History of Pakistan-II

Revision Notes
Short Questions
Two Duties of Union Council
1. Budget ( Imposing)
2. Security
Washington Declaration
1. After Clash of Kargil, Nawaz visited America to sign Ceasefire Communiqu.
2. Army and Public Got Annoyed
Dismissal of Benazir Bhutto Govt.
1. Allegation of Corruption
2. Using 58-2-B
Two Measures for Woman
1. Reserved Seats in National Assembly
2. Small Loans on Easy Installments
Reasons for Discontinuation of Defense Armaments by America
1. After Attomic Blasts,
2. Under Pressler Amendment Defense Supply was discontinued
Lahore Declaration
1. India PM Atal Behari Visited Lahore Feb,1999
2. Many Plans and Mutual Future Friendship was announced
Federal Constitution
1. Pakistan was declared Federation
2. Four Provinces, Federal capital, and Tribal Areas
Limit of Agricultural Land
1. Irrigated=150 acres
2. Non-Irrigated= 300 acres
Sale of Habib Bank and UBL Bank
1. Habib bank for 22 Billion
2. Ubl bank for 13 Billion

1 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab

Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher

Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

Condition of Graduation ( B.A)

1. For the first time
2. In Elections 2002

4 Marks Questions.
(These 4 Marks answer are also helpful for Short Answers)
Q:1Write a note on Afghan Jihad ?
1. The Beginning of Jehad.
1979 Russian Invasion Pakistan Helped Afghanistan Russia Became
Demoralized and helpless in 1986
2. Geneva Pact
Between America and Russia Junejo was also present during pact Russia
Withdrew its forces from Afghanistan in 1989.
3. The impact on Pakistan Society
30 Lakh Refugees from Afghanistan to Pakistan Pakistan gave shelter and
looked after them properly, Afghan policy remain Successful and Pakistan
was Appreciated internationally
4. Zias Firm Policy
Q:2 Describe the Benazir Bhuttos Second Govt. Era of Pakistan?
1. Duration (Oct-1993 to Nov. 1996)
2. Development Programs and Plans
Fly over Bridge Karachi, Lahore Bypass, Kisan Bank , First Woman Police
Station
3. 8th 5 Year Plan
4. Foreign visits and Kashmir Problem.
Visits to Turkey and Iran , Got support on Kashmir Problem
5. Dismissal by President Laghari
Q:3 Write a note on Pakistan as Nuclear Power?
1. Background
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto started this process to make Pakistan a Nuclear Power
2. 1971
Zulfiqar ali Bhutto became the Ruler of Pakistan ,
3. 1974( India Attomic Tests at Rajisthan)
4. 1976 ( Agreement with France for Attomic Reprocessing Plant)
5. 1984,Pakistan got technology for Uranium Enrichment as Declared by Abdul
Qadeer Khan
6. 1989, Pakistan gained capability to make Atomic reactor
7. 1992, First Atomic Reactor was installed at Karachi.
8. 1998, 28th May 1998, Pakistan became Seventh Atomic Power of The Word and
First of the Muslim Word.
Q: 4Describe the Historical Background of Local Governments in Pakistan?
2 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab

Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher

Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

1. Viceroys Lord Rippons of Local Govt.

First time 1884 in south Asia
2. Ayub Khans Basic Democracies
On 27th October , 1959,
3. Zia local Govt.
With Slight Changes, reinforced twice during Zias Period,
4. Musharrafs Local Govt. System
Three Level system, Union Tehsil and District Govt. , known as local govt.
plan 2000.
Q: 5 write a note on Bhuttos Labor Reforms.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

