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Abstract:
Biofuel is regard as renewable energy. Liquid fuels are likely to remain the primary energy
source at least the next few decades. Biofuels are widely recognised as an important means of
lowering the carbon emissions of transport. They may also provide benefits such as increased
energy security and rural economic development. Consequently, a number of national
governments across the world have put in place legislation to require biofuels to form a
proportion of the road transport fuel mix. In this context we will talk about which plant are used
for producing bio fuel. Their problem and which plant should be used and future plan.

Introduction:
It is said that fossil fuel will last for few decay. That increase the price for energy production. So
the world is searching for alternative and biofuel is the best renewable alternative. Reducing the
greenhouse gas emissions of transport, particularly road transport, is one of the major challenges
for policy makers tasked with tackling climate change. Despite advances in vehicle fuel
efficiency, aggregate emissions from transport increased by 24% from 19902008 and now
represent approximately 20% of total annual greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. If these
stretching greenhouse gas reduction targets are to be met, reductions in emissions from transport,
particularly .road transport, must play a significant part. It has been estimated that an 80%
overall reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.

What is Biofuel:
Biofuel is most commonly defined as a renewable source of energy, which is produced from
biological material or biomass, such as sugar cane, corn, cellulose or vegetable oils. The strategic
goal of biofuel is to supplement or even replace fossil fuels, the amount of which is constantly
and rapidly diminishing. It extracts from various kind of plant.
The most widely spread types of biofuel these days are ethanol and biodiesel.

Why Biofuel:
Advantages of Biofuels:
Cost Benefit: As of now, biofuels cost the same in the market as gasoline does. However, the
overall cost benefit of using them is much higher. They are cleaner fuels, which means they
produce fewer emissions on burning. Biofuels are adaptable to current engine designs and
perform very well in most conditions. This keeps the engine running for longer, requires less
maintenance and brings down overall pollution check costs. With the increased demand of

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biofuels, they have a potential of becoming cheaper in future as well. So, the use of biofuels will
less of a drain on the wallet.
Easy To Source: Gasoline is refined from crude oil, which happens to be a non-renewable
resource. Although current reservoirs of gas will sustain for many years, they will end sometime.
Biofuels are made from many different sources such as manure, waste from crops and plants
grown specifically for the fuel.
Renewable: Most of the fossil fuels will expire and end up in smoke one day. Since most of the
sources like manure, corn, switchgrass, soyabeans, waste from crops and plants are renewable
and are not likely to run out any time soon, making the use of biofuels efficient in nature. These
crops can be replanted again and again.
Reduce Greenhouse Gases: Fossil fuels, when burnt, produce large amount of greenhouse gases
i.e. carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases trap sunlight and cause planet to
warm. The burning of coal and oil increases the temperature and causes global warming. To
reduce the impact of greenhouse gases, people around the world are using biofuels. Studies
suggests that biofuels reduces greenhouse gases up to 65 percent.
Economic Security: Not every country has large reserves of crude oil. For them, having to
import the oil puts a huge dent in the economy. If more people start shifting towards biofuels,
then the dependence on the imports will decrease. More jobs will be created with a growing
biofuel industry, which keeps our economy secure.
Reduce Dependance on Foreign Oil: While locally grown crops has reduce the nations
dependance on fossil fuels, many experts believe that it will take a long time to solve our energy
needs. As prices of crude oil is touching sky high, we need some more alternative energy
solutions to reduce our dependance on fossil fuels.
Lower Levels of Pollution: Since biofuels can be made from renewable resources, they cause
lesser pollution to the planet. However, that is not the only reason why the use of biofuels is
being encouraged. They release lower levels of carbon dioxide and other emissions when burnt,
which means they pollute the environment in lesser amounts. Although the production of
biofuels creates carbon dioxide as a byproduct, it is frequently used to grow the plants that will
be converted into the fuel. This allows it to become something close to a self-sustaining system.
Disadvantages of Biofuels:

