Chapter 9 : Thermochemistry

( Write the thermochemical equations)

Enthalpy of formation NaCl = 411.3 kJ mol-1
Enthalpy of atomization of Mg= +148.0 kJ mol-1
Ionization energy of Na = + 495.4 kJ mol-1
Enthalpy of atomization of H = +218 kJ mol-1
Electron affinity of Cl = 348.8 kJ mol-1
Lattice energy of NaCl = -787 kJ mol-1kJ mol-1

Calorimetry
No
Question
1 How much energy is required to heat a
Styrofoam cup from 28.0oC to 35.5oC, if its heat
capacity is 46.8 J K-1?
[351 J]
2

A bomb calorimeter has a heat capacity of 8.10

kJ oC-1, when a 0.26g sample of acetylene, C2H2,
was combusted in this calorimeter, its
temperature increased by 1.6oC. Determine the
energy required to burn 1 mole of acetylene.
[1296 kJ mol-1]

When dissolved in water, 1.00 mole LiCl

produces 37.2 kJ of heat. What is the final
temperature when 5.00 g of LiCl dissolves in
110.0 g of water at 20.0oC ? The solution
produced has a specific heat capacity of 4.00 Jg 1o -1
C .
[29.9 oC]

Answer

When 1.10 g ethanol (CH3CH2OH), was burned,

the heat transferred to 250 mL water contained
in a copper beaker, caused the temperature to
increase by 27.5oC. Calculate the enthalpy of
combustion per mole of ethanol.
Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.20 Jg-1oC-1.
Density solution = 1.0 g/mL
[-1208 kJ/mol]

5.

A 50.0 mL sample of 0.40 M copper(II) sulphate

solution at 23.35oC is mixed with 50.0 mL of
0.60 M sodium hydroxide solution, also at
23.35oC, in the coffe-cup calorimeter which heat
capacity is 24 J/oC. After the reaction occurs, the
temperature of the resulting mixture is measured
to be 25.23oC. The density of the final solution is
1.02 g/mL. Calculate the amount the heat
evolved. The specific heat of the solution is
4.184 J/goC.
[
847 J]

Hesss Law

Consider the following thermochemical reactions:

o
H (g) + O (g) H O(g) H1 = 241.8 kJ mol-1
2

o
H2(g) + O2(g) H2O(l) H 2 = 285.9 kJ mol-1

Determine the enthalpy of vaporisation of water.

[+44.1 kJ mol-1]
2

o
H lattice
If the lattice energy,
, of potassium iodide is
-632 kJ mol-1, and dissolving 1 mole of KI in water
requires absorption of 13kJ of energy, calculate the
enthalpy of hydration of KI.

[-619 kJ mol-1]
3

Determine the enthalpy of formation of liquid

hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, at 25C from the
following thermochemical equations:
H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2O (g)
H = -241.82 kJ/mol
2H (g) + O2 (g) H2O (g)
H = -926.92 kJ/mol
2H (g) + 2 O (g) H2O2 (g)
H = -1070.60 kJ/mol
2 O (g) O2 (g)
H = -498.34 kJ/mol
H2O2 (l) H2O2 (g)
H = +52.46 kJ/mol
[+60.38 kJ mol-1]

Determine the enthalpy change for the reaction:

3NO2(g) + H2O(l) 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g)
H of
[
, of H2O(l): 286 kJ mol-1,
NO(g): + 90 kJ mol-1,
NO2(g): + 34 kJ mol-1,
HNO3(aq): 207 kJ mol-1]
[-140 kJ mol-1]

Exercise ( Born Haber Cycle)

1. Determine the lattice energy of lithium fluoride using the information below:
Enthalpy of atomisation of lithium
Enthalpy of atomisation of fluorine
Ionisation energy of lithium
Electron affinity of fluorine
Standard enthalpy of formation of lithium fluoride
2. (a) Construct a Born-Haber cycle for calcium fluoride, CaF2(s).
(b) Use the cycle to calculate the lattice energy of CaF2(s).
enthalpy of atomisation of calcium = +178 kJ mol-1
electron affinity of fluorine atom = -328 kJ mol-1
enthalpy change of formation of CaF2 = -1220 kJ mol-1
bond dissociation energy of F2= +318 kJ mol-1
First ionisation energy of Ca = +590 kJ mol-1
Second ionisation energy of Ca = +1150 kJ mol-1

+161 kJ mol-1
+79.5 kJ mol-1
+520 kJ mol-1
328 kJ mol-1
617 kJ mol-1

Revision Exercise: Thermochemistry

N
o
1

Types

Question

Types of
enthalpy;
Thermochemica
l
equation

Write the thermochemical equation for

i) combustion of ethanol, CH3CH2OH
ii) formation of MgI2
iii) atomisation of bromine
iv) solution of sodium chloride
v) hydration of K+
i) Define enthalpy of combustion of
aluminum. Write the thermochemical
equation for the combustion of aluminum
if the enthalpy of combustion of aluminum
is 838 kJ/mol-1.
ii) Calculate the mass of aluminum
required to react with excess oxygen, if the
combustion reaction of the aluminum
evolved 751 kJ heat.
(24.2 g)
iii) Referring to (i), determine the enthalpy
of formation of Al2O3.
(-1676 kJ/mol)
When 50.0 mL of 0.10 M AgNO3 and 50
mL of 0.10 M HCl is mixed in a constant
pressure calorimeter, the temperature of the
mixture rises from 22.30oC to 23.11oC.
AgNO3(aq) + HCl (aq) AgCl(s) +
HNO3(aq)
Assuming the resulting solution has a mass
of 100 g and the specific heat of the
solution is 4.184 J/goC. Calculate the heat
of the solution.
[67.78kJ/mol]
A coffee-cup calorimeter contains 94 g of
water at 20oC. To it is added 22g of water
at 60oC. Assuming that the heat absorbed
by styrofoam is negligible, calculate the
final temperature.
(Specific heat of water is 4.184 J/goC)
[27.6oC]

Types of
enthalpy;
Thermochemica
l
equation

Calorimetry

Calorimetry

Hesss Law

By using energy cycle method, calculate

the standard enthalpy change for the
following reaction:
3 C2H2 (g)
C6H6 (l)
5

Solution

Given that the standard enthalpies of

combustion of C2H2 and C6H6 are -1300
and -3270 kJ/mol.
(-630 kJ)
6

Hesss
Law

Ammonia, NH3, is produced in Haber

process by reacting nitrogen and hydrogen
with iron as catalyst. The oxidation of
ammonia in excess oxygen with platinum
as catalyst produces nitrogen monoxide
(gas) and water vapour. Calculate the heat
released when 1.0 kg of ammonia is burnt
in excess oxygen atmospheric pressure.
Given:
compoun
NH3
NO
H2O
d
(g)
(g)
(g)
Hf
90.25 -285.8
(kJ/mol)
46.11
(17195 kJ)

Born-Haber
cycle

a)

Construct a Born-Haber cycle for

sodium fluoride
b) Use the cycle to calculate the lattice
energy of sodium fluoride. The
following data is given.
Enthalpy of atomisation of sodium= +108 kJ/mol
Electron affinity of fluorine atom = -343 kJ/mol
Enthalpy change of formation of sodium floride
= -571kJ/mol
Enthalpy of atomisation of fluorine= +79 kJ/mol
Ionisation energy of sodium
= +496 kJ/mol

( -911 kJ/mol)