10 Feb, 1972
Labor Representation (20%)
Bonus Salary
Working Times(not more than 48 Hours work)
Social Security Scheme
Industrial Relationship Commission(to listen the complaints of Labors and to
have check and balance on Industries)
7. Ship Steward( A Representative of Laboures)
8. Job Security( No one can terminate job without any solid reason)
Q:6 Write a Note on Agricultural Reform during Bhutto Period.
1. Limit of Land( 150 acre irrigated, 300 acre rainfed)
2. Land limit for Govt. Servant: (not more than 100acre, Exemption for Army
officers)
3. Land for Educational Institutions:
4. Tax : (should be paid by landlords not by peasants)
5. Hunting Grounds: (Except Historical ,All will be taken over by Govt.)
6. No Eviction of Peasants: (Landlord can not evict any peasant from the land for
nothing)
7. Fragmentation of Land: (Large holdings of land should be fragmented into
smaller Pieces for better cultivation)
8. Loan Schemes for Farmers:
Q: 7 Describe the impact of Nationalization on ?
1. Positive Impacts:
a. Increase in salaries
b. Progress of Country due to Taxes Payment
c. End of Capitalist Approach of 22 Families
d. Price Control
2. Negative Impacts:
a. Slow Industrial Growth
b. Misuse of Laboure Unions
c. Political Appointments
d. Corruption
Q:8 Describe the impacts of nationalization on Education?
1. Positive Impacts:
3 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab

Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher

Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

a. Financial Benefits to Teachers

b. Concession on Transport Fares
c. Teacher Training Institutes
d. Establishment of New Universities
2. Negative Impacts:
a. Burden on National Treasury
b. Students-Transporters Disputes(due to concessions on fares)
c. Students involvement in Politics(Student Unions Used by Politicians)
d. Misuse of Liberty by Students
Q:9 Describe the impacts of nationalization on Commerce and Trade?
1. Positive Impacts:
a. Increase in Production
b. Improvement in Trade Balance(Due to import of Machinery)
c. Increase in Export( Onion and Vegetables export increased due to land
reforms)
2. Negative Impacts:
a. Negative Effect on Salaried Class(because of Inflation due to devaluation
of rupees)
b. Import of Luxury Goods Increased.(affected the balance of Payment)
c. Decrease in Foreign Reserve ( due to in efficient use of Foreign Exchange)
d. Disturbed Trade Balance( Due to increase in Oil Prices in 1973)

Long Questions
Q: 1 Narrate the formation of a District Government and its Duties?
1. Introduction:
Revised in Musharrafs Govt 2001
2. Head of District Council (Nazim)
3. District council/Assembly
Nazims, Naib Nazims, General Councilors, Lady Councilors , Labour
Councilors, Minorities councilors.
4. Reserved Seats:
33 % Woman, 5 % Minorities, 5% Farmers/ Labourers,
5. Nazim and Naib Nazims
All Nazims and Naib Nazims, Councilors of Union Councils vote for the
election of Nazim and Naib Nazim
6. Authorities of Nazims
Administrative powers, DPO is answerable to Nazim
7. District Administration:
Headed by District Nazim district Administration performs these Functions
as, Budget, Security, Taxation,
8. Conclusion:
At District level responsible for financial and Administrative matter s

Q:2 Explain the Efforts made for Islamization between 1977 and 1988?
4 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab

Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher

Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

(Zia Period)
Shariat Benches(10th feb 1079 in all High courts)
Shariah Courts ( 1980, can take appeal against lower courts decision)
Shariah Ordinance (1979, against Drinking, Gambling, Rape, Steal)
Zakat & Ushar Ordinance (Zakat 2.5 % and Ushar 10 th part of Agricultural
Output)
5. Bank Accounts ( 1st July 1984, PLS Accounts )
6. Isalmiyat and Pak-Studies
7. Prayer Arrangement
8. Ehtram-e-Ramazan Ordinance
9. Arabic as Compulsory (From 6th to 8th Class)
10.International Islamic University( 1981, at Islamabad)
1.
2.
3.
4.