High Cost of Production: Even with all the benefits associated with biofuels, they are quite
expensive to produce in the current market. As of now, the interest and capital investment being

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put into biofuel production is fairly low but it can match demand. If the demand increases, then
increasing the supply will be a long term operation, which will be quite expensive. Such a
disadvantage is still preventing the use of biofuels from becoming more popular.
Monoculture: Monoculture refers to practice of producing same crops year after year, rather
than producing various crops through a farmers fields over time. While, this might be
economically attractive for farmers but growing same crop every year may deprive the soil of
nutrients that are put back into the soil through crop rotation.
Use of Fertilizers: As biofuels are produced from crops and these crops need fertilizers to grow
better. The downside of using fertilizers is that they can have harmful effects on surrounding
environment and may cause water pollution. Fertilizers contain nitrogen and phosphorus. They
can be washed away from soil to nearby lake, river or pond.
Shortage of Food: Biofuels are extracted from plants and crops that have high levels of sugar in
them. However, most of these crops are also used as food crops. Even though waste material
from plants can be used as raw material, the requirement for such food crops will still exist. It
will take up agricultural space from other crops, which can create a number of problems. Even if
does not cause an acute shortage of food, it will definitely put pressure on the current growth of
crops. One major worry being faced by farmers is that the growing use of biofuels may just mean
a rise in food prices as well.
Industrial Pollution: The carbon footprint of biofuels is lesser than traditional forms of fuel
when it is burnt. However, the process with which they are produced makes up for that.
Production is largely dependent on lots of water and lots of oil. Large scale industries meant for
churning out biofuel are known to emit large amounts of emissions and cause small scale water
pollution as well. There is also heavy soil erosion caused in areas that are meant only for growth
of raw materials. Unless more efficient means of production are put into place, the overall carbon
emission does not get a very big dent in it.
Water Use: Large quantities of water are required to irrigate the biofuel crops and it may impose
strain on local and regional water resources, if not managed wisely. In order to produce corn
based ethanol to meet local demand for biofuels, massive quantities of water are used that could
put unsustainable pressure on local water resources.
Future Rise in Price: Current technology being employed for the production of biofuels is not
as efficient as it should be. Scientists are engaged in developing better means by which we can
extract this fuel. However, the cost of research and future installation means that the price of
biofuels will see a significant spike. As of now, the prices are comparable with gasoline and are
still feasible. Constantly rising prices may make the use of biofuels as harsh on the economy as
the rising gas prices are doing right now.

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Classification of Biofuel:
Biofuels fall into two main categories: bioalcohol and biodiesel. There are two types of biofuels

First-generation biofuels, extracted from agricultural products: beetroot, rape seed, etc.
Second-generation biofuels, produced using the inedible part of plants.

Different technologies are used to convert biomass into liquid fuels or chemical products.
Air Liquide is developing Bioliq, a process that produces second-generation biofuels using straw
in three successive stages:
1. The first step in the process consists of high-temperature pyrolysis of the straw to convert
it into synthetic crude: bioliqSynCrude.
2. The second step consists of gasification, i.e. the transformation of the synthetic crude into
synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
3. Through several chemical reactions, the Bioliq process then converts the synthesis gas
into methanol or directly into biofuels.
The Bioliq process can produce 1 liter of diesel from 7 kg of straw.
Second-generation biofuels present an energy and environmental advantage, they have a much
better carbon footprint than other fuels: up to 90% reduction in CO 2 emissions compared to
mineral fuels and about 50% compared to first-generation biofuels.

