Documente Academic
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Assignment: PGPM 11
Principles & Practices of
Management
Submitted By
Harmeet Singh
Registration No
216-02-31-12603-2172
Submitted to
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Assignment Title:
Your company has bagged a lucrative contract to construct a housing colony for an
Industrial Group to be located in Western Maharashtra in coastal belt. You as a
Project Manager have been asked by the company to evolve organization structure
with the following conditions;
Organization should be as lean and thin as possible with bare minimum of
personnel on company roll up to Junior Engineer level.
All supervisor to down below will be temporary for project duration only to
be recruited locally from 100 km radius
Suggest & discuss an organization structure denoting responsibility, authority,
communication control for all facts of construction work & management function as
visualized by you.
Housing Colony consists of 10 bungalows for senior executives, 20 apartments in
five buildings, 100 dwellings for white collar workers and 300 dwellings for blue
collared workers.
Colony will have marker and entertainment complex.
Table of Contents
Scope of Work / Overview..................................................................................... 4
1.
1.1.
2.
2.1.
Planning......................................................................................................... 5
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2.2.
Organizing...................................................................................................... 5
2.3.
Staffing.......................................................................................................... 6
2.4.
Leading.......................................................................................................... 7
2.5.
Controlling..................................................................................................... 7
3.
3.1.
Document Control.......................................................................................... 11
3.2.
4.
4.1.
4.1.1.
Planning department................................................................................... 13
4.1.2.
4.1.3.
4.1.4.
4.1.5.
4.1.6.
Billing Department...................................................................................... 15
4.1.7.
Services Department.................................................................................... 15
4.1.8.
4.1.9.
Administration department...........................................................................16
Recommendations............................................................................................. 17
5.
5.1.
5.1.1.
Owners Team............................................................................................ 19
5.1.2.
Contractors Team...................................................................................... 19
6.
1.
Bibliography / Readings...................................................................................... 27
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2.
Functions
The functions of manager provide a useful structure for organizing management
knowledge. Usually functions can be defined in classification of planning, organizing,
staffing, leading and controlling.
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2.1.Planning
Planning involves selecting the missions and objectives as well as the actions to
achieve then. It requires decision making, which means choosing a future course of
action from among alternatives. Planning and controlling are closely interrelated.
There are many types of plans, such as missions or purposes, objectives or goals,
strategies, policies, procedure, rules, program and budget. After bagging this large
scale project an integrated planning is required to complete this project successfully.
Phase wise planning plays an important role to achieve target successfully. Entire
project will be sub divided in to sub project and also it will be further subdivided
zone wise to facilitate work. Short range plan must be co-ordinate with long period
plan.
Objectives are end points towards which activities are aimed. Objectives are
verifiable if it is possible, at the end of the period, to determine they have been
accomplished. Objectives form a hierarchy, starting from corporate missions or
purposes going down to individual goals. Managers can best determine the number
of objectives they should realistically set for themselves by analyzing the nature of
the jobs and how much they can do themselves and how much the relative
importance of each of their goal.
Without planning, it is not possible to achieve the desire goals. Planning involves the
formulation of what is to be done, how, when and where it is to be done and who is
to do it and then to evaluate and result. As it is preliminary activity, planning results
in the development of framework within which co-coordinating, motivating and
controlling can be undertaken.
2.2.Organizing
Another function of the management is to organize the business. Proper and sound
organization is the bases of success of every industry and manages. It is often said
that good people can make any organization pattern work. However there can be no
doubt that people can work together most effectively if they have a clear
understanding of their role in the organization and the way their roles relate with
their co-workers.
The purpose of organizing is to aid in making objectives meaningful and to
contribute to organizational efficiency. An organizational structure is effective, if it
is to aid the accomplishment of enterprise objectives with a minimum of unsought
consequences or costs and it is enables individuals to contribute to enterprise
objectives. The basic cause of organization structure is the limitation of span of
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2.3.Staffing
Staffing means filling positions in the organization structure. It involves identifying
work-force requirements, making inventory of the people resume and recruiting,
selecting, placing promoting, apprising, planning the careers, compensating and
training people.
In the system approach of staffing, enterprise and organization plans become
important input for staffing tasks. The number and quality of managers required to
carry out crucial tasks depend on many different factors. One major step in staffing
is to determine the people available by making a management inventory, which can
be done in the form of an inventory chart.
Good results can be achieved through a systematic approach to manager
development and training. On the job training includes planned progression, job
rotation, creation of' assistant to' position, temporary promotions, use of committees
and junior boards. Manager development may include a variety of internal and
external training programs. The selection process may include interviews various
tests and the use of assessment centers to avoid dissatisfaction and employee
turnover, companies must ensure that new employees are introduced to and
integrated with other persons in the organization.
