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proposal
Proposed NRW Office at Maligakanda
NRW Office Building at Maligakanda is proposed under Greater Colombo Water and
Wastewater
Management
Improvement
Investment
Programme
(GCWWMIIP).
GCWWMIIP has been initiated by National Water Supply and Drainage Board
(NWSDB) with the financial support of Asian Development Bank (ADB) and
Government of Sri Lanka (GOSL) to provide better urban water supply services in an
effective and efficientmanner by reducing the Non-Revenue Water (NRW) in Colombo
city.
Proposed NRW Office Building is a seventh storied building, which is having 2912 m2
floor area. It is expected to carry out normal operation and maintenance works related to
NRW reduction detection and other NRW related activities within this office premises.
Solid waste is a huge problem in Colombo city not only at the disposal point but also at
the collection print this report explains how solid waste is going to be managed in the
proposed NRW Office building at Maligakanda.
2. Background
Solid waste management is a key factor for a cleaner city. Not only that it also minimises
environmental pollution, gives economic advantages and minimizes health impacts.
Proper waste management in office buildings improves efficiency of workers. It also
helps to reduce working stress and increasing quality of work.
Proposed NRW office has 178 Nos of staff requirement. NRW reduction works and leak
detection maintenance works are carried out in this office. Therefore it will generate nonhazardous solid waste, mainly paper waste and food waste from this office.
It is proposed to have several solid waste management techniques such as reducing waste,
reuse, waste separation, recycling... etc. to minimise the impact of solid waste.
Ground Floor
First Floor
Second Floor
Usage Type
Area (m2)
31
Stores
46
Tool Rooms
42
Toilets
26
Waiting Lobby
33
Parking
106
124
Instrument Stores
11.5
41
Office Space
157
18
Toilets
34
Waiting Lobby
13
82
Lobby
14
Instrument Stores
11
Office Space
183
13
18
Terrace
11
Toilets
34
Third Floor
Fourth Floor
Fifth Floor
Sixth Floor
82
Conference Room
40
Pantry
14
Instrument Stores
14
Lobby
14
Office Space
149
Toilet
38.7
86.5
Conference Room
40
Pantry
14
Lobby
14
Office Space
163
Toilet
38.7
86.5
Conference Room
40
Pantry
14
Lobby
14
Office Space
163
Toilet
38.7
86.5
Conference Room
40
Pantry
14
Lobby
14
Office Space
163
Toilet
38.7
86.5
4. Data used
Per Person waste Generation - 0.4 kg- 0.9 kg ( For Low income countries)
(Data extracted from the book Solid Waste Management-by Subhash AnandHead, Department of Geography, Swami Shaddhanand College, India)
Staff Category
No. of staff
Floor
Staff Category
No. of staff
Ground
Tool Ro0ms
Floor
Conference Room
Sub Total
10
Engineer (Civil)
Sociologist
Draftsman
Clerk
Manager
1
1
1
Fourth Floor
Engineer (Civil)
Assistant Engineers
10
25
CC & Clerk
Sub Total
48
Engineer (Civil)
Second
Assistant Engineers
Floor
M & E Engineer
Engineer (Randiya)
Clerical
10
Sub Total
28
Manager
Sub Total
Fifth Floor
23
Conference Room
Engineer (Civil)
Sub Total
23
Secretary (AGM)
Third
Conference Room
Floor
Engineer (Civil)
Sixth Floor
Conference Room
Engineer (Civil)
Accountant
Account Assistant
Account Clerk
Clerical
Sub Total
23
1
Sub Total
23
Total
178
considering the above data, following table was prepared considering the future developments
Table 03: Estimated occupants in the office
Floor
Ground floor
First floor
Second floor
Third floor
Fourth floor
Fifth floor
Sixth floor
Total
Number of people
15
58 including customers
38 including customers
33 including customers
33 including customers
33 including customers
33 including customers
243
Since this building is an operation & maintenance office following types of wastes will be
generated. Also considering the NWSDB experience, following percentages of waste are
expected.
Table 04: Percentage of waste generated in the building
Type of waste
Percentage (%)
Paper waste
20%
Food waste
60%
Construction
and
demolition 10%
waste
Metals
1%
Plastics
5%
Electronic waste
0.5%
Yard waste
3%
Other
0.5%
Paper Waste
Food waste
Construction
and
demolition waste
Percentage (%)
Waste Generation
per day (kg)
10%
70%
10%
12.15
85.05
12.15
Metals
Plastics
Electronic waste
1%
5%
0.50%
1.21
6.07
0.61
Yard waste
Electronic waste
Total
3%
0.50%
100%
3.64
0.61
121.5
Ground floor
In all the other floors separate bins will be provided to collect waste as follows.
