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4/25/2016
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Materials of Construction I
1. The major material of construction in a soda ash plant is
(a) Cast iron
(b) PVC
(c) Graphite
(d) Stainless steel
2. HCL absorber is made of
(a) Stainless steel
(b) Mild steel
(c) Karbate
(d) Aluminium
3. Which of the following classes of stainless steel does not contain nichel?
(a) Ferritic
(b) Austinitic
(c) Martensitic
(d) None of these
4. Monel is an alloy of
(a) iron and silicon
(b) copper and chromium
(c) nickel and molybdenum
(d) copper and nickel
5. Monel contains copper and nickel in the ratio of
(a) 1 : 1
(b) 1 : 2
(c) 2 : 1
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(d) 4 : 1
6. Inconel typically contains
(a) 76% Fe, 7% Cr, 15% Ni
(b) 15% Fe, 7% Ni, 76% Cr
(c) 76% Ni, 7% Fe, 15% Cr
(d) none of the above
7. In addition to nickel, chromium and iron, hastealloy contains
(a) silicon
(b) aluminium
(c) niobium
(d) molybdenum
8. Which of the following metals is called metallic glass?
(a) lead
(b) molybdenum
(c) tantalum
(d) titanium
9. Which of thefollowingstainless steel variety has thehighestcorrosion resistance?
(a) Type 304
(b) Type 304 L
(c) Type 321
(d) Type 316
10. Brass is an alloy of
(a) copper and nickel
(b) copper and zinc
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(c) copper and tin

(d) zinc and tin
11. Bronze is an alloy of
(a) copper and zinc
(b) zinc and tin
(c) copper and tin
(d) nickel and tin
12. Traditionally copper hasbeenused as a material of construction for equipment used in
(a) food industry, particularly in brewing
(b) chlorination of benzene
(c) concentration of nitric acid
(d) absorption of HCl acid gas
13. Aluminium is suitable as a material of construction for vessels handling
(a) 80% H2SO4
(b) 98% H2SO4
(c) HCl of all concentrations
(d) HNO3of concentration greater than 85%
14. Copper is not attacked by
(a) hot concentrated nitric acid
(b) hot concentrated sulfuric acid
(c) cold, dilute, unaerated sulfuric acid
(d) cold, dilute hydrochloric acid
15. The rate of corrosion of mild steel by sulfuric acid is unacceptably high for
(a) dilute acid
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(b) acid at concentrations above 70%

(c) acid of intermediate concentrations
(d) both (a) and (b)
16. Material of construction for heat exchanger tubes handling sea water is
(a) mild steel
(b) stainless steel
(c) cupro - nickel alloys (70 % Cu, 30 % Ni)
(d) aluminium
17. Which one of the following materials contains copper?
(a) SS 321
(b) Inconel 0.05%
(c) Monel
(d) Karbate
18. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel is due to the
(a) formation of a thin oxide film on the surface
(b) formation of graphitic carbon on the surface
(c) formation of an inert Fe - C - Fe type complex chain
(d) none of the foregoing
19. Stainless steel is particularly susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in the presence of
(a) dilute H2SO4
(b) concentrated HNO3
(c) dilute phosphoric acid
(d) chloride solution
20. Under oxidizingenvironmentthe use of mild steel as material of construction is limited to
temperatures
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(a) below 1000C

(b) below 2000C
(c) below 5000C
(d) below 10000C
21. Impellers of 98% sulfuric acid pumpare made of
(a) mild steel
(b) cast iron
(c) lead
(d) illium (a nickel - chrome alloy)
22. For transportation of 98% sulfuric acid at temperatures above 50oC,
(a) cast iron pipes are preferred
(b) mild steel pipes are preferred
(c) galvanized iron pipes are preferred
(d) pipes mentioned in parts (a), (b), (c) are equally useful
23. Storage vessel for hot 90% sulfuric acid is made of
(a) lead
(b) cast iron
(c) cast iron containing 14% silicon
24. Material of construction of vessels handling boiling nitric acid of any concentration is
(a) lead
(b) cast iron
(c) mild steel
(d) high - silicon iron
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25.Karbateis
(a) an alloy of copper and nickel
(b) chemically impregnated carbon
(c) high - silicon iron
(d) an alloy of copper, tin and zinc
26. For sitrations where uniform corrosion occurs, corrosion rates are usually expressed as a
penetration rate in inch per year (ipy) or mills per year (mpy). Now one mill is equal to
(a) 0.1 inch
(b) 0.01 inch
(c) 0.001 inch
(d) 0.001 millimeter
27. Which of the following is corrosive to titanium metal?
(a) dry chlorine
(b) wet chlorine
(c) dilute hydrochloric acid
(d) 20% sodium chloride solution
28. The corrosion resistance of titanium is due to
(a) the formation of an oxide film as in stainless steel
(b) inert titanium which is not attacked by chemicals
(c) the formation of titanium carbide which is inert
(d) some hitherto unknown reason
29. Corrosion in after boiler steam and condensate lines occurs due to
(a) pitting by oxygen present in steam and condensate
(b) generalized thinning of metal piping because of low pH
(c) both (a) and (b)
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(d) neither (a) nor (b)

