Modal 2: obligation, probability, possibility

Belonging to Verb part, modal verb is one of the most basic and important of using
English, so it must be carefully considered. .
A/ Obligation
Din t s cn thit hoc bt buc phi lm iu g hin ti
hoc tng lai ta s dng cc modal verb sau: MUST/HAVE TO
(phi) / MUSTNT (khng c php.) /NEED TO (cn phi)
I. present or future obligation
1. Need
In three types of modal verb, need to do ST has the delicated shade of
meaning,describing someone has a desire to do ST to bring the benefits..
V d:- I need to do my homework.
In case need takes the role of regular verb, it will have the same role and structure as
regular verb
-If the subject is a person or an animate object:
S + need + to V:
He needs to learn English|
-If the subject is an inanimate object. V will be changed to Ving or Ved/V3
S + need + Ving
Ex: The house needs decorating. (Ngi nh cn c trang tr)
*Note: Cch s dng NEED vi S l cc vt khng sng (inanimate object as
subject) ngoi cu trc S + NEED + V-ing nh ni cng c th dng S + NEED +
TOBE + V(PII)
For example: V d: The house needs decorating = the house needs to be decorated.

On the other hands, we can replace need by in need of without changing the meaning.
However, the structure of in need of is different from need:
S + BE + IN NEED OF + NOUN
For example:V d: I need money= Im in need of money
Didnt need : is used to describe a past event with the same meaning
+ Didnt need :Is used to describe an unhappened unnecessary event.
2. Must
We using must to showing the obligation to do ST, from your personal feeling. You
consider you must do that, there is no choice, reasonably. If not do so, you will
bring the bad results.
Ex: 1/
2/

I must phone my sister.

you have worked hard all day; you must be tired.

-You can use must to mention about future and present.

Ex: we must go now
we must go tomorrow
*Note: when talk about future, not use: will + must or must + will
EXPECIALLY, must can not be used for past tense
Ex: we must go yesterday.
-Nhng trong qu kh vn c th dng must vi ngha d on chc l phi ch ko cn
l phi na.
Ex: He looks so tired .He must have worded a lot last night.
-When using must to predict ST in the past we use the structure: must +have +Ved/V3.

-In negative form we add not: mustnt

Ex: you mustnt go.
-In interrogative form we rotate must to the beginning of the sentence:
Ex: must you go?.
3. Have to
The way we communicate is in a necessary manner; the speaker considers this as a
mission, a rule which is must be complied.
Ex: I have to do my homeword.
- th ph nh ta phi mn tr ng t dont/doesnt/didnt have to
Ex: you dont have to pay to send an e-mail,:
-Have to can be used all tenses :
EX: I had to go to the hospital. (past)
Have you ever had to go to hospital? (present perfect)
I might have to go to hospital. (infinitive sau might)
-In interrogative form, we use with auxiliary verb: do/does/did
Ex : What do I have to do to get a driving license? (khng ni "What have I to do?")
Note: when talking about the rule, law we use have to not must
Ex: In Vn we have to go on right.
*So snh have to vi must

Must brings the subjective feeling whereas have to brings the obligied feeling.
(-must mang cm xc ch quan cn have to mang tnh cng ch )
-Must v have to ngha ging nhau nhng mustnt v dont have to th k nh vy ;ngha
chng khc xa nhau:mustnt mang ngha bt buc,ko c lm cn have to mang ngha
khng phi,khng bt buc lm
Ex: you must smoke on buses.
Nowadays, in Vietnam, pupils do not have to learn Russian at school.
-Trong ngn ng ni ting Anh, have to thng c dng hn must. Must thng c
s dng trong vn vit din t nhng s hng dn hoc ch . (t )
B/PROBABILITY AND POSSIBILITY (T nha)

1. din t kh nng xy ra chc chn hin ti ta s dng must, cant, couldnt.

V d:
Ex: the phone is ringing-it must be Simon(in thoi ang chung. - chc hn l
Simon.)
This letter cant/couldnn be from Japan because its got a French stemp(L th ny chc
chn khng th gi n t Nht Bn v n c dn mt con tem Php.)
2. din t kh nng xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai- Suy on hoc kt lun iu g
c th xy ra (ngi ni mong i iu xy ra) ta s dng should, ought to:
V d: We should/ought to hear from cheryl this weekend(Chng ta chc l s c nghe
tin t Cheryl cui tun ny.)

3. din t kh nng xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai rng mt vic g c l xy ra

hoc mt ngi c kh nng lm vic g (ngi ni mong i iu xy ra) ta s dng
could, might, may:
V d: Im not sure what language it is-it could/may/might be Polish (Ti khng chc ci
ny l ngn ng g n c l l ting Ba Lan.)

MO B CH CHO PHN NY:Chng ta thng s dng must, cant v couldnt cho

mt kh nng khi chng ta c bng chng trong kin ca mnh.