall be mounted with this putty in accordance with subclause 5.2.2.3 in the test opening. The airborne sound reduction index shall be determined in one-third-octave bands in the frequency range from 1 600 Hz to 3 150 Hz. The first measurement shall begin not later than 1 h after mounting The results shall be as follows, to within + 2,0 dB: 1600Hz: R= 31,3 d8 2.000 Hz: R=35,6 dB 2500 Hz: R=39,2 dB 3150 Hz: R= 42,9 dB ‘A second measurement shall be taken about 24h later in order to make sure that no hardening process is influencing the measurement results. No system- atic deviation AR (mean of the four AR-values) greater than 0,5 dB is permitted. A test opening in accord- ance with ISO 140-1:—, annex C, shall be used. NOTE 8 Perenator TX 2001 $ has been shown to fulfil these conditions® ©) Perenator TX 2001 S is an example of a suitable product available commercially, This information is given for the con- venience of users of this part of ISO 140 and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.W™ 4851903 0608088 b2T ml 180 140-3:1995(E) ©1so Annex B (normative) Measurement of the sound reduction index of the filler wall (and any flanking constructions) for test openings for doors, windows, gla: gs and fagade elements The apparent sound reduction index of the filler wall including all flanking elements (calculated using the free area of the test opening in the filler wall) shall be at least 6 dB higher than the sound reduction index of the test specimen at any frequency. This may be determined by measuring the apparent sound re duction index, Ry, with a substantially reduced trans- mission through the test specimen, It is recommended to use the following method of reducing transmission through the test specimen in order to measure R'y. Mount an additional flexible layer of mass per unit area of 25 kg/m’ (e.9. gypsum board covered with 2 mm iron sheet) flush with the face of the filler wall in that part of the test opening where the test speci- men is mounted, and fill the space between this layer and the test specimen with absorbing material. NOTE 9 If this method is not applicable (e.9. because of resonance between the test object and the additional aye”, 508 annex B of ISO 140-1:— for an additional method 10 check Ry. ‘The resulting values, R’,, of measurements of glazings or windows shall be compared with the apparent sound reduction index R',, measured with this con- struction and calculated with respect to the free area of the test opening in the filler wall. If the difference is greater than or equal to 6 dB but smalier than 16 dB, the result of the measurement R’ shall be corrected for the influence of the flanking trans- mission by calculating R, 25 follows: Ry=—101g(10"- 10°F") dB... (B.1) where R, is the corrected sound reduction index of the test specimen, in decibels; is measured, in decibels, with the test specimen in the test opening; R’; is measured, in decibels, with the special Construction in the test opening, If the difference between R’, and R’y is less than 6 dB in any of the frequency bands, the correction shall be 1,3dB corresponding to a difference of 6 dB. In that case, R’; shall be given in the measure- ‘ment report so that it clearly appears that the reported R, values are minimum values.MM 4851903 Ob08089 S&L mm 1s ISO 140-3:1995(E) Annex C (normative) Qualification and positioning of the sound source C.1 Qualification procedures for loudspeakers and for loudspeaker positions relative to microphone positions C.1.1. General ‘The objective of these requirements is to make the sound field which is incident on the test object and which is sampled by the microphones as diffuse as possible. The positions and the directivity of the source shall permit microphone positions to be out- side the direct field of the source and shall ensure that the direct radiation from the source is not dominant, on the surface of the test object. Requirements for radiation characteristics of the sound source depend on the dimensions of the source room. For uniform omnidirectional radiation, the distance from the source to the test object and to any microphone position shall be not less than. doin = 0.1 (VIET) where dyin _ is the distance, in metres, from the source: Vis the room volume, in cubic metres; T is the reverberation time, in seconds, Doubling this distance is strongly recommended. It is essential that the requirement for separating dis tances given in 6.2.2 is fulfilled if 2 source is used which meets the requirements for uniform omni- directional radiation given in C.1.3 and, for other types of sources, that the qualification procedure for source positions given in C.1.2 is performed, €.1.2 Qualification procedure for loudspeaker positions with regard to microphone positions Ensure that the microphone positions are outside the direct sound field of the source. This can be verified experimentally by recording the sound pressure level while