Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:
GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
PostedinBridgeEngineering,ResearchPapers|
EmailThisPost|
Megusta
By
D.Ishihara,H.Yamada,H.Katsuchi,andE.Sasaki
YokohamaNationalUniversity
Abstract
ThereareplansofconstructingbridgeslongerspanlikeMessinastraitbridge.Thistrendcausesthenecessityofdiscussingontheproblemsofinstability
analysissuchaslateraltorsionalbuckling.However,lateraltorsionalbucklinganalysisoflongspanbridgeisnotsufficientlytakenyet.Forthatreason,we
applytheAbaqus/Standardtosolvethehighnonlinearproblem.TheanalysisobjectisAkashikaikyoBridgewhichisthelongestbridgeintheworld.This
paperpresentshowtoanalyzethelateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspanbridgeapplyingwindload.
Keywords
LateralTorsionalBuckling,SuspensionBridge,Aerodynamics
Introduction
Bynow,alotoflongspansuspensionbridgeshavebuiltandtheirlengthskeepgrowing.Asaresult,theirgirderstiffnessisrelativelyreducedandtheir
strengthsforwindforcearealsodecreasing.Therefore,numerousfutteranalysisandexperimentswereexecuted.Ontheotherhand,itisaswellasimportantto
investigatethelateraltorsionalbucklingstrengthsofsuspensionbridges,buttheinvestigationshaveneverbeenmadefordecades.Certainly,wejustuseHirai
Okauchiformulationthatwasproposedaround60stoconfirmthestabilityagainsttheproblem.Itcontainsatheoreticalequationandidealboundaryconditions
sotheapplicationoftheformulationislimited.Therefore,theneedofmodernexaminationoflateraltorsionalbucklingofsuspensionbridgeisincreasing.A
longspansuspensionbridgeshowsquitenonlinearbehaviorandshowsnonlinearitywhenitsinitialconditionandwindloadareapplied.Thereforeitneeds
sometechniques.Wepresentthewayofmodelingbridgesusingthestructuralelementsandmakinginitialconditionsundergravity.Afterthiswepresenthowto
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
1/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
analyzethelateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspanbridgeapplyingwindload.Thewindloadiscalculatedbythestaticcoefficientofwindforce.Finally,the
resultisshowedandtheconclusionispresented.
Themainbackgroundofthisproblemandtheprocedureoftheanalysisareintroducedinthischapter.Themaintopicofthisanalysisisalateraltorsional
bucklingandlargedeformationanalysisofsuspensionbridge.
HiraiOkauchiformulation
Lateraltorsionalbucklingiscriticalforstructuresandcanleadsuddenlycollapseofthem.PreviousresearchwasconductedbyHirai(Hirai1942)andOkauchi
(Okauchi1967).Themaintheoryoftheirtheoryisshowedasfollows.
displacements,respectively.EI,GK,ECwarebendingstiffness,torsionalstiffnessandbendingtorsionalstiffness,respectively.Hwistensionforceofmaincable
applyingthedeadloadandMisthemomentofhorizontalcomponentoccurredbydragforce.CDisacoefficientofdrag,SandStrepresentthegradientoflift
forceandgradientofpitchingmoment.h1h2indicatetheincrementofcabletensioncausedbythedeformationoflateraltorsionalbucklingandeachofthem
canbecalculatedbythefollowingequations.
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
2/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
Where,EcAcisthecablesstiffness,andrightsideofintegrationisappliedforwholelengthofthesuspensionbridge.yistheverticalcoordinateofcablebefore
deformation.HiraiaddedtheinertiaterminEquation1andinvestigatedonthestabilitycriteriaofstructuresbyarrangingthemulticoordinatevibration
equation.Intheseinvestigations,itwasfoundthatthecriteriaisthesameoftheoneoflateraltorsionalbuckling.Theimportanceoftheproblemoflateral
torsionalbucklingwasemphasizedatthattime.Thecriticalwindloadequationis
Becauseoftheassumedboundarycondition,theapplicationofthisequationisrestrictedtothesinglespansuspensionbridges.Theapplicationtothemulti
spansbridgeandthedifferentboundaryconditionsshouldhaveaproblem.AndalsointheEquation3,thetransitionofwindloadtocableisnotconsidered.As
thepitchingmomentisthemaincomponentoflateraltorsionalbuckling,thetransitionofwindloadmusthadbeenconsideredinordertoincreasetheaccuracy
oftheequation.