Plants are used for Biofuel:

Corn
In the world of ethanol, corn is king. Turning sugar-rich corn into ethanol is much like brewing
beer. Using corn kernels in the fermentation process is cheaper than using the entire corn plant.
The sugar in the stalks and leaves of corn plants play hide and seek in a substance known as
cellulose. Cellulose is difficult and expensive to break down. However, researchers are trying to
make that process more cost effective. Scientists at Michigan State say their new strain of corn,

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Spartan Corn, will make the production of ethanol from plant waste cheaper and less time
consuming [ Science Daily].
Rapeseed/Canola
People have been using rapeseed oil to cook food and illuminate homes for centuries. Today,
rapeseed oil is an important form of biodiesel fuel. Perhaps the most important type of rapeseed
oil comes from canola, a type of rapeseed.
Canola and other types of rapeseed have a higher oil content than other vegetable plants, which
means canola and rapeseed can generate more energy when burned. Biodiesel made from
rapeseed and canola oils releases less carbon monoxide than diesel fuel. Biodiesel made from
rapeseed and canola is very efficient in powering heavy machinery and other vehicles. In
general, engines that run on biodiesel are more efficient than gasoline-powered engines.
Sugarcane
Brazil invested billions of dollars to make the transition and eventually sugarcane ethanol
became less expensive than gasoline. By the mid-1980s, every driver in Brazil was driving a
vehicle that was ethanol-powered. Producing ethanol from sugarcane is six times less expensive
than producing ethanol from corn. Growing sugarcane requires fewer chemicals, including
pesticides and fertilizers.
Palm Oil
Palm oil is the Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde of biofuels. On one hand, palm oil, extracted from the
fruit of palm trees, is one of the more energy-efficient biodiesel fuels on the market. Diesel
engines don't have to be modified to run on palm oil biodiesel, and biodiesel from palm oil
releases less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than gasoline. Plus, palm oil helps the
economies of Malaysia and Indonesia, where most palm tree plantations are located.
Jatropha
In the world of biofuel, the ugly, poisonous weed jatropha is a rock star. The jatropha bush grows
quickly, does well when water is scarce and with seeds that have 40 percent oil content, jatropha
can help the world rely less on crude oil. India is the largest producer of jatropha. In fact India's
biodiesel industry centers on the plant, bringing economic benefits to rural farmers who can
grow the crop on land ill-suited for food production. The jatropha bush, which has a lifespan of
50 years, does well on land ravaged by drought or pests. According to one estimate, 2.47 acres (1
hectare) of jatropha produces 0.83 tons (752 kilograms) to 2.20 tons (1995.81 kilograms) of oil.
Soybeans

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A bushel of soybeans can produce 1.5 gallons of biodiesel. According to Purdue University, the
yield of biodiesel per acre of soy rises proportionate to the density of the plant. In other words,
dense planting does not negatively impact fuel production capability. For instance, 40 bushels of
soy planted per acre will yield 59.2 gallons of 18 percent B1000 per acre. If 60 bushels are
planted per acre, per acre 18 percent B1000 yield will be 88.8 gallons. Findings by The
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences show that soy biodiesel produces more usable
energy and reduces greenhouse gases more than ethanol.
Cottonseed
Although it's chiefly used to fry potato chips and other snacks, cottonseed oil can be transformed
into biodiesel. The oil makes up about 20 percent of the cotton plant. More than 1 gallon (3.78
liters) of cottonseed is required to replace 1 gallon (3.78 liters) of standard diesel fuel. According
to Michael O'Hare at the University of California, Berkeley, an acre of cottonseed produces 35
gallons (132.5 liters) of oil, a third less than rapeseed.