Q:3 Explain the Nuclear Program of Pakistan?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Introduction( To Compete India, Defense of Country)

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
India Nuclear Test 1971
Contract with France(For Atomic Re Processing Plant)
Pressure of America and Russia(Not to make Atomic Bomb)
Dr. Qadeers Claim(1984 and 89)
Atomic Plant Karachi( 1992)
India Nuclear Tests 1998
Pakistan as Nuclear State(First Muslim and 7th world Atomic Power on 28th May
1998, Yom-e-takbeer)
10.Conclusion: (no compromise on defense of Country, Every govt. supported
this program and policy)
Q:4 Write a comprehensive note on Tehsil Govt.?
1. Introduction: Local govt. System by Musharaf implemented in 2001. Tehsil is
Second Level of Govt.
2. Formation of Tehsil Council (Nazim and Naib Nazim are Heads, Naib Nazims of
All Union Council are the member.)
3. Qualification( Metric)
4. Election of Nazim (By Vote of All Councilors of that Tehsil)
5. Reserved Seats (33 % woman, 5 % Laboure/Farmer, 5 % Minorities)
6. Tehsil Administration( Nazim, Naib Nazim, TMO, 4 TMOs )
7. The Functions of Tehsil Council( Taxes, Enforce Municipal Laws, Development
projects)
8. T.M.O( Appointed by Provincial Govt. work under tehsil nazim, Co-ordinates
between departments)
9. T.Os (4 T.Os work under the TMOs)
10.Departments( Finance, Accounts, Land Records, Planning)

Q: 5 Narrate the important events of Mian Nawaz Sharif Government.

1. Introduction:
Two Times PM, 1990-1993,and 1997-1999
5 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab

Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher

Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

2. Privatization Commission:
to Privatize banks,
3. Water Accord ( Between Provinces)
4. Pay of Loans and Adorn the country Scheme: (17 Billion Rupees were
collected)
5. Right of Vote to Overseas Pakistanis: (
6. Restriction on Floor Crossing: (under 14th amendement)
7. Census: (1998, 13 crore Population)
8. Motorway: (Lahore to Islamabad, 1998)
9. Removal of 58-2-B
10.
Atomic Blasts: (28th May 1998)
11.
Lahore Declaration: (Atal Bihari Visited Lahore on Nawazs Invitation,
Friendly relations, Dialogues)
12.
Kargil War( July 1999, army was called back on American advice)
13.Conclusion: Many important incidents
Q: 6 State the important events of PM Benazir Bhuttos Govt.
1. Introduction:
Two Times PM,1988-1990, 1993-1996
2. Dissolution of Balochistan Assembly:
Before the CM was given the vote of Confidence, Balochistan assembly was
dissolved
3. Pakistan Rejoined Common Wealth: (1989)
4. Foreign Policy: (NO CONFRONTATION policy, Rajive Gandhi visited Pakistan to
participate in 4th SAARC Conference)
5. Social Welfare:
People Works program, Placement Bureau for Employment to people
6. Development Program: ( Karachi Flyover, Lahore Bypass)
7. Projects for Woman and Farmers: (Kissan Bank, First Woman Police Station)
8. 8th Five year Plan (1993)
9. Dismissal of Benazir Govt.
First term by Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Second term by Farooq Laghari , Both by
using 58-2-B on allegation of Corruption.
Q: 7 Describe the important aspects of the 1973 Constitution?
1. Introduction:
Written Constitution, imposed on 14th August, 1973.
2. Preamble:
Objectives Resolution, No can be made against Quran and Sunnah
3. Federal Constitution:
Pakistan is Federal Country Having four provinces, one capital Territory, and
FATA.
4. Semi-Rigid:
Can be changed but with 2/3 Majority
5. National Language:
Urdu was declared as national language, it was decided that within 15 years
urdu will be replaced English as official language.
6. Islamic Constitution:
6 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab

Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher

Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

Name of Country as Islamic Republic of Pakistan, President and PM must be

Muslims, step to abolish interest, Zakat and Auqaf Departments.
7. Independent Judiciary:
Will be free of any Political Pressure
8. Parliamentary Constitution:
Head of state will be president while head of Govt will be PM.
9. Supremacy of Constitution:
No one can abrogate if does , should be sentenced to death.
10.Constitutional Institutions:
Council for common Interest, National Economic Council, National Finance
Commission, Election commission
11.Bicameral Legislature:
Parliament = 446 members (Senate with 104 member +National Assembly
with 342 members)
12.Fundamental Rights: (Assembly can not pass any law against fundamental
rights)
Q: 8 (b): The Nationalization of Industries in Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali
Bhuttos Perios.
1. Introduction:
Bhuttos took this step to make the country economically stronger, introduced
some reforms through the process of Nationalization.
2. Nationalization of Industries:
On 2nd January , 1972 issued and ordinance, Ten Heavy industries were
nationalized
3. List of Nationalized Industries:
a. Automobile Industry
b. Chemical Industry
c. Iron and Steel Industry
d. Electrical Equipment Industry
4. Removal of Directors:
Govt. terminated the Directorship of 20 Industries through and ordinance,
appointed Managing Directors to Control them.

