9/15/2016

VehicleElectricalSystemMATLAB&SimulinkExampleMathWorksIndia

VehicleElectricalSystem
Thisexampleshowshowtosimulatetheelectricalsystemofavehicle
usingSimulinkandSimscapePowerSystems.

Thisexamplealsouses:
SimscapePowerSystems

OpenModel

Figure1:Thevehicleelectricalsystem.

SystemComponents
Thesystemsimulatedconsistsofthefollowingcomponentparts:
AseparatelyexcitedDCmotorwithconstantfieldexcitation.ThearmatureissuppliedfromaDCsourcevoltage
(batterynominalvoltage240V)andseeingthatthefieldexcitation,andhencecurrent,iskeptconstantthemotor
speedisdirectlyproportionaltotheappliedarmaturevoltage.Thisarrangementsimulatestheengineofthecar,which
drivesthealternator(synchronousgenerator)viaabeltandpulleymechanism.Asthedriveraccelerates,theengine
speedchangesasdoesthespeedofrotationofthealternator.Thereforetosimulateachangeinenginespeed,the
armaturevoltageoftheDCmotorischanged.
TheDCmotoroutputpower(productofmotortorqueandangularspeed,w)isfedintothesynchronousmachineblock
asaninput.
Thealternatorisa3phasesynchronousgeneratorwithitsfieldcurrentregulatedtogivecontrolovertheoutput
voltage.ThisissimulatedbyusingtheSimplifiedSynchronousMachinemodel.
The3phaseACoutputofthealternatorisfedintothe6pulserectifiertogivetheDCvoltagerequiredtochargethe
carbatteryandtosupplythebalanceoftheelectricalsystemofthecar.

OperationoftheSystem

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9/15/2016

VehicleElectricalSystemMATLAB&SimulinkExampleMathWorksIndia

TheDCvoltagemustbekeptconstantsothatthelightsdonotdimwhenotherloadsareswitchedon,forexample:
thestartermotororwindscreenwipermotor.Likewise,iftheA/Cfanmotorisrunningandthelightsareswitchedon
thefanmotormustnotslowdown.
ToensuretheDCvoltageremainsconstant,evenwhentheenginespeedchangesorwhenadditionalelectricalloads
areswitchedon,itisnecessarytofeedbacktheDCbusvoltageandregulatethealternatorgeneratedACvoltage
accordingly.Thefollowingeventswillhelpillustratethisoperation:

Speedvariation:Whilethesimulationisrunning,reducetheinputDCbatteryvoltagefrom240tosay150V.When
thesimulationisover,displaytheDCbusvoltageandthespeedwoftheDCmotor.Itisseenthatthespeed
changes,butthereisnochangeintheDCbusvoltage.

Loadvariation:Whilethesimulationisrunning,changethevalueoftheloadresistorconnectedacrosstheDC
busbar.DisplaytheDCbusvoltageandcurrent.Thecurrentchangeswiththeload,butthevoltageremains
constant(asitshould).

Toillustratethatthevoltageregulatoronthealternatorisoperating,changetheconstantonthesecondsummer
(theonewiththetwo+vesigns)whilethesimulationisrunning.DisplaytheACandDCvoltagesandtheywillshow
thechanges.

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