moving a microphone on a line from the surface of the source to the selected microphone positions, Perform the test for all one-third-octave bands with centre frequencies higher than 630 Hz. Each fixed microphone position shall lie outside the region in which levels decrease significantly with distance from the source. For a moving microphone, no significant level increase shall occur when the path comes close to the source. €.1.3. Test procedure for loudspeaker radiation directivity At all source positions in the free room space, loud- speakers should be used with the speaker units mounted in a closed cabinet. All speaker units in the same cabinet shall radiate in phase. Mounting loudspeakers on the surfaces of a polyhedron, preferably # dodecahedron, gives an ade- uate approximation of uniform omnidirectional radi- ation For a test of the directional radiation of a source, measure the sound pressure levels around the source at a distance of about 1,5 m in a free field. The source shall be driven with @ noise signal, and measurements made in one-thirctoctave bands. Measure the level difference between the energetic mean value for the arc of 360° (Loge) and the “gliding” meen values of all arcs of 30° (Cap) ‘The directivity indices are DI, = Laso ~ Laos Uniform omnidirectional radiation can be assumed if the DI values are within the limits of + 2 dB in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 630 Hz. In the range of 630 Hz to 1000 Hz, the limits increase linearly from + 2 dB to + 8 dB. They are + 8 dB for frequen- cies of 1 000 Hz to 5 000 Hz. Carry out the test in the different planes to ensure inclusion of the “worst case” condition. For a polyhedron source, testing in one plane is sufficient.MH 4853903 Ob08050 288 mm ISO 140-3:1995(E) €.2_ Experimental method for finding the recommended number of source positions and for the selection of optimum positions 2.1 General The suitability of source positions shall be tested with regard to the specific room mode excitation in order to find positions which lead to results of sound insu- lation measurement which are as close as possible to mean values from a large number of positions equally distributed in the room space. Simple requirements for selecting trial source pos itions are given. Procedures are described for finding the recommended number of positions and for the selection of optimum positions, including a quali- fication test. A recommended test object is described Guidance is given for the use of continuously moving loudspeakers. When using the selected loudspeaker positions for measurements of sound insulation in practice, the loudspeaker type and orientation shall be the same as for the qualification test. This shall be the case also for all laboratory features including microphone pos- itions or microphone paths, diffusing elements, ab- sorbing surfaces, etc. and, as far as possible (especially in the case of using a test opening in a filler wall, the position of the test object. €.2.2. Requirements for loudspeaker positions in the selection procedure The distance between different loudspeaker positions shall be not less than 0,7 m. At least two positions. shall be not less than 1,4 m apart The distance between the room boundaries and the source centre shall be not less than 0,7 m, neglecting, ‘small irregularities in the room boundaries. For pos- itions near the boundaries, especially corner positions, see C.2.3, ‘The loudspeaker positions shall not be symmetrical with respect to the axis or central planes of the source room (in the case of parallel room boundaries) Different loudspeaker positions shall not be located within the same planes parallel to the room bound aries. The planes shall have a minimum distance of O1m. The orientation of the loudspeaker shall be accurately, recorded unless an omnidirectional radiating source is iso used, It is recommended that its orientation is the same at all positions in order to ensure that the selected positions are exactly reproduced, because turing the loudspeaker may effectively change the position of the acoustic centre. ©.2.3. Guidelines for finding opt positions and qualification test ‘The number of loudspeaker positions to be used and a set of optimum positions are found by the following procedure, Measure the difference in levels using @ number of loudspeaker positions, m, which is greater than m= 152/v2 c) where Vis the source room volume in cubic metres, Choose the positions as specified in C.22. If it is necessary that the minimum distance between the positions be less than 0,8 m, distribute the positions 80 that the minimum distance is as large as possible, and that the other requirements given in C.2.2 are fulfilled. Measure the difference, D, between the source and receiving room levels for each loudspeaker position. Calculate the standard deviation s of these differ- ences for each one-third-octave band with centre fre quency