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MLA
In-text (parenthetical) citations
What is MLA?
Style most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within
liberal arts and humanities
MLA Basics
Use Times New Roman size 12 font, double space throughout, flush left,
paperclip left corner (I have a cat problem, please staple)
In header, Last name and page number in upper right corner beginning with
page 1
Flush left, your name, instructors name, class, date (military styledate
month year)
Center title (do not bold, underline, or italicize. Do apply standard rules of
capitalization)
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/
changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit (patchwriting)
copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether
you give credit or not
http://www.checkforplagiarism.net/plagiarism-consequences
Avoiding Plagiarism
Any summary, paraphrase, or quotation used in a paper MUST be
documented
Exemptions include the following:
Common knowledge
Shakespeares death
Standard terms
Plagiarized.
Why?
The student uses language borrowed from the original
source without quotation marks and without
crediting the author. The following is an acceptable
revision:
Ok.
Why?
The student has paraphrased without using language or
structure from the source. The student also cites the
authors name and gives the page numbers for the
source in parentheses.
Plagiarized.
Why?
The student has used the words extreme performance from
the source without putting them in quotation marks.
Freestanding quotation
The report further stated, All great writing styles have their wellsprings in
the personality of the writer. As Buffon said, The style is the man (Duncan
49).
Integrating Sources
Ellen Goodman offers this further observation about writers who peddle
formulas for achieving success through selfishness: They are all Doctor
Feelgoods, offering placebo prescriptions instead of strong medicine. They
give us a way to life with ourselves, perhaps, but not a way to live with each
other (16).
The author offers this further observation about writers who peddle
formulas for achieving success through selfishness: They are all Doctor
Feelgoods, offering placebo prescriptions instead of strong medicine. They
give us a way to life with ourselves, perhaps, but not a way to live with each
other (Goodman 16).
Shakespeare insists that Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, but
bears it out even to the edge of doom.
Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, Shakespeare insists, but
bears it out even to the edge of doom.
Shakespeare insists that true lovers are persistent: Love alters not with his
brief hours and weeks, but bears it out even to the edge of doom.
Integrating Sources
Block quotations
In-text citations (parentheticals) must include the authors last name or first
word of title and the page number
(Stanko 7)
1.
A. Richard A. Hawley reports that although the
ancient Chinese used marijuana for medical
purposes, there is no record of the Chinese
using it as a pleasure-producing drug (26).
Explanation:
In MLA style, the sentence period comes after
the parenthetical citation.
Explanation:
When a work has two or three authors, all authors
must be named either in a signal phrase or in the
parenthetical citation.
Explanation:
A short form of the title of the work appears in the
parenthetical citation because two works by Marshall are
given in the works cited list.
The signal phrase gives the complete name of the author of the
source, in this case a government agency. If the student uses
a parenthetical citation, it must include the complete name
under which the work is given in the list of works cited:
(United States, Dept. of Justice, Drug Enforcement
Administration).
Entries are listed alphabetically by authors or editors last name or by the title
of the work if no author/editor is available
Author names are written last name, first name, middle name (or initials)
Burke,
Levy,
Kenneth
David M.
Wallace,
DO NOT list titles (Dr., Sir, Saint, etc.) or degrees (PhD, MA, DDS, etc.)
John
David Foster
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/12/
One-inch margins, same header as rest of essay, double spaced (no extra
spaces between citations)
Works Cited (do not italicize, underline, bold, or put inside quotation marks)
centered at top of page
First line of each entry is NOT indented. The second and subsequent lines are
indented (hanging indent).
Use italics (do not underline) titles of larger works (books, magazines, etc).
Containers are now a part of the MLA process, in light of technology. Periods
should be used between Containers.
It there is more than one entry per author, works are arranged alphabetically
by title
For second and all additional entries, type three hyphens and a period in
place of the authors name
Citing a Book
Jacobs, Alan. The Pleasures of Reading in an Age of
Distraction. Oxford UP, 2011.
In
This version identifies the volume (24), the number (2), and the
page numbers (620-26) of the scholarly journal, rather than
leaving those numbers without clear explanation. This helps
readers best make sense of your citation and allows them to
locate your source without getting bogged down with extra
information or references that can be difficult to decipher. Also
note that punctuation is simple; only commas separate the journal
title, volume, number, date, and page numbers.
Example
OWL@Purdue https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/05/
Core elements
Inaccurate information
User error
Electronic Sources
Any version numbers available, including editions (ed.), revisions, posting dates,
volumes (vol.), or issue numbers (no.).
Take note of any page numbers (p. or pp.) or paragraph numbers (par. or pars.).
For Wednesday...
Read
Website article by Dr. Joshua Smith entitled The Many Uses of Pencils.
It was published March 22, 2010 and viewed August 3, 2012. The URL
is www.articlesonline.smith/pencils.html