Solutions and Kinetics Equations

H <0 : favors spontaniety

S>0 favors spontaniety

Henr y ' s Law :S gas =kP gas

1
1
1
[ A ]
[B]
[C ]
a
b
c
rate=
=
=
=
t
t
t

Mass =

mass of compenent
100
total mass of solution

Average Rate=

PPM=

mass of compent
100
total mass of soluion

Rate=k [ A]m [B]n

moles of compent
Mole Fraction ( X ) : X =
total moles of solution
Molality : m=

moles of solute
kg of solvent

Molarity : M =

moles of solute
liters of solution

Freezing Point Depression : T FP=k FPm

Rate 2 [B]2
=
Rate 1 [B]1

( )

Rate 2 k 2 [ A]2
[B ]2
=

Rate 1 k 1 [ A]1
[B ]1

( )( )

zero order :[a]t =kt+[a]0

t1 =
2

Boiling Point Elevation: T BP=k BPm

[B]2[ B]1
t 2t 1

[a]0
2k

first order : ln [a ]t=kt+ ln [ a] 0

Raout l' sLaw :VP solution=X solventVP 0 of solvent

t1 =
2

0.693
k

second order :

t1 =
2

1
[a]0k

1
1
=kt+
[a]t
[a]0

Arrhenius equation : k =Ae

( ER ) T1 + ln ( A)

ln ( k ) =

Ea
RT

Slope :m=

ln

E a
R

k 1 Ea 1
1
=

k2
R T2 T1

( )