Pakistan in the World Affairs

7 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab

Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher

Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

Revision Notes
Short Questions
1. Durand Line
Pak-Afghan Border
Determined in 1893
2. Responsibilities Economic and Social Council
Raising the standard of Living
Economic and Social development in areas of Science, Education, Health
3. Responsibilities of UNO General Assembly
Election of Non-Permanent Members
Budget Approval
4. Border Between Iran and Pakistan
In 1957
5. Indus Water Treaty
Signed by India and Pakistan in 1960
6. Relation between China and Pakistan
Relation Started in 1954-55, Strong Friendship
7. Member of OIC
Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Malaysia, Indonesia,
Bangladesh, Afghanistan
8. Kashmir issue in Security Council
In 1948, By India when Pakistan freed 1/3rd of Kashmir
9. Word Trade Center Tragedy
In 9-september 2001, In New York
10.
Bhutan
Mountainous, Mangol Race, Capital is Thimphu, Language is Dzonkha,
Occupation is Cutting trees
4 Marks Questions.
(These 4 Marks answer are also helpful for Short Answers)
Q:1 Formation of OIC
1. Introduction:
2. Formation
3. Head office
4. Second Islamic Conference
Q:2 Formation and Objectives of SAARC
1. Introduction: SAARC , South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
2. Formation:
Idea by Zia ur Rehman,, Prime Minister of Bangladesh in n1980,
Charter of SAARC Finalized in n1985 at Thimphu
3. Member Countries:
8 Countries, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri lanka, Nepal, Maldives,
Bhutan, and Afghanistan
4. Objectives:
8 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab

Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher

Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

Self-Reliance
Mutual Assistance
Common Interest (at international Level, Common Voice)
Cooperation in Eleven Fields: (like Agriculture, Transport,
Shipbuilding, Science and Education etc
SAARC Games:
Nuclear Installation and Air Service Agreement

Q:3 Analyze Pakistans Relations with European Union:

1. Introduction: (EU is Regional Organization of 27 European Countries
2. Beginning of Relation: 1976
3. Social Projects: like construction of roads, seaport facility, electricity to
villages etc
4. Human Resource Projects: many projects for human development and
eradication of Pollution
5. NGOs: Many NGOs are working in Pakistan for the prevention of Child
laboure, misuse of drugs, health etc
6. W.T.O: Providing technical assistance to Pakistan since 2004 to expand
trade
7. Aid Against Terrorism:
8. Aid For Rehabilitation After Earthquake 2005
9. Belgium Conference: 17th June 2009, in Brussels, to upgrade the
Pak_EU relations according the modern demands.
Q: 4 Write a note on United Nations Organization.
1. Introduction:
After WWI League of the Nations was establish to prevent Wars but
failed
WWII in 1939-45, World leaders thought again to prevent wars.
2. Formation of UNO:
A conference held at San Francisco , America in1945
50 States Approved the Charter of UNO on 25 th June 1945.
Came in Being in 24th October, 1945
3. Objectives of UNO
Establishing Peace
Economic and Social Cooperation
Provision of Justice
Resolving Human Problem
4. Organs of United Natios:
General Assembly:
Biggest organ, Session held in September,
Responsibilities are giving membership to new states, giving
membership of SC and budget approval.
Security Council:
Important organ, 15 Members (5 permanent
+10 Non-permanents for two years), President elected on monthly
bases, Veto Power for 5 permanent members, its duties are resolving

9 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab

Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher

Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

international disputes, election of judges to ICJ, recommend General

Secretary to General Assembly.
Trusteeship Council: Arrangements for improvements in cultural,
educational, economic fields of destroyed countries after WWII, now it
is almost useless.
Economic and Social Council:
54 members each elected for 3
years , 1/3 members retire after every year, its responsibilities are
raising the standard of living, economic and social development,
Collaboration in science and education, eradication of unemployment
and poverty.
International Court of Justice:
Total 15 Judges elected for 9
years by general assembly, its responsibilities are resolving disputes
among countries, explaining international laws, legal advice to organs
of UNO.
Secretariat:
It is record office situated in New York,
General secretary is head of Secretariat elected by GA and SC for 5
years, its responsibilities are documentation of proceedings of
Meetings and Safe-Keeping.