Theseassumptionsandignoranceshouldberemovedinthemodernanalysis,becausecivilengineershouldnotrelyonsucharestrictionofoldtheorybutrely
oncomprehensivedesignmethodlikeFiniteElementMethod.Inthisstudy,thecomplicateFEMmodelwasbuildandtheaboveassumptionandignoranceare
eliminated.Thereforeourstudymustbeimportanttodesignthefuturebridges.
Targetstructure
Theapplicationoflargedeformationandlateraltorsionalbucklinganalysestolongspansuspensionbridgesarefollowed.OneobjectoftheanalysisisAkashi
KaikyoBridgeitscenterspanis1991mandisthelongestintheworld.ThemodelisshowninFigure2.Inaddition,weassembledthemodelofmorelateral
torsionalbucklingsensitivesuspensionbridgetheverticalbracemadewidertwicethantheoriginalAkashiKaikyoBridge.Thetwomodelsaretheobjectsof
thischapterandwedescribethedetailsofthemandtheprocedureofanalysis.
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
3/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
AkashiKaikyobridge
AkashiKaikyobridgewascompletedin1998andistheworldslongestbridge.Themainspanis1991metersandthebridgehasthestiffeningtrussgirder.The
outlinesandsomesectionsareshowedinFigure2.
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
4/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
Themaingirderandtowerareassignedbeamelement(B31H).Themaincableandhangercableareassignedtrusselement(T3D2H).Theboundaryconditions
areshowedinFigure3.Thetowersandcableendarefixed,thegirderendsarefreeinbridgedirection(U1)butotherdegreesoffreedomarefixed.
Simulatedmodelofsuspensionbridgestiffenedhorizontally
Ananotheranalysiswasperformedinthisstudy.Themainpointofthisanalysisistoinvestigatehowwillactthesimulatedmodelofsuspensionbridge
stiffenedhorizontallyagainstwindforce.Thesuspensionbridgemodelwasmodifedbyincreasingthestiffnessofupperandlowerchordsbywideningthe
widthofelements.TheupperandlowerchordswidthwasmadetwiceaswideasAkashiKaikyomodel.ThedrawingofmodelisshowninFigure3.
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
5/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
Exceptforthewidthofupperandlowerchordsmodification,otherparametersareallthesamesuchasmaterial,coordinates,andwindload.
Analysisprocedure
Theanalysisprocedurecanbedescribedasbridgeswereappliedthegravityatafirststep,andbridgeswereappliedthewindloadatasecondstep.Eachsteps
havehighnonlinearity,whichrequiredthestabilizationofdampingfactor.Thesedetailswillbedescribedafterward.
Gravityequilibrium
Atafrststep,suspensionbridgesshouldbeinequilibriumundergravity.Whilethisstepthemodelsareappliedwithgravityload,anddeformsasthenumberof
incrementisincreasing.Thedeformationissolargethatthenormalstaticanalysiscannotcompletesolvingthestep.Therefore,inthisstep,thedampingfactor
wasaddedtoaccomplishtheanalysis.Thisoptioncanbewritten,
*Static,stabilize=4e09
01,1.,1e40,1.0.
Ofcourse,ifthedampingfactorwasadded,theadditionalenergywillactasfactorwhichmakeanalysislessaccurate.Consequently,thecomparisonofALLIE
(totalinternalenergyofstructure)andALLSD(totalenergybydampingfactor)mustbedone.Thecomparisonisdoneinchapter5.
ApplyingWindload
Inthesecondstep,thewindloadisappliedtothemodel.Thethreecomponentsofwindfocepitchingmoment,dragforce,andliftforceareappliedtoelements.