Sunflowers
Sunflowers are big and beautiful, and baseball players love to chew the seeds. Those seeds are
rich in oil, which makes the sunflower a popular biofuel crop. Refineries process the oil into
biodiesel, or use the plant waste as biomass, which can fuel factories and power plants.
According to the National Sunflower Association, 1 acre (.4 hectares) of sunflowers can produce
600 pounds (272.1 kilograms) of oil.
Sunflowers are big business in Dove Creek, Colo. Many farmers began planting acres of
sunflowers a few years ago turning the flowers' oil into biodiesel to power their farm equipment.
By 2008, thousands of acres around the town were yellow with sunflowers. Farmers sold some
of the seeds to a bioenergy company that turned the oilseed into biofuel and pressed the flowers'
plant waste into tiny fuel pellets. Workers converted the pellets into gas, which the company used
to fuel its electric generator.
Wheat
When it comes to ethanol production in the United States, wheat is corn's ugly stepsister. While
refineries produce ethanol from various types of "feedstock," including wheat and barley,
roughly 90 percent of America's ethanol comes from corn. Ethanol is mainly used to power
motor vehicles and is often blended with gasoline. In Europe, however, using wheat as an energy
crop is on the rise. Great Britain's first wheat-based ethanol plant, which opened in 2010, is
expected to produce 106 million gallons (4 million liters) of the biofuel each year. The company
expects to use about 1.2 million tons (907.18 kilograms) of wheat annually [source: Bakhsh].
Many people are concerned that growing wheat as an energy crop will divert the grains needed

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for food. Researchers from the University of Illinois say food prices spike when farmers grow
wheat and corn for use as a biofuel.
Switchgrass
Switchgrass is a diverse plant that can grow as tall as 10 feet and is used in the production of
ethanol and biodiesel. Ethanol is a type of biofuel for automobiles that run on nondiesel fuel.
According to Auburn University professor David Bransby, switchgrass makes an ideal biodiesel
plant because it is perennial, meaning that one planting can produce numerous crops over the
course of several years. Bransby further asserts that using switchgrass as a fuel plant can reduce
carbon dioxide output, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Plant to Make Jet Fuel:

There are two major reasons companies are developing biofuels. The first is the growing price of
aviation fuel over the past ten years. Fuel represents 35 to 40 percent of airline operating costs.
Second, airlines want to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide they release into the air. The gas is
linked to rises in atmospheric temperature. The International Air Transport Association is a trade
group that represents 240 airlines. It said the airline industry is responsible for two percent of
global, man-made carbon releases.

Tobacco: A new tobacco plant known as Solaris. The Dutch biofuel company SkyNRG
developed the plant. It contains less of the drug nicotine than traditional tobacco.

Hemp plant: It might be able to produce enough fuel to power their whole farm with the
oil from the seeds they produce.

Pine trees are highly recommending to produce bio diesel for jet engine.

Electricity Generation from Biofuels:

Biomass
Growing crops of wood or other kinds of biomass to burn as fuel for generating electricity has
some appeal as a means of utilizing the solar energy captured by photosynthesis for electrical
power generation. The main advantages of biofuels are that they are renewable energy resources
which ultimately do not contribute to global warming.

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Biofuels
Fast growing woods and grasses are ideal sources of biomass fuels, but it is also possible to use
agricultural and even household and industrial wastes. In Australia and Latin America sugar cane
pulp, known as bagasse, is burned as a valuable energy source as a by-product of the sugar
production.
The table below shows typical crop yields and energy content of some biofuels.

Crop Yields and Energy Content

Crop Yield

Energy Content

(ODT/ha/yr)

(GJ/tonne)

Poplar

8 to 10

18.5

Willow

10 to 15

18.5

Miscanthus

10 to 13

17

Switchgrass

9 to 10

18.3

Reed canarygrass 5 to 15

16.2

Crop

This compares with less than 1 hectare (2.5 acres) of land required to support two 5 MegaWatt
wind turbines.

Electricity Generating Plant

Generating plant fuelled by biomass uses conventional steam turbine electricity generating plant
as used in coal fired power stations with modifications to the combustion chamber and fuel
handling systems to handle the bulkier fuel.

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Co-generation
Because of the poor energy conversion efficiencies of biomass fuels, practical generating
systems often employ co-firing with coal to achieve reasonable utilisation of the generating
plant.
Environmental Issues
While biomass crops provide an environmentally friendly fuel source for generating electrical
energy, their cultivation occupies land which may be better employed for food production.

