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Recapitulate
Postulates of Special
Theory of Relativity
1. Laws of Physics are same in all
inertial frames of references. No
preferred inertial frame exists.
2. The speed of light c is same in all
inertial frames.
Prof. Shiva Prasad, Department of Physics, IIT Bombay
Galilean Transformation
Direct Transformation
x =
x vt , y ' =
y, z ' =
z
t' = t
Inverse Transformation
x=
x + vt , y =
y , z =
z
t = t
Prof. Shiva Prasad, Department of Physics, IIT Bombay
Velocity Transformation
ux =
ux v, uy =
uy uz =
uz
Galilean
Transformation and
second Postulate
We now show that Galilean
transformation is not consistent
with the second postulate.
We shall also show that
simultaneity of events is also
relative under second postulate.
Prof. Shiva Prasad, Department of Physics, IIT Bombay
Example 1
Classical Treatment of a pulse of light
y
x O
O
z
S
x
10
11
= 480 m
12
= 120 m
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ux
0.6
10
m/s
6
2 10
360
8
=
=
uy
1.8 10 m/s
6
2 10
uz = 0
Prof. Shiva Prasad, Department of Physics, IIT Bombay
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u =
2
2
2
8
ux + uy + uz 1.9 10 m/s
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Example 2
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S
c
v
c
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According to S
Both events are simultaneous, i.e.,
they occur at the same time which is
given as follows:
L
t =
2c
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According to S
The two events again would have
turned out to be simultaneous, if we
had used the classical velocity
transformation formula as in the case
of balls.
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Time
Time is often related to the
simultaneity of two events.
We have just seen that
simultaneity also depends on frame
under the second postulate.
Probably we have a reason to
believe that
t t
Prof. Shiva Prasad, Department of Physics, IIT Bombay
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Lorentz Transformation
We start afresh collecting all the
clues that we have.
We do not derive but only give
some arguments.
Actual test lies in experimental
verification.
Prof. Shiva Prasad, Department of Physics, IIT Bombay
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S
O
S
O
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0
C=
C=
C=
This gives us C=
1
2
3
4
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=
x Bxx ( x vt )
y = Byy y
z = Bzz z
=
t Btx x + Bty y + Btz z + Btt t
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=
x Bxx ( x vt )
y = Byy y
z = Bzz z
=
t Btx x + Btt t
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Summary
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