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Course Code

MCS-023

Course Title

Introduction to Database Management Systems

Assignment Number

MCA (2)/023/Assign /12-13

Maximum Marks

: 100

Weightage

: 25%

Last Dates for Submission :

Session)

15th October, 2012 (For July 2012

15th April, 2013 (For January 2013

Session)
This assignment has five questions. Answer all questions of total 80
marks. Rest 20 marks are for viva voce. You may use illustrations and
diagrams to enhance explanations. Please go through the guidelines
regarding assignments given in the Programme Guide for the format
of presentation. Answer to each part of the question should be
confined to about 300 words

Question 1: Describe briefly all the possible applications of a database system in a

University?

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Ans:-There can be many applications of a database system can be possible like a university can
have colleges or study center, For example - like in IGNOU there are many regional center, which
have their study center's Enrollment No. of student managed by regional center as well as IGNOU
study center manages exams, particles, counseling sessions and attendance ,study material etc, So
we are creating a list of all applications which can be performed with university database system.
New Registration
Study center allotment
Study material details
Exam center details
Regional center details
Student results
Enquiry

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Question 2: Identify all the associated entities for a Study Centre Management System,their
corresponding attributes, relationships and cardinality and design an ER diagram for it.
Ans:-E-R Diagram

Student_ID

Student_name
Student_address

Student_enrol

Prog-id

Prog-code
Prog-name

Program

StudentDtls

enrolled
Faculty_ID
Course_ID

mark
have

attends

Practical

Courses

Theory

Attendance

Course_ID
Faculty_ID
Course_name

Attendance_ID

Course_code
Course_ID
Course_ID
Teach by

Remarks
Student_I
D

Faculties
Phone No.

Faculty_ID

Qualification
Faculty_name

Address

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Question 3: Consider the E-R diagram of Question 2 and design the tables. Perform
Normalization till the required normal form. Implement it using MS-Access. (25 Marks)
Ans:Program:Prog -Id

Integer

Prog -Code

varchar

Prog - Name

varchar

Create - date

Date

Student details:Stud -Id

Integer

Stud-Eno.

Big Integer

Stud- Name

varchar

Student Address

Varchar

Create - date

Date

Courses:Course -Id

Integer

Course-Code

varchar

Course - Name

varchar

Create - date

Date

Attendance:Attendance-Id

Integer

Course-Code

Integer

Stud-Id

Integer

Create - date

Date

Remarks

Varchar

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Faculties:Faculty-Id

Integer

Faculty-Name

Integer

Faculty-Add

Integer

Qualification

Date

Phone No.

Varchar

Create-date

Varchar

Question 4: Consider a "Project Management System" that maintains the database using the
following tables: (10 Marks)

Project (pid, ptitle, startdate, enddate, duration_in_months, cid, Cost)

Clients (cid, cname, caddress, cphone)
Employee (eid, name, address, phone)
Project-person (pid, eid)

Please note that an employee may be working on more than one project in the organization
at any given time. Write and run the following SQL queries on the tables:

Ans:Create table Project(Pid Integer primary key,ptille varchar(50),startdate Date,enddate

Date,duration-in-months Integer,cid Int ,cost int);
Create table clients (cid int Primary key,cname varchar(50),c-address varchar(50),c-phone BigInt);
Create table Employee(eid Int Primary key, name varchar(50),address varchar(50),phone BigInt);
Create table Project-Person(Pid Int,cid Int);

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a) Find the cid and cname of the clients who have given only one project to the company.
Ans:- Select cid ,cname from clients INNER JOIN Project ON clients.cid=project.cid WHERE
cid=(select count(cid)from Project);
(b) List the details of all the employees whoever are working on the project with project code
(pid) = 111.
Ans:- Select * from Employee INNERJOIN Project-Person ON Employe.eid=Project-Person.eid
WHERE Project-Person.pid=111;
(c) List all the project details those are currently under development.
Ans:- Select * from Project WHERE end-date=NULL;
(d) Find the projects whose cost is more than 11 lakhs.
Ans:- Select * from Project WHERE cost>11,00,000;
(e) Find the employee who is not working on any of the project. Note: Make suitable
assumptions, if any.
Ans:- Select * from Employee INNER JOIN Project-Person ON Employee.eid=Project-Person.eid
WHERE Employee.eid NOT NULL
Question 5: Consider the Relation R={A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H } and the set of functional
dependencies.
A C B CG
AD EH
C DF
A H
What is the key for R? Decompose R into 2NF, 3NF and finally in BCNF relation.
Ans:-A functional dependency (FD) is a constraint between two sets of attributes in a relation
from a database.
Given a relation R, a set of attributes X in R is said to functionally determine another attribute Y,
also in R, (written X

