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All About F
After going through this module, you are expected to use special products and
factoring to solve problems on
number relations
areas and dimensions of rectangles, squares and triangles
Start
Yes
Is your score
80% or
above?
No
Study this module
factoring formulas, the formulas for areas and dimensions of rectangle, square, and triangle:
and the properties of equality.
You refer to the previous module for the special product and factoring formulas.
Lets recall the properties of equality.
PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY
For any real numbers a, b and c
Reflexive: a = a
Symmetric: If a=b, then b=a
Exploration
Transitive: 1
If a=b and b=c, then a=c
Addition Property of Equality (APE): If a = b, then a + c = b + c
Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE): If a = b, then ac = bc
Zero Property for Multiplication: ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0
b. 6 and 7
c. 7 and 8
d. 8 and 9
2. In a school audio-visual room, the number of seats in each row is 4 more than the
number of rows. The audio-visual room sits 60 persons. How many seats are there
in each row?
a. 16
b. 14
c. 12
d. 10
3. The length of a rectangular field is 12 m longer than its width. The area of the field
is 108 sq m. What is its width?
a. 4 m
b. 5 m
c. 6 m
d. 7 m
4. The height of a triangle is one more than thrice its base. What is the height of the
triangle if the area is 15 sq cm.?
a. 7 cm
b. 10 cm
c. 13 cm
d. 16 cm
b. 8
c. 9
d. 10
Exploration
In this lesson, you will learn to solve problems about number relations. It is
worthwhile to recall the elements of the set of counting numbers, whole numbers, and
integers.
Counting numbers= {1, 2, 3, . . .}
Whole numbers= {0, 1, 2, 3, . . .}
Integers= { . . ., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .}
Consider the problem below. Read the problem carefully and understand the method
of solving it.
Problem 1. The square of a counting number is 98 less than twice the square of the next
consecutive counting number. What are the numbers?
To solve the problem, determine the following:
Unknown:
Known:
Representation:
Equation:
x2
2(x + 1)2 98
Solve:
x2 = 2(x + 1)2 98
x2 = 2(x2 + 2x + 1) 98
x2 = 2x2 + 4x + 2 98
x2 = 2x2 + 4x 96
2x2 + 4x 96 = x2
2x2 + (-x2) + 4x 96 = x2 + (-x2)
x2 + 4x 96 = 0
(x 8)(x + 12) = 0
x 8 = 0; x + 12 = 0
x = 8; x = -12
Square of a binomial
Distributive Property
Combine 2 and - 98
Symmetric Property
Addition Property of Equality
Inverse Property for Addition
Factoring trinomial ax2 + bx + c; a = 1
Zero Property for Multiplication
Is the square of the first counting number(8) equals 98 less than twice the
square of the next counting number (9)?
x2 ? 2(x + 1)2 98
82 ? 2(9)2 98
64 ? 2 (81) 98
64 ? 162 9
64 =64
Its Correct!
Read the problem below. This time you will be required to answer questions as
you read and solve the problem.
Problem 2. The square of a number decreased by 36 is equal to 64. Find the numbers.
a number
the square of the number decreased by 36 is 64
x2 36 = 64
x2 36 = 64
x2 36 64 = 0
x2 100 = 0
(1) _________________________
x2 102 = 0
(x 10)(x + 10) = 0
x 10 = 0 ; x + 10 = 0
(2)___________________________
x = 10 ; x = -10
Therefore, the numbers are 10 and -10.
x2 36 = 64
for x 10; (-10)2 36 ? 64
100 36 ? 64
64 = 64
64 = 64
Solve: x(x+2) = 24
x2 + 2x = 24
x2 + 2x 24= 0
(x+6) (x 4) = 0
Distributive property
APE
Factoring
x = -6 and x = 4
x = -6 is rejected since you are looking for positive numbers.
Therefore, the numbers are x= 4 and x +2 = 6.
Check:
Is their difference 2?