from 100 Hz to 316 Hz: 12 De w C2) where Dj, is the level difference for the *h loud- speaker position at the 4 one-third-octave band; 4; is the arithmetic mean of the differences in levels in the #h one-third-octave band; m is the number of loudspeaker positions examined, ‘The number, V, of loudspeaker positions to be used in practice is determined by the following conditions: N>2 C3) Ne (slo) C4) 2 Ne (Sv 8 a8] (C5)WH 4851903 060809) 124 mm © 1s0 where 5, _ is the standard deviation of the differences in levels [see equation (C.2)} 2, is the prescribed maximum standard devi- ation of the mean value for N loudspeaker positions (see table C.1), Requirement (C.4) shall be fulfled at all one-third octave bands listed in table C.1 Table C.1 — Prescribed maximum standard ation for the mean value of measured level ifference for N loudspeaker positions f a He 3B 100 14 128 42 160 1.0 200 08 250 oa 316 08 If 2N exceeds the number of loudspeaker positions investigated, m, this number shall be increased from ‘m to 2N. The additional loudspeaker positions shall be chosen so that the requirements given in equations (C3) to (C.5) are fulfilled for all 2N positions. For each loudspeaker position j, the sum S) of the ‘squares of the deviations from the mean values at the six one-third-octave bands is calculated as Yeu? The q positions for which values of S, are smallest are selected from all investigated loudspeaker positions. + (C8) Additional loudspeaker positions not satisfying the conditions given in C.2.2 may also be investigated. For example, comer positions may be of advantage for practical use. If; for an additionat position does not exceed the largest value of the selected q positions, that position may be used in practice Finally, choose q positions, with q > 2, by the follow- ing procedure. For each of the combinations of the q positions, cal culate the sum S,, of the square of the deviations from the mean values at the six one-thirdoctave bands. Select the g positions for which values of $,, are smallest, ‘Two or more of the selected positions shall be at least, 1,4 m apart. Positions close to the boundaries are very critical for many types of loudspeaker, as small displacements may lead to strong variations of the measurement re- sult. If those positions are selected, ensure that they ‘can be reproduced very accurately. C.2.4 Test object Carry out the test procedure using a test specimen whose sound reduction index does not exceed the values in table C.2 and whose size is that specified for glazings in annex C of ISO 140-1:—. NOTE 10. Measurement results on small test objects. ‘with relative low sound insulation have been found in gen feral to be particulatly sensitive to variations in the sound source positions, Table C.2 — Maximum sound reduction index for the test object 7 ® He a3 100 27 125 23 160 2 200 30 250 a 315 22 ‘A recommended test specimen is a single leaf sheet made of a steel sandwich leaf (steel sheet) resinjsteel sheet, total thickness 2,2 mm), fixed to a channel section’ frame by screws in fivets and elastoplastic sealant NOTES 11 The recommended test specimen shows no resonance influence on the sound reduction over the whole frequency range up to § 000 Hz. Its therefore also suited for regular ‘repeatability tests as recommended in clause 7. 12 If a laboratory does not normally test objects of this, type. the test procedure may be carriad out on @ test sarn- ple which is representative of those normally used, €.2.5 Use of continuously moving loudspeakers It is permissible to use @ loudspeaker that is moved. automatically along a path while the sound level measurements in both rooms are performed. The path length shall be not less than 1,6 m. The loud- speaker should radiate omnidirectionally, otherwisemi 4851903 Ob08092 O50 mm ISO 140-3:1995(E) the qualification procedure given in C.1.2 shall be performed for all positions on the path with the shortest distances to the cifferent microphone pos- itions, Measurements of the sound reduction index of a test specimen following the procedure given in C.2.4 shall ©1so be performed using several paths, including the four diagonals, through that part of the room space satis: fying the requirements given in C.2.2. The path with the smallest value for 5; [see equation (C.6)] shall be Used for the measurements in practice.mm 4851903 0608053 197 i ©1s0 ISO 140-3:1995(E) Annex D (informative) Measurement of flanking transmission ‘The sound power transmitted into the receiving room, can be assumed to consist of the sum of the follow- ing components: Wog which has entered the partition directly and is radiated from it directly; Wor which has entered the partition directly but is radiated from flanking constructions; Wea Which has entered flanking constructions: and is radiated from the partition directly; Wes which has entered flanking constructions and is radiated from flanking constructions; Wage which