Y) if, and only if, each X value is associated with precisely one Y value. Customarily

we call X the determinant set and Y the dependent attribute. Thus, given a tuple and the values of
the attributes in X, one can determine the corresponding value of the Y attribute. In simple words,
if X value is known, Y value is certainly known. For the purposes of simplicity, given that X and Y
are sets of attributes in R, X

Y denotes that X functionally determines each of the members of Yin this

case Y is known as the dependent set. Thus, a candidate key is a minimal set of attributes that
functionally determine all of the attributes in a relation. The concept

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of functional dependency arises when one attribute is dependent on another attribute and it also
uniquely determines the other attribute.
(Note: the "function" being discussed in "functional dependency" is the function of identification.)
A functional dependency FD: X

Y is called trivial if Y is a subset of X.

The determination of functional dependencies is an important part of designing databases in the

relational model, and in database normalization and demoralization. The functional dependencies,
along with the attribute domains, are selected so as to generate constraints that would exclude as
much data inappropriate to the user domain from the system as possible.
For example, suppose one is designing a system to track vehicles and the capacity of their engines.
Each vehicle has a unique vehicle identification number (VIN). One would write VIN
EngineCapacity because it would be inappropriate for a vehicle's engine to have more than one
capacity. (Assuming, in this case, that vehicles only have one engine.) However, EngineCapacity
VIN, is incorrect because there could be many vehicles with the same engine capacity.
This functional dependency may suggest that the attribute EngineCapacity be placed in a relation
with candidate key VIN. However, that may not always be appropriate. For example, if that
functional dependency occurs as a result of the transitive functional dependencies VIN
VehicleModel and VehicleModel

EngineCapacity then that would not result in a normalized relation. a

relation is in BOC normal form if all its determinant are candidate keys, in other words each
determinant can be used as a primary key. Because relation R has only one determinant (a, b, c),,
which is the composite primary, key and since the primary is a candidate key therefore R is in BOC
normal form.
Now R may or may not be in fourth normal form.
1. If R contains no multi value dependency then R will be in Fourth normal form.
2. Assume R has the following two-multi value dependencies:
a ------->> b and

a ---------->> c

In this case R will be in the fourth normal form if b and c dependent on each other. However if
b and c are independent of each other then R is not in fourth normal form and the relation has
to be projected to following two non-loss projections. These non-loss projections will be in fourth
normal form.

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Example:
Case 1:
Assume the following relation:
Employee (Eid:pk1, Language:pk2, Skill:pk3)
No multi value dependency, therefore R is in fourth normal form.

case 2:
Assume the following relation with multi-value dependency:
Employee (Eid:pk1, Languages:pk2, Skills:pk3)
Eid ---->> Languages

Eid ------>> Skills

Languages and Skills are dependent.

This says an employee speak several languages and has several skills. However for each skill
a specific language is used when that skill is practiced.

Eid

Language

S k ill

100

English

Teaching

100

Kurdish

Politic

100

French

cooking

200

English

cooking

200

Arabic

Singing

Thus employee 100 when he/she teaches speaks English but when he cooks speaks French.
This relation is in fourth normal form and does not suffer from any anomalies.
case 3:
Assume the following relation with multi-value dependency:
Employee (Eid:pk1, Languages:pk2, Skills:pk3)
Eid ---->> Languages
Languages and Skills are independent.

Eid ------>> Skills

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Eid

Language

S k ill

100

English

Teaching

100

Kurdish

Politic

100

English

politic

100

Kurdish

Teaching

200

Arabic

Singing

This relation is not in fourth normal form and suffers from all three types of anomalies.
Insertion anomaly: To insert row (200 English Cooking) we have to insert two extra rows
(200 Arabic cooking), and (200 English Singing) otherwise the database will be inconsistent.
Note the table will be as follow:
Eid

Language

S k ill

100

English

Teaching

100

Kurdish

Politic

100

English

politic

100

Kurdish

Teaching

200

Arabic

Singing

200

English

Cooking

200

Arabic

Cooking

200

English

Singing

Deletion anomaly: If employee 100 discontinue politic skill we have to delete two rows
(100 Kurdish Politic), and (100 English Politic) otherwise the database will be inconsistent.

Update anomaly: If employee 200 changes his skill from singing to dancing we have to make
changes in more than one place
The relation is projected to the following two non-loss projections which are in forth normal form

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Emplyee_Language(Eid:pk1, Languages:pk2)
Eid

Language

100

English

100

Kurdish

200

Arabic

Emplyee_Language(Eid:pk1, Skills:pk2)
Eid

S k ill

100

Teaching

100

Politic

200

Singing

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