EachcomponentisshowninFigure7.Thecomponentsofwindforcesperunitspanactiononthedeformeddeckcanbewritten,
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
6/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
Theaerodynamicforceappliedtothewindprojectedelements,whichreflectthesituationthatthewindflowsfromonesidehorizontally.Themagnitudesof
windforcesarecalculatedbytheEquation4andareappliedafterstaticanalysisundergravity.
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
7/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
Analysisresultsandconsiderations
Gravityanalysis
Inthefirststep,theenergybydampingfactorshouldbemuchlessthantheinternalenergy,aspreviouslymentioned.Thecomparisonsofthesefactorareshown
inFigure6andFigure7.Thesefiguresshowthattheadditionalenergybydampingfactorissufficientlylessthantheinternalenergyofstructure.Wecan
concludethattheeffectofadditionaldampingfactoriswellignorable.
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
8/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
Analysisonthebehaviorsunderaerodynamicforces.
Thelargedeformationanalysiswasdoneafterundergravityanalysis.Thedeformationfigureandtherelationshipofrotationaldisplacementandwindspeedare
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
9/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
shownFigure9andFigure10.Figure9showsthegradientincreaseofrotationofcenternode.TheresultrepresentsthefactthattheAkashiKaikyoBridge
doesnthavethepossibilityoflateraltorsionalbucklingbutlargedeformation.Iflateraltorsionalbucklingoccurs,therotationaldisplacementwillincrease
suddenly,butthisanalysisdoesntshowsuchaction.Thereasonofthisisprobablythesuspensionbridgesstiffnessofhorizontalcomponentisnotgreaterthan
otherstiffnesscomponents.Whilethesimplebeamanalysis,thedirectionofapplyingloadisthestrongaxesofthestructure,butthissuspensionbridgeis
appliedwindforcehorizontallyanditshorizontalstiffnessisnotsomuchstrong.
Ontheotherhand,themodifiedmodelsbehaviorwasdifferent.Figure10showstherotationaldisplacementwindspeedrelationship.Itincludesthelateral
torsionalbehaviorcharacterthattherotationaldisplacementincreasesuddenly.
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
10/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
Considerations
Intheproblemoflateraltorsionalbuckling,thebalanceofstiffnessisveryimportant.Ifthehorizontalstiffnessissmallcomparedwithotherdirectional
stiffness,thestructureoccursonlylargedeformationandiftheoneislargeoversomepoint,thestructureoccurslateraltorsionalbuckling.
Inadditiontothedescribedanalysis,wecalculatedthecriticalwindspeedbyHiraiOkauchiformulation.TheparametersareshowninTable1.Thistable
representsthegreatreductionofcriticalwindspeed.Thismeanstheprevioustheoryisindangersidejudgment.
Conclusions
InthispaperlateraltorsionalbucklinganalysisbyutilizingtheAbaqusstandardwasdemonstrated.Thebalanceofhorizontalstiffnessisveryimportantantthe
overstiffnessofthatleadsthestructurelateraltorsionalbuckling.However,itshouldbenotedthattheanalysisresultsneedmoreverificationsuchas
experiments:windtunneltest.Forcontinuingresearch,thecriticalbalanceofstiffnessandotherrealsuspensionbridgeanalysisshouldbeclassified.
References
1.MemonBashirAhmed,etal,Arclengthtechniquefornonlinearfniteelementanalysis,JournalofZhejiangUniversitySCIENCEVol.5(5),pp.618628
2.ViroteBoonyapinyo,T.Miyata,H.Yamada,Nonlinearbucklinginstabilityanalysisoflongspancablestayedbridgesunderdisplacementdependentwind
load,Journalofstructuralengineering,Vol.39AP923935,1993.
3.M.A.Crisfeld,AFastIncremental/IterativeSolutionProcedurethatHandlesSnapThrough,Computers&StructuresVol.13,pp5562.