has been transmitted (as airborne sound) through leaks, ventilation ducts, ete. If the flanking transmission has to be investigated, this may be done in either of the following two ways. )_ By covering the specimen on both sides with ad- ditional flexible layers, for example 13 mm ‘gypsum board on a separate frame at a distance which gives a resonance frequency of the system of layer and airspace well below the frequency range of interest. The airspace should contain sound.absorbing material. With this measurement Woa, Wot and We, are suppressed, and the meas- ured apparent reduction index is determined by Wey (Wax i8 assumed to be negligible under lab- oratory conditions). Additional flexible layers, cov- ering particular flanking surfaces, may permit identification of the major flanking paths. b) By measuring the average surface velocity levels of the specimen and the flanking surfaces in the receiving room. The average surface vibration velocity level, L,, of the specimen is given by where Ve Yar Vy af the r.m.s. normal surface vi bration velocities at n different pos- itions on the specimen; Y is the seference vibration velocity” (0-* mys). NOTE 13 In building acoustics, the reference velocity of 5x 10°? mys is also in use. Therefore, the reference vel ‘city used in equation (D.1) should always be stated. ‘The vibration transducer used should be well attached to the surface and its mass impedance should be sufficiently low compared with the point impedance of the surface. If the critical frequency of the specimen or of the flanking objects is low compared with the frequency range of interest, the power W, radiated from a par- ticular element & with area S, into the receiving room may be estimated by pS (02) vi is the spatial average of the mean square of the normal surface velocity; a, is the radiation efficiency, @ figure of about 1 above the critical frequency; pe is the characteristic impedance of air. 7) Taken from ISO 1683:1983, Acoustics — Preferred reference quantities for acoustic levels.Wm 4853903 0608094 923 mm 1SO 140-3:1995(E) If, for instance, the power radiated from the flanking constructions is determined in this way, the measurement can be used for the calculation of the apparent sound reduction index, in decibels, as fol lows us ) 3B ee --(03) Foren 1010 © 1so NOTE 14 The flanking transmission may be measured directly using the intensity measuring method if the differ- tent special conditions required to obtain reliable results with this method are fulfilled, This should be shown in the test report unless reference can be given to a standard on this method,e1so WM 4852503 0608055 467 mm | | ISO 140-3:1995(E) Annex E (informative) Measurement of the total loss factor E.1 General A physical system which exchanges energy with other systems through weak couplings is considered, E js the vibrational energy of the system in a fre quency band (f+ Af) under steady-state conditions. Through extemal forces, the energy AB is injected into the system in the same frequency bend and during a period corresponding to frequency f, to keep E con- stant, Then the total loss factor mows iS given by Net = SE -€1) For example, the system may be @ wall, or a group of stronaly coupled walls of approximately the same surface density. ‘The other systems may be a volume of air, another wall or partition of different mass, coupled or attached, to the system through resilient connections. The total loss factor includes the internal losses, the edge losses and the radiation losses. E.2 Measurements The relation between mony and the reverberation time Ta of the system, when excited by an impulse force is given by tow = 2 onl = The reverberation time is estimated by measuring the velocity or acceleration of different points in the sys- (2) tem. It is suggested that the reverberation time should be calculated from the decay curve between 5 dB and 20 dB below the maximum level. On a typi cal wall construction (10 m® to 20 m4), the averaged value of 12 decay curves should be taken, typically ‘two measurement points x three excitation points x ‘two decays per point. The excitation may be obtained by the impact of @ shaker or a hammer covered with a rubber pad. The ‘mass of the hammer should be approximately that of 100 cm? of the excited wall The reverberation time is often as small as 20 ms, so that the usual data-processing procedure for airborne reverberation time measurements cannot be applied In order to avoid the influence of the filters and the RMS detector on the decay curves, the following method may be used Record the decay curve on a tape recorder or a tran- sient memory, and replay it reversed, if suitable at @ slower speed. Take measurements using transposed filters. The product of the filter bandwidth B and the measured reverberation time should exceed 16 for forward analysis and 4 when time-eversed analysis is used. The RMS detector should have a short