Long Questions
Q: 1 Explain the objectives of Pakistans Foreign policy.
1. Introduction: Countries can not exist alone, necessary to have good
relations to fulfill needs.
2. Definition of Foreign policy:
Set of Fundamental principles & objectives to establish relations with other
countries. These are flexible principles based on countries needs.
3. Pakistans Foreign Policy:
Based on Security , Economic Needs and Religion
4. Objectives of Pakistans Foreign Policy:
iSovereignty:
National Safety and integrity is important factor in our foreign policy
iiSecurity Of Borders : (Fundamental principle of our policy)
iiiFreedom: ( no compromise on territorial, ideological, and cultural
freedom)
ivWorld Peace: ( adherence to charter of UNO, Solving the problems
like Kashmir Issue through Peaceful means)
vProtection of Ideology: ( Pakistan made on bases of Islamic
Ideology, so no compromise on ideology of Islam during developing
relations in other countries)
viRelations with Islamic World: ( Good Relations with all Islamic
Countries)
viiEconomic Development: ( to encourage foreign investment for
economic development)
viii- Cultural Enrichment: ( we want good relations with Muslim countries
as well as with countries which have cultural harmony with Pakistan)
1 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab
0 Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher
Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

ix-

Conclusion: (our Ideology, Economy and culture are the main

objectives )

Q: 2 Analyze the relation of Pakistan with India?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
9.

Background: ( not good relations, got separation from India)

Kashmir Issue: (Basic Issue, Without solving it Peace cannot be achieved)
Indus Water Treaty: ( to resolve river water issue, signed in 1960)
War of 1965: ( on Kashmir Issue, destruction on both sides)
Simla Pact: ( After the war of 1971, to resolve the issue mutually through
dialogues)
Atomic Powers: ( Both are atomic powers)
SAARC: (Both countries are member of SAARC, Pakistan always tried to use
this platform for peace process, In 2004 at Islamabad, Both countries agreed
on Dialogue)
Mutual Trade Agreement 1990: ( Somewhat better relations and trade and
travelling started)
Agra Conference: ( In 2001, Between Indian Prime Minister and Pakistans
President at Agra, India)

Q: 3 China is Pakistans neighbouring country which has always Supported

Pakistan in difficult times. Elaborate.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Background: (Good Mutual Relations, China always supported Pakistan)

Beginning of Relation: ( In 1954-55)
Support on Permanent Membership in UNO:
Chinas Support In 1965 & 71
Support on Kashmir Issue: ( China Supports the self-Determination right
of Kashmiris)
Nuclear Pact: ( After signing a pact China and Pakistan follow the similar
nuclear policy )
Silk Route: (Trade, Khunjrab Pass)
Defense Agreements: (Kamra Complex with help of china )
Development Projects: ( Heavy industrial Complex with help of China)
i.
Gawadar Port,
ii.
Pak-China Economic Corridor: (extension of Silk route to Gawadar and
Cetral Asian States)

Q: 4 Explain the Relation between Iran and Pakisan?

1. Background: (Muslim, Neighbouring country, Historical Relationns)
2. Baghdad Pact: (Defense treaty , Iran Turkey, Iraq and Britain, this pact was
known as CENTO when Iraq withdrew in 1958)
3. Support on Kashmir Issue: ( Iran always support Pakistans stance over
Kashmir Issue)
4. Support on 1965 & 71 Wars
5. Istanbul Treaty: ( Iran Pakistan and Turkey )
6. RCD : (After Istanbul Treaty all three formed RCD, Regional Cooperation for
Development)
1 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab
1 Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher
Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

7. ECO: : (Economic Cooperation Organization, was the next phase of RCD with
Ten new member countries)
8. Irans Islamic Revolution: ( In 1979, Pakistan recognized this Islamic Govt.
Immediately)
9. Gas-Pipeline Project: ( Pakistan shall import the gas from iran)
Q: 5

Analyze the relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan?