4.M.A.Crisfeld,SnapThroughandSnapBackResponseinConcreteStructuresandtheDangersofUnderIntegration,InternationalJournalforNumerical
MethodsinEngineering,Vol.22pp.751767
5.M.Fafard,B.Massicotte,GeometricalInterpretationoftheArcLengthMethod,Computers&StructuresVol.46,No.4,pp603615.
6.A.Hirai,Thestabilityofsuspensionbridgesagainsttorsionalvibration,JournalofJapanSocietyofCivilEngineerssummeryvol.28pp769786,1942.
7.A.Hirai,Y.FujisawaTheeffectsoffrequencyofwindloadtotheelasticstabilityofsuspensionbridgesJournalofJapanSocietyofCivilEngineers
summeryvol.21pp851,852,1966.
8.A.Hirai,H.Takema,LateraltorsionalbucklingofsuspensionbridgeunderhorizontalwindloadJournalofJapanSocietyofCivilEngineerssummeryvol.13
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
11/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
pp1920,1958.
9.JapansocietyofcivilengineeringandHonsyushikokubridgestechnologicalworkshop,Reportofhonsyushikokubridgetechnologicalsurvey
appendix.1,,1967.
10.J.H.Kweon,C.S.Hong,AnImprovedArcLengthMethodforPostbucklingAnalysisofCompositeCylindricalPanels,Computers&StructuresVol.53,
No.3,pp541549.
11.W.F.Lam,C.T.Morley,ArclengthMethodforPassingLimitPointsinStructuralCalculationJournalofstructuralengineeringVol.118No.1P169185.
12.Longpillarworkshop,Handbookofelasticstability,CoronaPublishing,1960.
13.MarkJ.Silver,etal,ModelingofSnapBackBendingResponseofDoublySlitCylindricalShells,StructuralDynamics&MaterialsConference,
AIAA20041820.
14.K.Okauchi,K.Nemoto,Lateraltorsionalbucklingofsuspensionbridgesunderwindpressure,JournalofJapanSocietyofCivilEngineerssummeryvol.22
pp1361,1364,1967.
15.G.Powell,J.Simons,ImprovedIterationStrategyforNonlinearStructures,InternationalJournalforNumericalMethodsinEngineering,Vol17PP1455
1467.
16.E.RAMM,StrategiesforTracingNonlinearResponseNearLimitPointsNonlinearfiniteelementanalysisinstructuralmechanics,SpringerVerlag,New
York.
17.E.Riks,TheApplicationofNewtonsMethodtotheProblemofElasticStability,JournalofAppliedMechanics,Vol39PP10601065.
18.E.Riks,AnIncrementalApproachtotheSolutionofSnappingandBucklingProblem,InternationalJournalifSolidsStructures,Vol.15,pp529551.
19.H.Takema,K.Okauchi,Lateraltorsionalbucklingofsuspensionbridgesunderwindpressure,Conferenceofbridgeandstructureworkshopvol.11ppp26
39,1964.
20.Timocshenko,Gere,Theoryofelasticstability,McGrawHill,1961.
WearethankfultoSirMatthewLadzinskiforsubmittingthisreporttoengineeringcivil.comandalsograntingusrightstopublishitonweb.Thisreportwill
helpallcivilengineersstudytheLateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge.
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
12/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
MoreEntries:
Inwindtunneltest,whyaresimilarityofReynoldsNumberbetweenrealbridgeandmodelisoftenneglected?
Whenwouldtorsionalstiffnessofmembersbeconsideredinanalyzingabridge?
Whataretheadvantagesofcablestayedbridgesoversuspensionbridgesforspanlessthan1,000m?
Whenissingleplaneormultipleplaneusedincablestayedbridges?
Whatarethefunctionsofdiaphragmsinbridges?
AkashiKaikyoBridge
Howdoestheshapeofbridgedeckaffecttheaerodynamicbehaviour?
ShaftSettlement
Bridge Engineering
Comments
srinivasahnOctober13,2011at10:18am
itsnice..