Which Plant should use as Biofuel:

Actually we should use second generation biofuel. And also those plant where biofuel is
byproduct.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Sugarcane
Cotton seed
Jatropha
Rice
Hemp plant
Pine tree
Switch grass. etc

Future plan for biofuel:

Desert plants to be put to the test for aviation biofuel production

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A discovery by the Sustainable Bioenergy Research Consortium (SRBC) that desert plants fed by
seawater can produce biofuel more efficiently than other well-known feedstocks could help
alleviate such concerns.
Halophytes a sustainable biofuel that emits 50 to 80 percent less carbon through its lifecycle than
fossil fuels., which are highly salt tolerant.
SRBC researchers found that halophyte seeds contain oil suitable for biofuel production and that
the entire shrub-like plant can be turned into biofuel more effectively than many other
feedstocks.

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To test their findings, the SRBC team will create a test ecosystem over the coming year that will
see two crops of halophytes planted in the sandy soil found in Abu Dhabi. The test site will use
waste seawater from a fish and shrimp farm to nourish the plants, with the water then flowing
into a field of mangroves before being returned to the ocean.
Researching desert land and seawater to grow sustainable biofuel feedstocks, which has potential
applications in through of the world, This can have a global impact, since 97 percent of the
earths water is ocean and 20 percent of the earths land is desert."

A list of trees which are used for biofuel, Biofuel plant, Energy Capacity.
Crop
maize (corn)
cashew nut
oats
lupin (lupine)

Kg oil/ha/ya
145
148
183
195

Litter/ha
172
176
217
232

Ibs/acre
129
132
163
175

Us Gal/Acre
18
19
23
25

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kenaf
calendula
cotton
hemp
soybean
coffee
flax (linseed)
hazelnuts
euphorbia
pumpkin seed
coriander
mustard seed
camelina
sesame
safflower
rice
tung tree
sunflowers
cacao (cocoa)
peanut
opium poppy
rapeseed
olives
castor beans
pecan nuts
jojoba
jatropha
macadamia nuts
brazil nuts
coconut
chinese tallow
oil palm

230
256
273
305
375
386
402
405
440
449
450
481
490
585
655
696
790
800
863
890
978
1000
1019
1188
1505
1528
1590
1887
2010
2260
3950
5000

273
305
325
363
446
459
478
482
524
534
536
572
583
696
779
828
940
952
1026
1059
1163
1190
1212
1413
1791
1818
1892
2246
2392
2689
4700
5950

205
229
244
272
335
345
359
362
393
401
402
430
438
522
585
622
705
714
771
795
873
893
910
1061
1344
1365
1420
1685
1795
2018
3500
4465

Table 1: Plants are used for producing biofuel.

29
33
35
39
48
49
51
51
56
57
57
61
62
74
83
88
100
102
110
113
124
127
129
151
191
194
202
240
255
287
500
635

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Name
Cashew
Neem
Kenjige Reku
Kempu Kanchuvala
Maradi Pappu
Duck vine
Hommuttuga
Masivala
Gandhagarige
Mullu muttuga
Kumbala mara
Hole geru
Dodda holegeru
Kadu haralu
Hippe
Hippe
Hole hippe
Ranjala, bakula
Kolu gida
Pali mara
Honge mara
Haralu
Benduga
Ashoka mara
Gudde geru, kadu geru
Amatekayi
Kudure Gotu, huli taradu
Kempu dale
Bili dale
Kampale
Tudagenasu, Galavara
Suragi
Surahonne
Murugala
Sampige
Tare
Bilva

Scientific name
Anacardium occidentale
Azadirachta indica
Baccaurea courtallensis
Bauhinia variegate
Buchanania axillaris
Bridelia stipularis
Butea superba
Chloroxylon swietenia
Chukrasia tabularis
Erythrina suberosa
Glochidion zeylancium
Holigarna arnottiana
Holigarna grami
Jatropha curcas
Madhuca indica
Madhuca longifolia
Madhuca neriifolia
Mimusops elengi
Pterygota alata
Palaquium ellipticum
Pongamia pinnata
Ricinus communis
Scleropyrum pentandrum
Saraca Asoca
Semecarpus anacardium
Spondias pinnata
Streculia guttata
Streculia urens
Streculia villosa
Xantolis tomentosa
Actinodaphne hookeri
Ochrocarpus longifolius
Calophyllum inophyllum
Garcinia indica
Michelia champaca
Terminalia bellirica
Aegle mormelos

