NAME :

PLUMBING
PROJECT

ESTHER BIJU THOMAS

PAGE 1

STD: F.Y.I.D.D

DIV : (GOVT)

SUBJECT: MARKET STUDY &

PRACTICES

PROF: SMINA MENON

TOPIC: PLUMBING

INDEX
SR.N
O
1

TITLE
INTRODUCTION
PAGE 2

TTYPES of PIPE

FAUCETS

4
5
6
7

JOINTS
PUMPS
DRAINAGR
SANITATION

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BATHTUBS :

A BATHTUB IS A LARGE CONTAINER FOR HOLDING WATER IN

WITH A PERSON MAY BATHE. MOST MODEERN BATHTUB ARE MADE OF ACRYLIC OR

Fiberglass , but alternatives are available in enamel on steel or cast iron ;

occasionally, waterproof finished wood. A bathtub is usually placed in a
bathroom either as a stand alone fixture or in conjunction with a shower .
modern bathtubs have overflow and may have taps mounted on them .
Prize : RS 3,324 RS5,586.00

SINK :

SINK (ALSO SINKER, WASHBOWL, HAND BASIN OR

WASH

IS A BOWL SHAPED PLUMBING FIXTURE USED FOR

A
BASIN)

WASHING HAND

FOR DISHWASHING OR OTHER PURPOSES.

SINKS

GENERALLY HAVE FAUCETS (TAPS) THAT SUPPLY HOT AND COLD

WATER AND MAY INCLUDE A SPRAY FEATURE TO BE USED FOR
FASTER RINSING

SINKS MAY ALSO HAVE AN INTEGRATED SOAP

DISPENSER.

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W. C :

WC commonly refers to a water close (flush toilet) ,

a western commode (a toilet with a western bowl design ), or
to a room containing a flush toilet .
Prize : RS4,089 RS 5,269

SHOWER PANEL : A shower is a place in which a person bathes

under
a spray of , typically warm or hot , water . most shower have temperature ,
spray pressure and adjustable showerhead nozzle settings.
The simplest showers have a swivelling nozzle aiming down on the user.
More complex showers having a showerhead connected to a hose which has
a mounting bracket. This allows the user to spray the water at different parts
of their body . a shower can be installed in a small shower stall or in a
bathtub .

Prize :

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WASH BASIN:

A WASH BASIN ( ALSO WASH BOWL , HAND

DASIN AND WASH BASIN ) IS A BOWL SHAPED PLUMBING
FIXITURE USED FOR WASHING HAND . WASH BASIN
GENERALLY HAVE TAPS (FAUCETS) THAT SUPPLY HOT AND
COLD WATER AND MAY INCLUDE A SPRAY FEATURE TO BE
USED FOR FASTER RINSING.
Prize : RS 1,009 RS 7,239

BIDET: BIDET is a French loanword. Bidets are primarily

used to wash and clean the genitalia, perineum , inner
buttock , and anus.
Price : RS 6,156 RS 9,500

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A PLUMBING FIXTURE

IS AN EXCHANGEABLE DEVICE WHICH CAN

BE CONNECTED TO AN EXISTING PLUMBING SYSTEM TO DELIVER AND
DRAIN AWAY WATER BUT WHICH IS ALSO CONFIGURED TO ENABLE
A PARTICULAR USE .

FAUCETS

: water for baths, sinks and basins

can be provided by separate hot and cold taps ; this
arrangement is common in older installations,
particularly in public washroom /lavatories and utility
room / laundries . In kitchens and bathrooms mixer
taps are commonly used . in this case, hot and cold
water from the two valves is mixed before reaching
the outlet, allowing the water to emerge at any
temperature between that of the hot and cold water
supplies .
Prize :

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DRANAGE
DRAINAGE is a system of pipe work , usually installed below ground level to
convey the discharge from sanitary fitting , rain water gutters and down
pipes to a suitable disposal is to connect the pipework to the public sewer
which will convey the discharges to a local outhoritys sewage treatment
plant.