2.4.Leading
Leading is the process of influencing people so that they will contribute to
organization and group goals. While working toward goes, a manager must take into
account the dignity of the person. Motivation is not a single concept, rather it
pertains to various drives but it is more to blend them properly so as sustain group
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performance and satisfaction, desires, needs, wishes and other force. Manager
motivate by providing an environment that induces organization members to
contribute.
Leadership is an interpersonal influence process among a group of people organized
formally or informally, for purposes of meeting and maintaining certain group
values and interests. One or more persons in the group may assume the role of
influencing the group activities and attitudes while the others follow. Those who
assume the leadership role exercise influence power and sometimes even authority
over follower in those areas in which the groups interests are involved.
In relation to their followers in the group, leader performs several roles. They
assemble their followers into a coherent unit. They set up clarity and enforce group
goals, values and norms. They activate and control group tasks and channel group
energies into meaningful directions. Good leaders are both task oriented and people
oriented. They seek to direct group activities toward high productivity and
satisfaction. Task orientation involves defining group goals and standers,
establishing task structures, assigning role and duties to followers.
2.5.Controlling
The managerial function of controlling is the measurement and correction of
performance in order to ensure that enterprise objectives and the plans devised to
attain them are being accomplished. It is function of every manager, from president
to supervisor.
Control techniques and systems are basically the same regardless of what being
controlled. Where it is found and whenever is being controlled, the basic control
process involve three steps
Establishing standers
Measuring performance against these standards and
Correcting variations from standers and plans.
There are different kinds of standards and all should point out simple feedback
system similar to a common household thermostat. However no matter how quickly
information is available on what is occurring. There are unavoidable delays in
analyzing deviations, developing plans for taking corrective action and
implementing these programs. In order to overcome these time lags in control, it is
suggested that manager utilize a feed forward control approach and not rely on
single feedback alone.
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Overall controls are financial, one of which is profit and loss control. Another is
exercise of control through calculating and comparing return on investment. This
approach is based on the idea that profit should be considered not as an absolute
measure but as a return on the capital employed in a business or a segment of it. The
management audit has also been used as a control device. Now a days computers
are extensively used, their impact on managers at various organizational levels
differs, as some managers still resist on their use.
If controls are to work, they must be specially tailored to plans and positions, to
individual managers, and to the needs for efficiency and effectiveness. To be
effective, control also should be designed to point up exceptions at critical pints, to
be objective, to be flexible, to fit the organization culture, to be economical, and to
lead to corrective action.
All above mentioned functions manager should know, they should also know the
three basic terms and should properly deal with those terms. These three terms are
Responsibility
Authority and
Delegating authority.
Above discussed are the main functions of management procedure, but looking
towards our project we have to use during completion of our goal.
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Estimation work
Plot cleaning
Site Mobilization
o Site establishment
o Labor colony development
o Mobilization of Plant & machinery
Construction work
o Shell & core
o Finishing and interior work
Services work- Plumbing, electrical , fire fighting
Billing work
Landscaping work
Quality control work
Safety work
Cleaning and handover work
Store and material stacking work
Administrative work
3.
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Communication is important for the internal functioning of the organization and for
interaction with external environment. Communication is the transfer of information
from a sender to a receiver, with the information being understood by the receiver. The
receiver decodes the messages and gains an understanding of what the sender wants to
communicate. Thus in turn may results in some changes or action.
Purpose of communication
Communication is essential for the internal functioning of enterprise because it
integrates the managerial function. Especially communication is required.
To establish and determine the goals of an enterprise
To develop plans for their achievement
To organize human and other resources in the most effective and efficient way.
To select develop and apprise members of the organization
To lead, direct and motivate and create a climate in which people want to
contribute
In an organization managers should have the information necessary for doing a good
job. The information may flow not only upward or downward in the organization
structure but also horizontally or diagonally. Communication can be in written form,
but more information is communicated orally. In addition people communicate
through gesture and facial expression.
Barriers and breakdowns in the communication process hinder communication.
Recognizing these barriers and listening facilitate not only understanding but also
managing. Electronic media can improve communication as by teleconferencing and
application of computers, two of many approaches to handling the increasing amount
of information in organizations and coping with the trend of globalization.
Flow of communication
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4.
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continuous aware of this activities and tight up their knuckle down to this activities.
Motivation ought to provide by different means at different phase of the project to
each entity of the organization structure.
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Quantity in this department all types of skilled labor and supervisor like plumber,
electrician, mechanic, welder is working under supervision of junior engineer and
junior engineer are directly report to the services engineer
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5.
