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Where
= penetration depth at 0K
Where be the critical magnetic field at absolute zero temperature and Hc(T)
critical magnetic field at any temperature
is the critical
temperature
.(7)
(8)
..(9)
.
(10)
.(11)
Q. 2. Define Levitation effect and explain the various factors that can
destroy
superconductivity.
Ans. Levitation Effect: It is based upon Meisner effect that if a long
superconductor is cooled in a magnetic field to below the value of critical
temperature, then magnetic field lines are pushed out of that material.
The factors that can destroy superconductivity are following
1. Magnetic field can destroy superconductivity. The minimum value of
magnetic field at a given temperature which is required to change the
superconductivity state of a given sample to normal conducting state of the
sample at that temperature is called critical magnetic field.
2. The normal conductors get converted to superconductors at temperature
below critical temperature. If we increase the temperature above critical
temperature, the superconductors gets converted to normal conductor.
1
Consider a fermi gas having probability of occurence 0 and 1 with
electron spins
1
and
It isalso clear that one form an excited state here by taking an
electron from the
fermi surface and raising it just above the fermi surface.
in BCS theory, there is interaction (attractive) between the
electrons. So sufficient energy
has to be supplied to. exceed the force of attraction between
electrons. This implies that BCS ground state is separated by a finit
energy gap, Eg from its lowest excited state
(iii) Features of BCS state:
(a) Total energy of BCS state is lower w.r.t fermi state.
(b) If a state with vector K and spin up is occupied then the state
with wave vector K and spin down is also occupied. Similarly, if Kt is
vacant, then K is also vacant..
Ans. We can derive the London equations using Two fluid model
According to this theory a superconductor can be thought to be
composed of both normal and superfluid electrons.
Thus penetration depth is defined as the distance inside the sample at which
magnetic
flux density reduces to 1/e of its value at the surface.