Food waste
Paper waste
Plastics
Concerns about waste management are pretty much known to everyone. Organic wastes
like food stuff, dead organisms, and most of other wastes get degraded with time. Hence,
these wastes do not possess a long-term threat regarding the accumulation of waste.
However, when it comes to materials that do not get decomposed easily and it can take
millions of years to degrade; the threat posed by them is a severe issue to be thought
upon. Such wastes that take many years to degrade are known as non-biodegradable
wastes. Examples of such non-bio degradable wastes are the polyethylene bags, the
plastic materials, glass, metal, etc
According to the assumptions and calculations done in the heading no 5, results are as
follows.
Table 06: Non degradable waste generated in the building.
Type of waste
Waste
Generation
per day (kg)
Construction
and 12.15
demolition waste
Metals
Plastics
Electronic waste
1.21
6.07
0.61
.
10
Green Colour
Food
- Organic Waste
Paper
Blue Colour
- Paper
Red Colour
- Glass Bottles
Glass
Metal
Plastic
11
Waste can be separated into different elements in order to make its collection efficient.
Waste sorting can be done in many ways, including collection of waste at each room with
waste sorting facilities.
Basically, dry waste should be separated so it can be recycled while wet waste can be
composted or disposed to municipal solid waste collectors.
Here is a simple guide which is proposed to help segregate waste at office.
Dry Waste, also known as non-biodegradable waste, refers to anything that can be kept
for a long period of time without decomposing. Many of these wastes can be recycled.
Other example of dry waste, include:
Cardboard/ carton box, Glass, Metal Objects, Paper, Rubber, Tins.
These should be stored in dry waste bags/bins and handed over to collectors daily. It is
important to note the schedule of the collector which transport to recyclable locations for
picking up these items.
Wet waste refers to food waste. These can be quickly broken down by microorganisms in
the environment. It is also important to separate food waste from polythene or other type
of package waste.
Other examples of wet waste, include:
Fruit and Vegetable Peeling
Rotten Fruit and Vegetable
12
Flowers
Coffee/ Tea Powder Waste
Wet waste should not be mixed with any other waste and should be collected on a daily
basis. This waste shall be put in air-conditioned containers and temperature shall be
below 10 C.
Garden waste, including lawn trimmings, overgrown roots and fallen leaves will be
composted.
Biomedical waste refers to any material that has blood or other bodily fluids. Biomedical
waste, include:
Sanitary napkins
Disposable Diapers
Soiled Cotton
Waxing strips
Human hair/ Nails
Biomedical waste should be wrapped in old newspaper and marked with a red cross.
These should be collected daily.
Hazardous waste generated in the building is as follows.
Electronic waste
Batteries
Florescent lamps
Toxic substances
13
Cleaning agents
Oils
Paints
Solvents
14
15
Prevention
Minimise
Reuse
Recyling
Energy recovery
Disposal
Paper waste
Paper waste is one kind of waste which generates frequently in this office. Following
steps are followed to reduce paper waste.
Try to use both sides of a sheet of paper for printing, copying, writing and
drawing.
16
Reusing paper that's already printed on one side by manually feeding it into
copiers and printers. Using it for internal documents like drafts and short-lived
items such as meeting agendas or temporary signs.
Once-used paper can also be reused in plain paper fax machines since they
only need one clean side.
E-mail will be used to share documents and ideas. Instruction will be given to
print only the e-mails which need to have a hard copy. This advice goes for
Internet documents as well. Instead of printing a web page, bookmark it or save
the page on the hard drive and pull it up when needed.
Practice efficient copying use the size reduction feature offered on many
copiers. Two pages of a book or periodical can often be copied onto one standard
sheet.
Reuse old paper for notepads. It can be cut to custom sizes and simply bound
with a staple.
Plastic waste
Unless there is some kind of contamination crisis, plastic water bottles are an
easy target for reducing waste. Instead, keep a refillable bottle handy or use water
filters.
17
Plastic baggies, plastic wrap, and plastic storage containers are worth reevaluating. So all of the staff will be encouraged to use reusable storages for their
day to day requirements.
For Organization
Bring
products
reusable
or
refillable
training
manuals
information
and
available
electronically.
18
Redesigning
packaging
to
Recycleing
Recycling means separating, collecting, processing, marketing, and ultimately using a
material that would otherwise have been thrown away. Quality products and packaging
are being made from recycled materials that have been recovered from the waste stream.
