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manishkulhari@gmail.comCP2073 - Networking
Introduction
What is Wide Area Networking?
How Internet access works
Types of telecommunications services
How to determine Internet access needs
Steps in implementing a WAN connection
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WANs (2)
Characteristics are:
Connections are low bandwidth, with speeds from 56kbps to 2Mbps
A single Wan connection is shared by all devises on the LAN
(bottleneck) sometimes a second link is installed for the sake of
redundancy
WANs cover a large geographical area
WAN technologies include Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP),
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), ISDN, DSL, dial-up access
and Frame Relay
WAN devices include routers, modems and WAN switches
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Computer
Modem
Telephone Exchange
Internet
Switch
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Modem
Modem
Telephone Exchange
Multichannel Trunk
Multiplexer
Modem
Dial-up
Server
Modem
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Telecommunications Services
Circuit Switching
Creates channels as required
Essentially for voice data
Passive
Packet Switching
Transfer of data between two points over a shared medium
Sends packets across the network using the best path
Burst-like in nature an efficient solution
Cost is based upon usage
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WAN Technologies
Point-to-Point Protocol
Advantages
Well tested and implemented
Offers excellent throughput
Supports most network protocols
Simple to implement
Disadvantages
Less flexible for rapidly expanding multiple sites
Expensive
Requires dedicated leased lines
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ISDN
Touted as the solution to residential and SMEs in the 80s as
a means of providing integrated data/voice
Due to costs has not been widely adopted
Advantages
Runs on existing phone lines
Supports voice, data and fax on one line
Good for video conferencing
Disadvantages
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Comparatively expensive
Only provides 128K can go up in multiples
Less flexible for growth and cost than other WAN technologies
Not available everywhere
Can be difficult to implement
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New technology
Best option for Residential/SME customers
Asymmetrical DSL (ADSL) and Symmetrical DSL
Advantages
Disadvantages
New means has yet to establish a reliability track record
Not available everywhere BT have introduced satellite broadband (at a a
price !)
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Disadvantages
Not available in all areas
Shared medium speeds can drop
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Frame Relay
Introduced in 1992
Communicates faster than X.25 (because it does not have error
correction)
Advantages
Widely adopted, International
High Capacity switched core offers scalability
Flexible, allows expansion and growth
Disadvantages
Minimal error correction
Connection-oriented service, can cause latency on slow links
Expensive
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Plan
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