Recommendations
Management of the project will be implemented through an integrated project team
comprising personnel from three organizations as follows:
Owner / Employer
Engineers / Consultants
Contractor
It is considered that project team members from the Contractor and Engineers will be
full-time whilst the owners representative(s) may be full-time or part-time.
In order to achieve successful project completion, other specialist personnel or
organizations may supplement the project team on an as-required basis.
The project team will be located in a dedicated project office at the site
The Project is divided into the six sectors namely Sector I , II, III, IV, V & VI
Sector I 10 Bungalow for the senior executives.
Sector II 20 Apartment in five building.
Sector III 100 Dwellings for the white color workers.
Sector IV 300 Dwellings for the Blue color workers.
Sector V Market & Entertainment Complex.
Sector VI Roads & landscaping work.
Manpower availability & disbursement in the proximity of the construction site should
be analyzed. Skilled and unskilled workers belonging to different categories mainly
mason, shuttering carpenters, steel fixers, finishing carpenters, plumbers, electrician,
painters, carpenters, Ducting workers & helpers are to be recruited locally.
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Sr. No
Job Title
No
Project Manager
Project Coordinator
Quantity Surveyors
10
Cost Control
11
Planning Engineer
12
13
14
15
16
17
Supervisors
38
18
Administrative Staff/Secretary/Clerks
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Responsible for overall execution of the project within the given time, assured
quality & budget constraints.
Oversees and reviews progress of the work on a daily basis.
Manages and reviews safety and environmental performance on a daily basis.
Reports on progress, all aspects of project delivery (including time and cost),
project issues, and incidents to the higher management.
Manages contractual issues.
Manage industrial relations on the project site.
Negotiation & purchase of the major materials & finalizing them according to
the requirement of the client.
Ensures the personnel under his control are adequately experience or trained to
enable them to carry out their duties.
Ensures timely submission of monthly interim bills and follow up their
certification and payment.
Attending the meeting with the client and evaluate the progress of the site
activities.
Project coordinator
Implements and oversees the works on a daily basis.
Prepares and monitors detailed resource plans and schedules.
Requisitions, allocates and maintains resources.
Determines, in collusion with the Construction Manager, work packaging and
methodology.
Implements and audits all safety, environmental and quality requirements for
the work.
Manages sub-contractors.
Coordination with the internal department in connection with execution of the
project.
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Ensures all quantities for completed work are verified and recorded
Reports on all aspects of site progress, site issues and incidents to the
Construction Manager
Manages daily site industrial relations
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Quantity Surveyors
Tender Evaluation and preparation of tender evaluation reports recommending
the prospective subcontractor.
Check the contract document prior to signature of the Managing Director.
Prepare the forecast of rate of spend giving dates & amounts.
Coordinates with engineers on expenditure of prime cost sum.
Prepare financial reports at the time interim valuation.
Prepare claims for increase in cost of labor, material etc.
Measure project and value at the contract rates.
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Planning Engineer
Coordination with concerned departments for timely approval of various
materials involved.
Compiling the tender and master programs and obtaining approval from clients.
Monitoring and updating the master programs.
Identify deviations and problematic areas in project.
Analyze the updated and highlighting the areas of concern and slippages.
Recommending the solution for the areas of concern and slippages.
Updating manpower actual v/s Planned.
Preparing of weekly and monthly progress reports
Validate time extension
Coordinate day to day activities with project manager & construction manager
to ensure timely handover of the projects.
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Accumulating and compiled data to prepare the update of the project, progresscurves, performance reports, resource, manpower
Close out report and Historical data preparation
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Site Engineers
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To carry out all the activities as per the drawings & specifications with all
quality standards.
Execution of activities as per the program and highlighting delay if any at right
time.
Highlighting drawing discrepancies to Project Engineers.
Leading a team of supervisors to carry out their duties and responsibilities.
Ensuring optimum utilization of manpower and material.
Ensure safety of construction work.
Supervision of execution of works.
Supervisors
Supervisors will be responsible for the activities and will ensure that completed
work will only be released if it is of the required quality and as per the related
specification and drawings.
Provides day to day support to the site Engineer principally for project control,
Labor report, work competed, Material order.
Giving instruction to team of skilled & unskilled workers.
To ensure that Gang leader is aware of the job requirements and that they have
enough information to carry out their duties properly.
Supervision of execution of works.
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6.
Bibliography / Readings
Koontz H &Weihrich H. Management (11th) A global perspective, Tata
Mcgrow Hill publications
Management in organization- NICMAR text book
Economics and
(NiraliPrakashan)
management
in
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engineering-
Pathak
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civil