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Part 5 SPICE circuit applications

.subckt and the library shows it as a .model. Templates beginning with an X

refer to a subcircuit.
(H) GLOBAL: A global (which has a symbol just like any other object) allows a
given value to be distributed about the schematic without having to use wires.
All points with the same GLOBAL name will be considered as joined. This is
particularly useful for power supplies.
(I) TOPEN, TCLOSE: These switch components are useful to allow something
to change at a given time. They are in eect variable resistors (and can be used
as such) and are dened with a minimum and a maximum resistance value
together with a time at which they begin to operate and a time interval to complete the operation. You should allow an appropriate time for the changeover
otherwise the simulator may have diculty in following too rapid a change
satisfactorily.
(J) Voltage-controlled (and current-controlled) switch: These devices are in eect
voltage- (or current-) controlled resistors. They are listed in the Get Part
display as Sbreak (Wbreak). The parameters are:
Sbreak

Wbreak

RON On resistance
ROFF O resistance
VON Voltage for RON
VOFF Voltage for ROFF

RON
ROFF
ION
IOFF

On resistance
O resistance
Current for RON
Current for ROFF

To set the parameters you need to place a component and then go to

EDIT/MODEL and EDIT INSTANCE MODEL (TEXT). The ratio of resistance should be kept below 1012 and the values must be between zero and
1/GMIN (see under ANALYSIS/SETUP/OPTIONS). The time for the transition between the limits should not be too short to avoid numerical problems.
Time is not directly set but is determined by the rate of change of the control
signal.
(K) Sources: There is an array of both voltage and current sources available and
you should remember that they are perfect devices, i.e. voltage sources have
zero internal impedance and current sources have innite impedance. Thus,
for example, a voltage source of zero voltage could be used as a current
monitor, or if it generates only a short transient then at other times it is in
eect not present. Similarly, a current source may be used to provide a short
prod to start an oscillator but after that it also is not present as it has innite
impedance. For more complex or mathematically dened signals you may use
one of the ABM devices or for graphically or program-controlled sources
there is the STIMULUS EDITOR. For the latter remember to enter the name
and location of the stimulus le in ANALYSIS/LIBRARY AND INCLUDE
FILES.