TYPES OF TRAPS :

IT is simply a bent tube placed under the basin of each water close .
It is of the P,S / Q type trap according to the outward or downward
direction of the out let .
IT is the best type of trap as it maintains siphon action and (p / s)
keeps a constant level of H2O
IN this case , water collects at the lower bend of S and the H 2O seat
should be 11/2 -2 inches ( 3.81- 5.08 cm) deep .
Anti D type of trap is generally condemned as it is not self
cleansing(Q) .
S trap w.c which required to be fitted to the drainage / sewage line
laid on the floor require such trap water seal is 5 cm or 2 inch
[both pound S ] .
P trap the outlet of the water closet goes in the wall connected to
the inlet of the sewage line [ note all p traps w c can be converted
to S trap model by rising a suitable convers bend , but the vice
versa is not possible]
Trap distance : distance from the cent of trap out let the wall
( incase of S trap distance X) and to the floor (incase of P trap
distance Y ) where the drainage outlet pipe has be laid for purpose
and correct installation . the varies form model to model hence is very
critical.

(Used for both Indian and European . w c . )

Floor trap / nahani trap : this trap is provided in the floor to collect water
from washbasin , shower , sink and bathroom etc . these are available in
cast iron or UPVC material and have removable grating (JALI) on the top .

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INTRODUCTION
PLUMBING IS THE SYSTEM OF PIPES , DRAINS FITTING ,
VALAES , VALVES ASSEMBLIES , AND DEVICES INSTALLED IN
A BUILDING FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF WATER FOR DRINKING ,
HEATING AND WASHING , AND THE REMOVAL OF WASTE BORNE WASTES,
AND THE SKILL TRADE OF WORKING
WITH PIPES , TUBING AND PLUMBING FIXTURES IN SUCH SYSTEMS . A
PLUMBER IS SOMEONE WHO INSTALLS OR REPAIRS PIPING SYSTEMS,
PLUMBING FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT SUCH AS WATER HEATERS AND
BACKFLOW PREVENTERS. THUS, PLUMBING USUALLY DEALS WITH LAYING
OF PIPE LINES WHICH PROVIDE A MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION FOR FLUIDS
. THE PLUMBING INDUSTRY IS A BASIC AND SUBSTANTIAL PART OF EVERY
DEVELOPED ECONOMY DUE TO THE NEED FOR CLEAN WATER , AND
SANITARY
COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT OF WASTES.

PLUMBING

IS USUALLY DISTINGUISHED FROM WATER SUPPLY AND

SEWAGE SYSTEMS , IN THAT A PLUMBING SYSTEM SERVES ONE
BUILDING , WHILE WATER AND SEWAGE SYSTEMS SERVE A GROUP OF
BUILDING .

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TYPES OF PIPES
PVC

: PVC STAND FOR POLY VINYL CHLORIDE . THIS TYPE OF PIPE HAS A
WIDE VARIETY OF PLUMBING USES FROM DRAINAGE PIPE TO WATER MAINS .
IT IS MOST COMMONLY USED FOR IRRIGATION PIPING , HOME , AND
BUILDING SUPPLY PIPING . PVC IS OFTEN WHITE BUT IT CAN ALSO COME IN
A WIDE VARIETY OF COLORS . YOU CAN OFTEN TELL WHAT IT IS USED FOR
BY THE COLORS AND MARKING ON THE PIPE . FOR EXAMPLE PURPLE PIPE
WITH BLACK LETTERING IS USED FOR RECLAIMED WATER . PVC ALSO COMES
IN A VARIETY OF THICKNESSES CALLED SCHEDULES . SCHEDULES 40 BEING
THE MOST COMMON FOR WATER DISTRIBUTION .
PVC PIPE SHOULD ALWAYS BE CLEARLY LABELED IF IT IS USED FOR BOTH
POTABLE (DRINKABLE) AND NON POTABLE WATER IN THE SAME BUILDING .
PVC GLUE THAT MELTS THE JOINTS AND PIPE TOGETHER.