time constant. The equivalent reverberation time Tp of a RMS detector of time constant + is Ty = 13,8 r. It is recommended that T, should be less than half the measured reverberation time using forward analysis, When time-reversed analysis is used, Tq may be up to four times the measured reverberation time,M@™ 4851903 ObOS0% 77h A ISO 140-3:1995(E) ©1S0 Annex F (informative) Guidance for measurements in the low-frequency bands F.1 General In low-frequency bands (lower than about 400 Hz in general and especially lower then 100 Hz), no Giffuse-feld conditions in the test rooms can be ex: pected especially when room volumes of only 50 m° to 100 m® are considered. The general requirement that the room dimensions should be at least one wavelength cannot be fulfilled for the lowest fre- quency bands. The small number of room modes in the bands are the cause of the standing wave struc- tures that are found in the whole room space. ‘The excitation of the room modes is highly dependent ‘on the source locations. The sound reduction index depends strongly on which room modes are excited. Even if the repeatability is not bad at low frequencies, the reproducibility and comparability with test results from other rooms may be very poor: the test results become dependent on the test facility. In order to reduce the spread of the measured results, additional effort is necessary with regard to the excitation and sampling of the sound field in the rooms and the special requirements that the rooms. have to meet. Rooms with small volumes and unfavourable dimen- sions are not usable for low-frequency measure- ments. At least one room dimension should be of one wavelength and another of at least half a wavelength of the lowest band centre frequency, and there should be the space to position the source and the micro- phones according to the requirements. F.2. Minimum distances A strong sound pressure level increase is measured towards the room boundaries from a distance of about a quarter of a wavelength. The minimum sep- arating distances (see 6.2.2) have to be increasad lin- early, being doubled for measurements in the 50 Hz band. For the distance between the microphone pos- itions and the room boundaries, about 1,2 m should bbe the ultimate limit. This is also valid for the dis- tances between microphone positions and the sur- face of the test specimen. F.3. Sampling of the sound field In order to obtain a reliable average of the sound pressure levels in the room volume, the number of microphone positions should be increased. The microphone positions should be spread uniformly throughout the allowable volume of the room. If 2 moving microphone is used, it should sample all parts, of the allowable volume uniformly. At very low fre- quencies where the room dimensions tend to be in the range of half @ wavelength, extremely low sound pressure values are found in the centre part of the room. Therefore, suitable microphone positions should also be found outside this area. F.4 Loudspeaker positions The lack of diffusivity in small rooms at low-frequency measurements can be partly compensated by exciting different sound fields one after the other and aver aging the results. Therefore, the number of loud: speaker positions has to be increased; the minimum number should be three. The use of @ continuously moving loudspeaker is recommended. F5 Averaging time Due to the smaller absolute filter bandwidth and low modal overlap, the averaging times should be in- creased to not less than 16 s for measurements in the 50 Hz band (about three times compared to the re quirements for measurements at 100 Hz). When us- ing a moving microphone, the averaging time should not be less than 60 s, F.6 Reverberation time ‘At very low frequencies, test rooms with hard sur- faces tend to have long reverberation times. This should be avoided in order to reduce the dominance of single room modes by improving the modal over- lap. The absorption in the room should be well dis- tributed. The use of plasterboard linings on mineral ‘woo! layers on walls and ceiling and a floating floor is recommended.W™ 4853903 0608097 L32 mm ©1so ISO 140-3:1995(E) Annex G (informative) Form for the expression of results This annex gives an example of the form for the ex- The curve of reference values shown in the form is pression of results for the laboratory measurement taken from ISO 717-1. It should be supplemented or of airborne sound insulation of building elements. at least replaced by the shifted reference curve ac- cording to the procedure described in ISO 717-1m™@ 4851903 0608098 579 ISO 140-3:1995(E) ©1so fm 4852903 0608099 405 mm ISO 140-3:1995(E) e1804852903 0608059 405 mm ISO 140-3:1995(E) ©1so ICs 17.140.40 Descriptors: acoustics, buldings, structural members, building elements, ibome sound, acoustic insulation, tests, laboratory test, ‘coustc tests, acoustic measurements, testing conditions Price besed on 20 pages