Oil content Percentage

40-60
35-42
20-35
20-30
20-35
20-35
20-30
30-40
20-28
20-25
25-35
25-35
25-35
30-35
25-35
25-35
20-30
25-30
30-40
25-30
20-35
45-50
40-45
50-60
30-35
25-30
30-45
30-40
25-30
20-35
32-48
30
50-70
~25
45
31
49

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Table 2: Oil content in various oil seeds

Name

City

Feedstock

Carlisle

Stat
e
PA

Used Cooking Oil

Capacity(MMgy
)
0.01

Dickinson College
Biodiesel
Central Washington
Biodiesel LLC
Dallas County
Schools
Enviro-Brite
Solutions
BlackGold Biofuels

Ellensburg

WA

WVO

0.02

Dallas

TX

WVO

0.025

Oscoda

MI

WVO

0.084

Philadelphia

PA

0.26

Liverpool
Anchorage

TX
AK

Trap Grease/Wastewater
Sludge
WVO
Used Cooking Oil

Eberle Biodiesel
Alaska Green Waste
Solutions Inc.
Beaver Biodiesel
LLC
Chesapeake Green
Fuels
Bently Biofuels
Company
Blue Ridge Biofuels
LLC
Emergent Green
Energy

Portland

OR

Multi-Feedstock

0.94

Adamstown

MD

Multi-Feedstock

Minden

NV

Multi-Feedstock

Asheville

NC

Yellow Grease

Minneola

KS

Multi-Feedstock

1.2

0.3
0.3

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Adkins Energy
Biodiesel
Bridgeport Biodiesel
LLC
Down to Earth
Energy LLC
Extreme Biodiesel
Inc.
Evans Environmental
Energies Inc.
Ever Cat Fuels LLC
BioVantage Fuels
LLC
Blue Sky Biofuels
FL Biofuels LLC
Bay Biodiesel LLC

Lena

IL

Distillers Corn Oil

Bridgeport

CT

Multi-Feedstock

Monroe

GA

Multi-Feedstock

Corona

CA

Multi-Feedstock

Wilson

NC

Animal Fats/Soy Oil

Isanti
Belvidere

MN
IL

Multi-Feedstock
Soy Oil/ Corn Oil/WVO

3
3.5

Oakland
Fort Myers

CA
FL
CA

4
4.5
5

Buffalo Biodiesel
Inc.
Ethos Alternative
Energy
Evergreen
Renewables LLC
Foothills BioEnergies LLC
Global Fuels LLC
Big Island Biodiesel
LLC
Allied Renewable
Energy LLC
OPDA Biodiesel
Production Facility
Biodiesel of Las
Vegas
Genuine Bio-Fuel
Inc.
Clinton County Bio
Energy LLC
Biodico Sustainable
Biorefineries - Five
Points
General Biodiesel
Northwest

Tonawanda

NY

Multi-Feedstock
WVO
Virgin Oils/Yellow
Grease
Yellow Grease

Meridian

MS

Multi-Feedstock

Hammond

IN

Multi-Feedstock

Lenoir

NC

Multi-Feedstock

Dexter
Kea`au

MO
HI

Animal Fats/Soy Oil

Multi-Feedstock

5
5.5

Birmingham

AL

Multi-Feedstock

Odessa

WA

Canola Oil

Las Vegas

NV

Multi-Feedstock

Indiantown

FL

WVO, Tallow

9.2

Clinton

IA

10

Five Points

CA

Soy Oil/ Corn Oil/Animal

Fats
Multi-Feedstock

Seattle

WA

Multi-Feedstock

10

10

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W2 Fuel Crawfordsville
Delek Renewables
LLC
Community Fuels
Bio-Alternative LLC
Global Alternative
Fuels LLC
Crimson Renewable
Energy LP
Blue Sun St. Joe
Refinery
Ag Processing Inc. Sergeant Bluff
Ag Processing Inc. St. Joseph
Deerfield Energy
LLC
Western Dubuque
Biodiesel LLC