1. Background: (Cultural, Historical , Religious Relations)

2. Unpleasant Relation: ( At beginning relations were unpleasant due border
Issue)
3. Duran Line: ( In 1893, Sir Duran and Mir Abdul Rehman of Afghanistan
settled border issue by accepting Durand line as international Control line)
4. Mutual Interdependence: (Afghanistan as being a landlocked country can
use seaports of Pakistan for its trade)
5. Russia Attack: ( in 1979, when Russian attacked Afghanistan , Pakistan
helped Afghan Mujahideen)
6. Afghan Refugees: ( 30 lakh Refugees took shelter in Pakistan during
Russia-Afghan War)
7. Post 9/11 Relations: ( Pakistan is helping Afghanistan to remove terrorism
and rehabilitation of Afghanistan)
Q: 6 Narrate the Pakistans Role in the Organization of the Islamic
Conference?
1. Introduction: (Organization of Islamic Conference, Pakistan has been
playing active and important role and providing support to Muslims countries,
Pakistan make the foundation of OIC stronger)
2. Background of OIC: (Fire Broke out at Mosque Aqsa in 1969, Muslims
Countries gathered at RABAT at Morocco , Pakistan Suggested OIC , The Head
office of OIC is at Jeddah Saudi Arabia)
3. Pakistans Relations with Other OIC Countries:
i.
Saudi Arabia
Holy Places
Second Islamic Conference
Pak-Saudi Economic Commission(1998, 155 Projects)
Saudi Arabia On Kashmir Issue
Second Islamic Conference( In 1974, at Lahore, with the help of
Saudi Arabia)
Middle Easter Crises( Pakistan Supported Saudi Arabia)
ii.
Turkey:
RCD & ECO
Ministerial Commission( in 2002 for economic projects)
Metro Bus Project
iii.
Middle East
Good Relations with Egypt( Supported Egypt in n1973 during
Egypt Israel War
Played Important role for the freedom of Libya
1 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab
2 Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher
Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

 Thousands of Workers are working in UAE

iv.
Malaysia Indonesia
Cooperation in the fields of Science and Technology
4. Conclusion: (Pakistan has attained important position in the Muslim World)
Q: 7 Explain the genesis and development of Kashmir Issue?
1. Genesis of Kashmir Problem:
i.
Decision about States(Shall Decide according to their Social and
Geographical Conditions)
ii.
Situation of Kashmir( 80 % Muslim, Hindu Raja Dogra Announced
Annexation with India)
iii.
Kashmiri Mujahdeen: ( Mujahdeen Started Jehad for freedom, India
entered its forces in Kashmir)
iv.
Success of Kashmiri Mujahdeen: ( Kashmiri Mujahdeen freed 1/3rd
of Kashmir)
2. Development of Kashmir Issue :
i.
Kashmir Issue in Security Council: India took this issue to Security
council in 1948
ii.
Decision of Security Council: ( Security Council Decided for a
Plebiscite in Kashmir under the observation of Kashmir)
iii.
Indias Delaying Tactics: (India intentionally do not want to resolve
Kashmir issue according to resolution of Security Council due to the
fact Kashmiri Muslims want to Join Pakistan)
iv.
Fate of Kashmir: ( Until unless the Kashmir is Issue is not resolved
Peace cannot be established in South Asia, so this issue must be
resolved according to the resolutions of Security councils.
Q: 8 Comprehend Pakistans Relations with Central Asian States?
1. Introduction: ( six States disintegrated from Russia in 1991, Pakistan has
established very good relations with these countries)
2. Azerbaijan: (Agreement in field of Economics, Students of Azerbaijan are
studying in Pakistan, a troops exchange agreement is also there)
3. Uzbekistan: ( 50 thousand dollars for Imam Bukharis Mausoleum,
Uzbekistan Airways office nin Karachi, Gas pipeline project)
4. Tajiskistan: (Dushanbe is 500 KM away from Islamabad, Electricity
agreement with Tajekistan)
5. Tukmenistan: (Pakistan Exports Food Item, Gas pipeline to Quetta)
6. Kazakhstan: (Pakistan has signed agreement for providing cement plant and
developing many industries)
7. Kyrgyzistan: ( It has Vast Uranium Reserves, Trade through Road
Agreement)
Q: 9 Describe Pakistans Relation with Saudi Arabia.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Introduction: ( Both are Islamic Countries, Mutual Interests)