We can all promote recycling by buying and using recycled products.
Some of the benefits of recycling are as follows
Recycling reduces air and water pollution/emissions associated with landfilling and
incineration.
Recycling conserves our natural resources such as timber, water, and minerals because it
reduces the need for raw materials.
19
Newspaper
It is most valued when separated from other paper types, but can be recycled as mixed
waste paper.
Glass
Color-separated
This includes all container glass that is separated into clear, green, and brown. This will
be sent for reducing agencies.
Mixed Color
This is same as color-separated glass except clear, green, and brown glass are mixed
together.
20
Plastic
There are 7 types of plastics that are identified by the Society of Plastics Industry (SPI)
code number ranging from 1 to 7. These numbers are usually found on the bottom of
plastic containers inside a three-arrow recycling symbol.
According to that suitable plastics for recycling shall be sorted and sell it.
10.
Only food wastes are storaged in air conditioned container as described above.
11.
Collect waste at each floor by cleaners and send it to main collection storage at
Ground Floor.
21
12.
Miscellaneous
computation
of
the
waste
stream
and
containerization.
Densities of wastes are mentioned in the table below.
(Source: www.epa.vic.gov.au)
Table 08: Densities of the waste generated in the building
Waste Material
Medium
Compacted
Paper
76
152
228
130
130
130
260
260
260
55
55
55
190
190
190
Cardboard -Waxed
55
92
130
Food -Kitchen
343
514
1029
Food -Dense
514
1029
1029
Vegetation -Garden
91
227
445
Garden -Grass
91
227
445
Garden -Trees
150
450
900
Foam
30
30
90
Tyres -Rubber
200
200
400
Other -Rubber
200
200
400
Glass
411
411
411
Glass Jars
250
250
411
Plastic bags
39
78
156
Plastic -Hard
72
72
72
Polystyrene
14
21
28
Garbage Bags
87
170
348
Metal -Ferrous
120
120
120
22
139
139
139
922
922
922
950
950
950
Rubble
1048
1048
1048
Clay
1150
1150
1150
Concrete
830
830
830
Tiles
900
1500
2000
Bricks
828
828
828
Sand
1000
1000
1000
Asphalt
680
680
680
Plasterboard
227
227
227
Linoleum
100
150
350
Insulation
60
100
350
Clinical Waste
227
227
227
Electronics
105
113
120
Batteries
900
1000
1500
Fluorescent Tubes
285
285
285
Sawdust
250
300
350
Cement Sheets
830
830
830
According to the densities, daily waste volumes are calculated. It is assumed that the waste are
medium compacted.
Table 09: Amounts of waste generated in the building.
Type of waste
Paper Waste
Food waste
Waste
Generation
per
day
(kg)
12.15
85.05
Waste Density
( kg/m3)
152
514
Waste
Generation
volume per day
(liter)
79.98
165.54
23
Construction
and 12.15
demolition waste
828
14.68
Metals
Plastics
Electronic waste
1.21
6.07
0.61
120
170
113
10.08
35.92
5.42
Yard waste
Other
Total
3.64
0.61
220
16.51
328.13
24
25
Waste
Waste
Generation
Collection
volume per day period
(liter)
(day)
Paper Waste
79.98
3
Food waste
165.54
2
Construction and 14.68
5
demolition waste
Waste
accumulation
(litre)
239.94
331.08
73.40
Volume of No
of
waste
Dustbins
bucket
required
(litre)
45
6 Nos
45
8 Nos
45
2 Nos
Metals
Plastics
Electronic waste
10.08
35.92
5.42
15
5
15
151.2
179.60
81.20
45
45
45
4 Nos
4 Nos
2 Nos
Yard waste
16.51
82.55
45
2 Nos
26
Food
Paper
Constructi
Metals
Waste
Waste
on Waste
Ground
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Floor
(2 Nos)
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
First
Yes
Yes
No
Floor
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
Second
Yes
Yes
Floor
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
Third
Yes
Yes
Floor
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
Forth
Yes
Yes
Floor
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
Fifth
Yes
Yes
Floor
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
Sixth
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Floor
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
Plastics
E-
Yard
Glass
Waste
Waste
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
(1Nos)
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
No
No
Yes
Yes
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
No
Yes
(1 Nos)
No
No
Yes
Yes
(1 Nos)
(1 Nos)
No
Yes
(1 Nos)
27
13.
Implementation Programme
Keep Dusbins at each room (with sorting facilities)
28
29