Crawfordsville IA

Soy Oil/Corn Oil

10

Cleburne

TX

Animal Fats

12

Encinitas
Covington
El Paso

CA
IN
TX

Multi-Feedstock
Multi-Feedstock
Used Cooking Oil

15
15.5
18

Bakersfield

CA

Multi-Feedstock

22

St. Joseph

MO

30

Sergeant
Bluff
St. Joseph

IA

Corn Oil/Animal
Fat/WVO/FOG
Soy Oil

MO

Soy Oil

30

Deerfield

MO

Soy Oil

30

Farley

IA

33

Channel Biorefinery
& Terminals LLC
Bioenergy
Development Group
Double Diamond
Energy Inc.
Delta American Fuel
LLC
Fuel: Bio One LLC

Houston

TX

Soy
Oil/Tallow/Canola/Refine
d Corn Oil/Refined WCO
Multi-Feedstock

Memphis

TN

Multi-Feedstock

40

Dimmitt

TX

Canola Oil/Soy Oil/WVO

40

Helena

AR

Soy Oil

40

Elizabeth

NJ

50

Cargill Inc. - Iowa

Falls
FutureFuel Chemical
Company
Ag Processing Inc. Algona
Cincinnati
Renewable Fuels
LLC
Delta Biofuels Inc.
Elevance Natchez
Inc.

Iowa Falls

IA

Animal Fats/Yellow
Grease
Soy Oil

Batesville

AR

Multi-Feedstock

60

Algona

IA

Soy Oil

60

Cincinnati

OH

Soy Oil

60

Natchez
Natchez

MS
MS

Animal Fats/Soy Oil

Soy oil

80
80

30

35

56

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Archer Daniels
Midland Co. - Velva

Velva

ND

Canola Oil

85

Table 3: Biofuel Plant in UA and their capacity

Conclusion:
Here we clearly see that biofuel will be great resource by reducing its disadvantage. The
researchers are going ahead with this topic. It possible to increase the efficiency of bio fuel
dramatically. The Plant Materials Program and their cooperating partners will continue to
identify potentially new herbaceous and woody biofuel species that can be integrated into typical
farming operations. Management response studies will be conducted to verify selections or
improve production guidelines on current and new biofuel crops .

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[Apendix]
1. http://www.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/biofuels/10-biofuel-crops.htm#page=11
2. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/49-plants-that-could-make-biofuel-lesstroublesome/
3. http://news.discovery.com/tech/alternative-power-sources/top-ten-sources-biofuel.htm
4. http://www.eia.gov/biofuels/biodiesel/production/
5. http://www.motherearthnews.com/green-transportation/biofuels-zkcz12zsch.aspx
6. http://biofuel.org.uk/biofuels-for-kids.html
7. http://www.mpoweruk.com/biofuels.htm
8. http://www.gizmag.com/halophyte-aviation-biofuel-desert-plants/30583/
9. http://biodiesel.engr.uconn.edu/research.html
10. http://www.ehow.com/list_7550544_list-biodiesel-plants.html
11. http://www.gizmag.com/halophyte-aviation-biofuel-desert-plants/30583/

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Content

Abstract.01
Introduction..01
What is biofuel..01
Why biofuel..01
Classification of Biofuel...03
Plant use for biofuel.04
Plant to make Jet fual..06
Electricity generation from biofuel.....07
Which plant should be used as biofuel.l.08
Future plan for biofuel09
Table.

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Conclusion.19
Appendix..20