Brotherly Relations: (Holy Places, Saudi Arabia is symbol of Muslim Unity)
Modernization of Saudi Army
Construction work (Pakistani Engineers and Labourers)

1 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab

3 Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher
Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

5. Faisal Mosque &International Islamic University (Funded by Shah

Faisal)
6. Support on Kashmir Issue
7. Second Islamic Conference
8. Middle Eastern Crises: (Pakistan supported Saudia in 1991 during Middle
Eastern Crises)
9. Pak-Saudi Economic Commission: ( 1998, At Riyadh, 155 Project were
started)
Q: 10 Explain the relations between Pakistan and SAARC?
1. Introduction: SAARC was set up in 1985, 8 member countries
2. Pakistan and Bangladesh:
i.
Recognition of Bangladesh: Pakistan recognized Bangladesh in
1974 on the event occasion of Second Islamic Conference
ii.
Different Agreement: In 1976, in the fields of Ship-building,
Telecommunications, Banking
iii.
SAARC Conferences: 1st 1985, 7th 1993, 13th in which Khalda Zia was
elected next chairperson
iv.
Tractor Agreement: 1993 for 300 tractors to Bangladesh
3. Pakistan and Sri-Lanka
i.
Introduction : Island Countries
Sinhali and Tamil Languages
Islam, Chritianity, Budhism
Tea, Coconut and Rubber
ii.
SAARC Conferences:
6th in 1991 , with Emphasis on Terrorism Control Measurs
20th at Colombo with emphasis on poverty eradication
4. Pakistan and Nepal:
i.
Introduction: Mountainous Country, Mount Everest, Religion is
Bhudhism and Hinduism
ii.
SAARC Conferences:
3rd in 1987, Decision for Exclusion of India
11th , with emphasis on poverty , Environment and Health
5. Pakistan and Maldives:
i.
Introduction: Consisting upon 2000 Islands, Fishing is major
Occupation, Capital is Male, Exports Seeps and Seashells.
ii.
SAARC Conferences: 5th in 1990, Hosted by President Abdul Qayum,
emphasis was on Iraq-Kuwait dispute and Smuggling.
6. Pakistan and Bhutan:
i.
Introduction: Mountainous, Thimphu is Capital, Language is Dzonkha,
tree Cutting is Occupation, majority isMangol and Bhudist,
ii.
SAARC Conferences: Finalization of SAARCs charter in Thimphu,
Close ties with Pakistan.
Q: 11 Describe Pakistans relation with America?
1. Background: (Invitation from Russia, Pakistan visited America in 1950)
2. Liaqaut Visit: (in 1950, speeches in America to explain that Pakistan is
Islamic Democratic Country, Demanded for military and financial aid)
3. Ayubs Visit to America: ( in 1961, assured help for 2nd five year plan)
1 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab
4 Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher
Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