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
13/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
ReplyLinkQuote
ROHITPARMARMay31,2012at6:29am
ITSVERYNICEANDADVANTAGEOUS
ReplyLinkQuote
shaik.MohisinaTayyibaSeptember26,2012at5:46am
pleasesendtheabbrevationsforALLIEandALLSD.Plzsendmeurgent.
ReplyLinkQuote
Postacomment
Name
Email
Website
Postyourcomment
ShareInformation
SubmitContent
AskAnExpert
SponsoredLinks
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
14/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
Fabricante
Geosinteticos
ACE Geosynthetics
-geosinteticos
certicados por ISO
y CE.
WhatisCivilEngineering
CivilEngineeringHome
CivilEngineeringDisciplines
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
15/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
CivilEngineeringHistory
JournalsBooks&Softwares
FreeCivilEngineeringMagazinesandWhitePapers
CivilEngineeringBooks
CivilEngineeringJournals
CivilEngineeringSoftwares
CivilEngineeringBranches
Building
BridgeEngineering
ConcreteEngineering
HighwayEngineering
Hydraulics
MarineEngineering
PilesEngineering
PrestressEngineering
SoilEngineering
Steelworks
Surveying
TimberEngineering
CivilEngineeringJobs
CivilEngineeringJobs
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
16/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
Engineering
18Klikes
LikePage
Bethefirstofyourfriendstolike
this
KnowledgeCenter
ConstructionEquipments
CivilEngineeringDisasters
CivilEngineeringEvents
CivilEngineeringFacts
CivilEngineeringInformation
CivilEngineeringNotesFromUniversities
CivilEngineeringPresentations
CivilEngineeringQuotes
CivilEngineeringVideos
CivilEngineeringWonders
ConstructionTerms
FamousCivilEngineers
Interviews
MaterialandSiteTesting
MeasurementUnits
MixDesign
ProjectReports
ResearchPapers
StudentCorner
HelpOthers
CivilEngineeringUniversities/Events
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
17/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
CivilEngineeringUniversities
AllCivilEngineeringEvents
AdvertiseYourEventHere
GalleryCivilEngineeringPictures
Bridges
CivilEngineersAndWorkers
ConstructionEquipments
ConstructionSite
RoadsAndHighways
Skyscrapers
Search
Search
CivilEngineeringForum
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
18/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
Award
TopContributors
Youcanlistyourselfherebysubmittingcivilengineeringrelatedtopicstous.
Er.Vikrant
Er.RajM.Khan
SreenivasaHassanJayaram
RamaseshIyer
Er.KaushalKishore
VincentT.H.CHU
YahooGroupCivilEngineeringPortal
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
19/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
SubscribetoEngineeringCivil.com Enteremailaddress
Poweredbygroups.yahoo.com
SponsoredLinks
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
20/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
RecentlyAdded
Bridges&HighwaysEngineering&MaintenanceSummit2017
SkyscrapersAsiaSummit2017
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
21/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
11thAirfieldEngineering&MaintenanceSummit2016
SuperDuctileRebarsforEarthquakeProneBuildings
ManufacturinginRCCConstructionPrefabricatedrebars
BridgeDesignPracticeinNorthAmericaAnOverview
DesignAspectsForTerroristResistantBuildings
DifferentFailuresinRCCBuildings
ComparisonBetweenCPCC,FBEC&CRSD
Safety/StabilityofRCCstructureduringearthquakeAchallengetoovercome
CivilEngineeringLinks
GeminiGeek
TheBigger
CivilEngr.SoftwareDatabase
ImpressiveBuildings
CivilEngineeringLinks
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
22/23
24/9/2016
LateralTorsionalBucklingofLongSpanSuspensionBridge:GeometricallyNonlinearAnalysisUnderWindLoad
Engine
18Klikes
LikePage
Bethefirstofyourfriends
tolikethis
AboutUs|ContactUs|Disclaimer|CopyrightPolicy|PrivacyPolicy|Media|Testimonials
AllRightsReserved:20072016|
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/lateraltorsionalbucklingoflongspansuspensionbridgegeometricallynonlinearanalysisunderwindload.html
23/23