CPVC: CPVC

STANDS FOR CHLORINATED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE . THIS

TYPE OF PIPE CAN STAND TEMPERATURES UP TO ABOUT 180 DEGREES
( THIS DEPENDS ON THE SCHEDULE) OR SO AND CAN BE USED FOR HOT
AND COLD WATER INSIDE OF A HOUSE OR MOBILE HOME . CPVC IS THE
SAME OUTSIDE DIAMETER AS COPPER SO PUSH FIT FITTING THAT FIT
COPPER , SUCH AS SHARK BITE, WILL FIT THE CPVC PPPING . LIKE WITH PVC
YOU SHOULD USE PRIMER AND A GLUE WHEN MAKING A CPVC JOINT. THIS
GLUE IS USUALLY A DIFFERENT COLOR LIKE ORANGE SO YOU KNOW
THAT IT IS USED FOR CPVC.

COPPER PIPRE :

THIS TYPE OF PIPE IS MOSTLY USED FOR HOT

AND COLD WATER DISTRIBUTION AS WELL AS BEING REGULARLY USED
IN HVAC SYSTEMS FOR REFRIGERANT LINES . COPPER PIPING WORKS IN
BOTH UNDERGROUND AND ABOVEGROUND APPLICATION , BUT COPPER
CAN BE AFFECTED BY SOME SOIL AND SHOULD BE SLEEVED IF USED
UNDERGROUND . COPPER COMES IN DIFFERENT THICK -NESS WHICH ARE
LABELED M, L, AND K. M IS THE THICKNESS GRADE OF COPPER . COPPER
IS CONNECTED BY SLIDERING PIPE INTO THE FITTINGS .

COMPANI

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DUTRON PLASTICS LIMITED

CAPTAIN PIPES LTD
PRINCE PIPES & FITTING PVT LTD.

GALVANIZIED PIPE :

GALVANIZIED PIPE IS A ZINK COATED

STEEL OR IRON PIPE . THIS GALVANIZED COATING KEEPS THE WATER
FROM EATING UP THE PIPE . BECAUSE OF THE AMOUNT OF WORK THAT
GOES INTO CUTTING , THREADING , AND INSTALLING GALVANIZED PIPE IS
STILL CONSIDERED A SAFE TRANSPORT FOR DRINKING WATER AND IS
STILL SEE IN LARGER COMMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS FOR WATER
DISTRIBUTION.

SIZE
PVC :

for water distribution system , the size of

PVC pipe generally runs from 1/2- to 11/4 - inches in diameter .
The main pipeline from the street is between - incher in diameter.
Individual pipes for fixtures such as sinks , showers and other
connections are generally - inch in diameter . water pressure
decreases for PVC pipes that rise above the water supply line , so the
second and third story of a house may require larger pipe diameters.
CPVC : SIZE in inch. ,3/4 , 1, 11/4 & 2

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COPPER PIPES :

INDIVIDUAL

MIN PIPE SIZE

PRIVATE

HOME

FIXTURES

BAR SINK

1.5

BATHTUB OR

4.0

WASHING MACHINE

4.0

DISHWASHER

1.5

HOSE BIB

2.5

HOSE BIB, EACH

1.0

KITCHEN SINK

1.5

LAUNDRY SINK

2.0

LAVATORY (BATHROOM

1.0

SHOWER

2.0

TOILET GRAVITY TANK

2.5

3.0

4.0

SHOWER

ADDITIONAL

SINK)

1.6
TOILET GRAVITY TANK

3.5 >
WHIRLPOOL BATH

Pressure range , 40 to 60 PSI , at a developed distance of 80 feet for copper

pipe.

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Galvanized pipes :
NOMINAL PIPE
SIZE

1
1-
1-1/2
2
2-1/2
3
3-1/2

Out side diameter( inches)

0.84
1.05
1.315
1.66
1.9
2.375
2.875
3.5
4

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