4. Afghan-Russia War: ( America supported Mujahdeen through Pakistan)

5. Zias Visit: (1982, agreement for F-16 )
6. Exemption for Pakistan: ( in 1985, America Exempted Pakistan from
sanctions on nuclear program)
7. Benazir Visits America: (Visited America, Relations improved)
8. Pressler Amendment: (America Discontinued the arms supply to Pakistan)
9. Browns Amendment: (Sanctions Uplifted from Pakistan for Economic Aid)
10.
Post 9/11 Relation: (America Attacked Afghanistan, Pakistan
Supported America in War against terrorism)
Q: 12 Discuss Pakistans Contribution towards peace keeping in the world?
1. Introduction: (as being responsible country pakis has been playing
important role for the promotion of peace in the world)
2. Charter of UNO: Respect and support the Charter of UNO
3. Social Boycott of South Africa: : Followed the policy of UNO after the
emergence of Racism in Rhodesia, South Africa and Zimbabwe
4. The Indo-Pak War: After the intervention of UNO accepted the ceasefire
5. Nuclear Policy: Supported the policy of control on nuclear energy
6. Independence of Indonesia: Convinced UNO to open its door during the
struggle for independence of Indonesia
7. Member of UNO: Helped Srilanka , Nepal, Libya to become the member of
UNO
8. Suez Cana Issue: Supported Egypt on the issue of Suez canal
9. Resolution on Bait UL Muqaddas: Presented resolution to get Bait Ul
Muqaddas free from Israeli Occupation
10.
Role against Terrorism: Effective role against terrorism, Operation
Zarb e Azab is example.
Q: Describe Pakistans relation with Russia?
1. Beginning of Relations : 1948 Shoib Qureshi appointed as ambassador,
Russia invited Pakistani PM to visit Russia.
2. Pakistan Day Celebrations:
in March 1956 in Moscow, Russian Foreign
Minister Participated.
3. Steel Mill offer:
Russia offered Pakistan a steel mill to be built in
Pakistan.
4. Oil Search Agreement:
Russia signed agreement to search oil in
Pakistan in 1961.
5. Tashkent Treaty:
Between India and Pakistan after the war of 1965 to
resolve the mutual issues with the help of Russia.
6. SEATO and CENTO:
Withdrawal from the these agreements in 1971 by
ZAB.
7. Thermal Plant Agreement.
In 1973 , to be installed in Pakistan by
Russia.
8. Geneva Pact:
1988 , Between America and Russia with the
Help of Pakistan.
Q: Describe Pakistans relation with Britain?
1 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab
5 Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher
Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

1. Introduction:
British Raj till 1947
2. Commonwealth Membership:
1955, Pakistan was made the member of
Common Wealth to be facilitated financially.
3. Financial Aids:
13 Crore Rupees loan in 1959. Loan for Indus
water Plan, 4 crore to buy railway wagons, aid to built Hyderabad power
station, to buy ships and buses.
4. Withdrawal from Common wealth: in 1972 by zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.
5. Visit of Margaret Thatcher.
In 1981 during regime of Zia.
6. Junejoss Visit:
he tried to convince the British Investors to
invest in Pakistan.
7. Rejoining of Common Wealth: 1989 during the era of Benazir
8. Frigates Agreement:
Britain Gave Pakistan 8 frigates ships in
1993-4
9. Post 9/11 Relations:
Support to Pakistan against terrorism.
10.
Musharafs Visit:
2003, Tony Blair assured his support on
Kashmir Issue.
11.
Trade Agreements:
Mutual Trade for both countries
1.
Pakistan-Japan Relations:
1. Introduction:
Several Small Islands in the east of Asia, Land of
Rising sun. Tokyo is capital,
2. Factories of Japan:
Machinery, cloths, drinks,
3. Heavy and Small Industries: like steel, Shipping, refineries
4. Asian Tiger:
Japan buys fish while Pakistan buys cars,
electronics,
5. Post 9/11.

1 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab

6 Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher
Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Revision Notes
Short Questions
1. The increase in the production of goods and services is called
economic development the movement backward economy to
developed economy is called economic.
2. Pakistans Mineral Development corporation was established in 1975.
3. Small industry means which employ 2-9 workers and manufactures
different items like Dairy forming, Bee keeping and Poultry Farming.
4. Interest free loans for farmers, Construction of Dams, Prevention of
Crop diseases, prevention of Natural disasters.
5. Gypsum is used in fertilizers, cement making, plaster of Paris, sulphuric
acids, paint industries.
6. P
4 Marks Questions.
(These 4 Marks answer are also helpful for Short Answers)

Long Questions

1 Prepared: by Nadir Ali Maab

7 Beaconhouse Senior School Teacher
Allama Iqbal Town Campus Lahore