6-4 = 2
YES
Is their product 24?
6(4) = 24
YES
Hence, the answers are correct since they satisfied the conditions in the
problem.
Self-check 1
Exploration
8
In this lesson, you will learn to solve problems involving area and dimensions of a
square.
Let us recall the definition, parts and formula to find the area of a square.
Representation:
Equation:
144 = x2
144 = x2
x2 = 144
2
x 144 = 0
x2 122 = 0
(x 12)(x + 12) = 0
x 12 = 0 ; x + 12 = 0
A = s2
Solve:
x = 12 ; x = -12
x = -12 is rejected for there is no negative linear measurement.
Therefore, the side of the square lot is 12 m.
Check :
Read and understand the problem below. You need to fill up the missing parts in the
solution.
Problem 2. The side of a square is increased by 3. What is its area in terms of x?
x
x=3
A= x2
A= ?
A = (x+3)2
A = x2 + 4x + 4
10
Self-check 2
Exploration
Area of a Rectangle
Area = length times width: A= lw
11
Consider the problem below. Read the problem carefully and follow the method of
solving it.
Problem 1. A photograph is 8 cm wide and 12cm long. The length and the width are
increased by an equal amount in order to double the area of the photograph.
What are the dimensions of the new photograph?
To solve the problem, determine the
Unknown:
Known:
Area = lw
Substitute = 8cm (12), thus
Area = 96 sq m
12 cm
A = 96 sq cm
Representation:
Equation:
12 + x
A = 2(96)
8 cm
8+ x
(8 + x) (12 + x) = 2(96)
96 + 20x + x2 = 192
x2 + 20x + 96 = 192
x2 + 20x + 96 192 = 0
x2 + 20x 96 = 0
(x + 24)(x 4) = 0
x + 24 = 0 ; x 4 = 0
A = LW
FOIL Method
Commutative Property
Inverse Property
Combined 96 - 192
x = -24 ; x = 4
x = -24 is rejected
If x = 4:
8 + x = 8 + 4 = 12 cm
12
12 + x = 12 + 4 = 16 cm
Are the dimensions of the new photograph double the area of the given
photograph?
12(16)
2(96)
192 = 192
Its correct!
Representation:
x2
(x + 2)2
= 130
= 130
x2 + (x + 2)2 = 130
x + (x2 + 4x + 4) = 130
2x2 + 4x + 4 130 = 0
2x2 + 4x 126 = 0
2 (x2 + 2x 63) = 0
Equation:
13
Square of a binomial
Addition Property of Equality
Combine 4 130
Factor out common monomial factor
2 (x + 9) (x 7) = 0
x + 9 = 0; x 7 = 0
x = -9 rejected; x = 7
x = 7 m is the width
x + 2 = 7 + 2 = 9 m is the length
Therefore, the floor of the classroom measures 7 m by 9 m.
Check :
Its correct!
You have noticed that negative solutions for problems involving linear measurement
are rejected because negative value does not make any sense as far as linear
measurement is concern.
Self-check 3
Exploration
Area of a triangle
Area = one-half the product of its base and height:
1
bh
2
Read and understand the procedure of solving the problem that follows.
Problem 1. The height of a triangular flag is twice its base. The area of the flag is 81 sq cm.
Find the base and the height.
2x
x
15
Equation: 81 = (x)(2x)
1
bh
2
81 = x2
x2 = 81
x2 81 = 0
(x 9)(x + 9) = 0
x9=0;x+9=0
x = 9 ; x = -9
Solve:
x = 9 cm is the base
2x = 2(9) = 18 cm is the height
Therefore, the base and height of the flag are 9 cm and 18 cm respectively.
Check:
1
(9)18 81
2
YES
Now you are ready to solve the problem below completely. Try it.
