SBI 4U1 Exam Review!

Biochemisty
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Basic bonding types

Redox reactions
Water and its properties and uses
Bonding capacity of basic elements
Anabolic and catabolic reactions and their basic energetics
Functional groups
Buffer systems in living organisms
Osmosis and diffusionhypo/hyper/isotonic solutions
Membrane structure and transport (active & passive)
Enzyme action, structure, inhibition and significance to biology, industry and business
Basic organelle functions (Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast)
Macromolecules:
Carbohydrates
monomers
Lipids
polymers
Proteins
form and function, including examples
Nucleic Acids
dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions

Metabolism
1. - Cellular Respiration:

Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
ETC

products
reactants
location of events
its biological significance

- Anaerobic processes
2. - Photosynthesis: Light Reactions
Dark Reactions

products
reactants
location of events
its biological significance

- Cyclic and non-cyclic phosphorylation (basic)

- CAM vs. C3 vs. C4 plants

Genetics
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DNA and RNA form and function

History of DNA discovery
DNA replication and early experiments
Transcription and translationthe Central Dogma of biology
Modifications of primary transcripts (introns, exons)
Mutation types, examples and biological significance
lac and tryp operons and their biological significance
Gel electrophoresismethodology and application
Polymerase Chain Reaction, DNA sequencing, microarrays, pharming
Plasmid Mapping
Recombinant DNA and transgenic organismsmethodology, ethics and significance to industry

Homeostasis
1. Kidney form and function
2. Nephrontrace the passage of different molecules; understand the effects of various substances
on the body (coffee, alcohol)
3. Diabetes
4. Nervous system form and function
5. Anatomy of a nerve
6. How a nerve transmits impulses (sodium potassium pumprefer to biochemistry unit and
transport systems!)

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Neurotransmitters and synaptic communication

Nerve threshold and summation principle
Brain form and function
Eye, Ear form and function
Negative and positive feedback cyclesknow examples and biological significance of them
Reproductive hormones and feedback cycles
Endocrine system hormone chart-- target organs, functions, malfunctions, disease

Population Dynamics
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Density, exponential growth, logistic growth, quadrats, mark-recapture, doubling time calculations
(note: formulae will be given on the exam sheet)
Pop. Patterns (clumped, random)
Sampling techniques
Ecological vs. crude density
Limiting factors of a populationdensity dependent/independent factors; Allee effect
Survivorship Curves I-III and fecundity
Intra/interspecies competition types
Organism interactions (predation, herbivory, parasitism, mimicry, resource partitioning)
An overall understanding of the connectivity of relationships within and between species
Human demographics and age structure graphs
Sustainable living in everyday life