30. Which of the following is the most effective oxygen scavenger used in steam and condensate
lines?
(a) Hydrazine
(b) sodium sulfite
(c) soda ash
(d) morpholine
31. Which of the following statements about hydrazine is / are true?
(a) Hydrazine is an excellent oxygen scavenger and passivates iron and
copper surfaces, rendering them less susceptible to corrosion
(b) Hydrazine reacts with oxygen to produce corrosive nitric acid
(c) Hydrazine produces solid products on reaction with oxygen, the solids
get deposited on the steam lines and cause problems
32. Modern day caustic - chlorine plants are usually equipped with systems capable of
neutralizing chlorine gas under plant upset conditions to prevent releases. The material of
construction for a typical caustic scrubber is
(a) carbon steel
(b) stainless steel 304
(c) polyvinyl chloride lined FRP
(d) copper
33. Most economic material of construction of storage vessels for 40% caustic soda solution in
the temperature range of 200C to 400C is
(a) cast iron
(b) carbon steel
(c) monel
(d) zirconium
34. Which of the following components present in stainless steel is called an austinite former?
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(a) niobium
(b) chromium
(c) molybdenum
(d) nickel
35. Molybdenum is added to stainless steel to improve its
(a) toughness
(b) ductility
(c) case of weldability
(d) pitting and crevice corrosion resistance
36. Which of the following is called ferrite former?
(a) nickel
(b) niobium
(c) molybdenum
(d) chromium
37. When nickel is added to straight - chromium stainless steel, the structure changer from
(a) austenitic to ferritic
(b) ferritic to sigma phase
(c) ferritic to austenitic
(d) austenitic to martensitic
38. When the carbon content of iron - chromium alloys is increased, the chromium content
above which the steel no longer becomes austenitic on heating
(a) increases
(b) decreases
(c) remain unchanged
39. Sensitization in stainless steel is
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(a) the combining of chromium with carbon along grain boundaries to

form chromium carbides which gives rise to intergranular corrosion
(b) the combining of carbon with hydrogen to produce methane which
reduces the ductility
(c) the combining of nickel with carbon to form nickel carbide that
improves the corrosion resistance of stainless steel in the presence of
chloride ions
40. Evaporator tubes for concentration of caustic soda solutions are usually made of
(a) stainless steel 316
(b) mild steel
(c) nickel
(d) aluminium
41. Presence of ammonia can readily cause stress corrosion cracking of
(a) nickel
(b) copper
(c) stainless steel 321
(d) zirconium
42. Zirconium alloys have excellent resistance to
(a) reducing chloride solutions
(b) oxidizing chloride solutions
(c) both reducing and oxidizing chloride solution
(d) dry chlorine gas, chloride solutions, oxidizing or reducing, greatly
corrode the materials
43. Which of the following performs best under reducing conditions?
(a) stainless steel
(b) aluminium
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(c) titanium
(d) copper - base alloys
44. Copper is suitable as a material of construction for handling warm dilute acetic acid provided
(a) the solution contains little ammonia
(b) the solution is aerated
(c) the solution is not aerated
(d) the solution contains an oxidizing agent such as chromic acid
45. Copper - base alloys are resistant to
(a) nitric acid of any concentration
(b) chromic acid of any concentration
(c) most alkaline solutions at room temperatures
(d) aqueous ammonia solutions
46. Which of the following materials will not corrode aluminium?
(a) 90 % sulfuric acid
(b) 20 % hydrochloric acid
(c) 20 % caustic soda solution
(d) 90 % nitric acid
47. There are two special areas of chemicals production in which aluminum is used as material
of construction. They are
(a) concentration of caustic soda solution by evaporation and
manufacture of hydrochloric acid
(b) manufacture of hydrogen peroxide and distribution of highly
concentrated nitric acid
48. Suitable material of construction for equipment handling dry halogen gases and chlorinated
hydrocarbons is
(a) stainless steel
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(b) aluminium alloys

(c) titanium
(d) monel (66% Ni, 33% Cu)
49. The alloy of composition 70% nickel, 28% molybdenum and 2% iron is called
(a) Monel alloy No. 400
(b) Hastilloy - B
(c) Carpenter alloy 20
(d) Hastilloy C
50. Hastilloy B is generally suitable as a material of construction for
(a) strongly oxidizing conditions
(b) reducing conditions
(c) both oxidizing and reducing conditions
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(c) copper and tin

(b) acid at concentrations above 70%

(a) below 1000C

(d) neither (a) nor (b)

(a) the combining of chromium with carbon along grain boundaries to

(b) aluminium alloys

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