Problem 2. The height of a triangular garden is equal to its base. The area covered by the
garden is 50 sq m. How long is the base of the garden?
x
50 sq m
x
16
Equation: 50 = (x)(x)
1
bh
2
Solve:
50 = (x)(x)
50 = x2
2(50) = 2(1/2x2)
100 = x2
2
x 100 = 0
(x 10)(x + 10) = 0
x 10 = 0 ; x + 10 = 0
x = 10 ; x = -10 is rejected
x = 10 m is the base
Therefore, the base of the triangle is 10 m long.
Check:
(10)(10)
100
50 ?
2
50 = 50
17
Self-check 4
Look back!
Special products and factoring techniques are important tools for
solving equations. These mathematical methods provide you with
patterns that can be used in solving practical problems. Number
relations and finding dimensions of enclosed figures are just few of the
many problem situations that need mathematical manipulation.
18
c. 11
d. 12
2. The length of a corridor is four times its width. Its area is 100 sq m. How
long is the corridor?
a. 5m
b. 10m
c. 20m
d. 100m
3. The area of a square glass top is 4m 2. What is the length of one side of
the glass top?
a. 1m
b. 2m
c. 3m
d. 4m
4. One number is 3 less than the other. The sum of the number multiplied
by the larger equals 35. What is the smaller number?
a. 5
b. 4
c. 3
d. 2
5. The height of a triangle is three more than twice the base. The area of
the triangle is 45 sq units. What is the height of the triangle?
a. 15
b. 12
c. 3
d. 2
Answer Key
Pretest page 3
1. a
2. d
3. c
4. b
5. c
19
page 11
1.
64 = x2
x2 = 64
x2 64 = 0
x2 82 = 0
(x 8)(x + 8) = 0
x 8 = 0; x + 8 = 0
x = 8 ; x = -8 rejected
Therefore, the side of the bulletin board is 8 ft.
169 = x2
x2 = 169
2
x 169 = 0
x2 132 = 0
(x 13)(x + 13) = 0
x 13 = 0; x + 13 = 0
x = 13 ; x = -13 rejected
Therefore, the field has a side of 13 m.
2.
1. x(x + 3) = 40
x2 + 3x 40 = 0
( x + 8)(x 5) = 0
x+8=0;x5=0
x = -8; x = 5
x = -8 is rejected
x = 5 m is the width
x + 3 = 8 m is the length
Therefore, the rectangle measures 5 m by 8 m.
2. 2x(2x + 5) = 3x(2x)
4x2 + 10x = 6x2
6x2 = 4x2 + 10x
6x2 4x2 10x = 0
2x2 10x = 0
2x(x 5) = 0
2x = 0 ; x 5 = 0
x = 0; x = 5
x = 0 is rejected
x = 5 m is the width
2x = 2 x 5 = 10 m is the length
Therefore, the corridor is 5 m wide and 10 metres long.
Lesson 4 Exploration 4 and Self-Check 4
page 18
1. (x)(3x) = 24
3x2/2 = 24
2(3x2/2) = 2(24)
3x2 = 48
2
3x 48 = 0
3 (x2 16) = 0
3(x 4)(x + 4) = 0
3 = 0; x 4 = 0; x + 4 = 0
x = 4; x = -4 is rejected
x = 4 units is the base
3x = 3(4) = 12 units is the height
Therefore, the base and height of the triangle are 4 and 12 respectively.
2. (1/2 x )(x) = 25
x2/4 = 25
4(x2/4) = 4(25)
x2 = 100
x2 100 = 0
(x 10)(x + 10) = 0
x 10 = 0; x + 10 = 0
x = 10; x = -10 is rejected
21
x = 10 m is the height
x = (10) = 5 m is the base
Therefore, the base and height of the pond are 5 m and 10 m respectively.
Posttest page 19
1. b
2. c
3. b
4. d
5. a
END OF MODULE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fuller, Gordon. (1977). College algebra. 4th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Company.
22
Leithold, Louis. (1989). College algebra. USA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
Mckeague, C.P. (1990). Intermediate slgebra: A text/workbook. 3rd ed. USA: Harcourt
Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
23