Design Notes For Seismic Assessment of Existing Structure in Accordance To Eurocode 8-Part 3

Design notes for seismic assessment
of existing structure in accordance

to EUROCODE 8-PART 3
VALENTINOS NEOPHYTOU BEng (Hons), MSc
REVISION 1: January, 2014
ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT
This publication provides a concise compilation of selected rules in the Eurocode 8 Part 1 &
3, together with relevant Cyprus National Annex, that relate to the seismic design of
common forms of concrete building structure in the South Europe. Rules from EN 1998-3
for global analysis, type of analysis and verification checks are presented. Detail design
check rules for concrete beam, column and shear wall, from EN 1998-3 are also presented.
This guide covers the assessment of orthodox members in concrete frames. It does not cover
design rules for steel frames. Certain practical limitations are given to the scope.
Due to time constraints and knowledge, I may not be able to address the whole issues.
Please send me your suggestions for improvement. Anyone interested to share his/her
knowledge or willing to contribute either totally a new section about Eurocode 8-3 or within
this section is encouraged.
For further details:
My LinkedIn Profile:
http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=125833097&trk=hb_tab_pro_top
Email: valentinos_n@hotmail.com
Slideshare Account: http://www.slideshare.net/ValentinosNeophytou
Design notes for Seismic Assessment to Eurocode 8 - Part 3
Limit state
Mean return
period in years
TR = 2475
(Vary Rare
Earthquake)
Near
Collapse (NC)
TR = 475
(Rare
Earthquake)
TR = 225
(Frequent
Earthquake)
Significant
Damage (SD)
TR = 2475
(Vary Rare
Earthquake)
FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENT LIMIT STATE (LS)

(EN1998-3,cl.2.1)
Combination
Probability of
of action and
exceedance in
Description
performance
50 years
levels
The structure is heavily damaged, with low
2%
2475/NCS
residual lateral strength and stiffness,

although vertical elements are still capable
of sustaining vertical loads. Most non-
10%
475/NC
structural components have collapsed. Large

permanent drifts are present. The structure
is near collapse and would probably not
20%
225/NC
survive another earthquake, even of

moderate intensity.
The structure is significantly damaged, with
2%
2475/SD
some residual lateral strength and stiffness,

and vertical elements are capable of
sustaining vertical loads. Non-structural
TR = 475
(Rare
Earthquake)
10%
Valentinos Neophytou BEng (Hons), MSc
475/SD
components are damaged, although

partitions and infills have not failed out-of-
Page 3 of 61

plane. Moderate permanent drifts are
TR = 225
(Frequent
Earthquake)
present. The structure can sustain after20%
225/SD
shocks of moderate intensity. The structure

is likely to be uneconomic to repair.
TR = 2475
(Vary Rare
Earthquake)
The structure is only lightly damaged, with

2%
2475/DL
structural elements prevented from

significant yielding and retaining their
strength and stiffness properties. Non-
Damage
Limitation
(DL)
TR = 475
(Rare
Earthquake)
10%
475/DL
structural components, such as partitions

and infills, may show distributed cracking,
but the damage could be economically
TR = 225
(Frequent
Earthquake)
repaired. Permanent drifts are negligible.

20%
225/DL
The structure does not need any repair

measures.
Note 1: TR values above same as for new buildings. National authorities may select lower values, and require compliance with only two limitstates.
Note 2: The acceptable performance level for ordinary buildings of importance should be Significant Damage which is roughly equivalent with
the No Collapse in EN1998-1.
Note 3: The National Authorities decide whether all three Limit States shall be checked, or two of them, or just one of them.
Note 4: The performance levels for which the three Limit States should be met are chosen either nationally through the National Annex to this
part of Eurocode 8, or by the owner if the country leaves the choice open.
Page 4 of 61
Performance Levels and Limit States
Page 5 of 61

PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS AND COMPLIANCE CRITERIA
(EN1998-1-1,cl.2.1)
Return-period ground motion in TR years

Value of the exponent, k
Importance factor based on
reference seismic action
k=3
1/
1/
Importance factor based on

reference probability of
exceeding the seismic action

Mean return period
EN19981-1,cl.2.1(4)
EN19981-1,cl.2.1(4)
EN19981-1,cl.2.1(4)
EN1998-1-1,cl.2.1(1)
Typical values and relationships of reference probabilities of exceedance and corresponding

return periods for a specific site.
Probability of exceedance PR
Time span TL
Mean return period TR
20%
10 years
45 years
10%
10 years
95 years
20%
50 years
224 years
10%
50 years
475 years
5%
50 years
975 years
10%
100 years
949 years
5%
100 years
1950 years
Page 6 of 61

REDUCED DESIGN LIFE OF THE BUILDING
(EN1998-1,cl.2.1)
By reducing the remaining

lifetime of the building is reduced
the design ground acceleration
Page 7 of 61

Peak ground acceleration attenuation relationships for the European area proposed by
Ambraseys et al. (1996)
Page 8 of 61

SEISMIC ZONATION MAP
(CYS NA EN1998-1)
The seismic building code of Cyprus includes seismic zonation based on ground acceleration values
with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years, i.e., 475years mean return period. Five zones (1-5)
are defined with PGA ranging from 0.075g to 0.15g. In a recent revision of the code (2004), three
seismic zones are defined.
Page 9 of 61

REQUIRED INPUT DATA CHECK LIST
(EN1998-3,cl3.1, 3.2 & Annex A.2)
Check
Description of identification
Parameter
Results/Comment
tick
I
II
Identification of new importance class
III
IV
Does the building design using any the
Prior 1994
previous seismic code?
After 1994
Construction date of building
Date
Column
Present of peeling cracks
If YES, provide
Beam
Wall
Page 10 of 61

Slab
Sign of steel
Physical condition of reinforced concrete
deterioration
Column
Beam
elements and presence of any degradation,

Wall
due to carbonation, steel corrosion, etc.
Slab
Vertical at mid-span
Beams
Diagonal at ends
Are there any significant cracks on
structural members
Diagonal at ends (joints)

Columns
Mid-span
Diagonal at ends (joints)
Walls
Mid-span
Measure crack width of basement walls

Settlement of structure due to weak
foundation
If YES provide the crack width
If YES provide which side of the building have been settled
Page 11 of 61

Are there any presents of cracks of infill
walls at the connection points
Is there any present of strengthening to the
structural members
If YES provide where
If YES provide where
Regular in plan
Identification of the structural regularity
Regular in elevation
Continuity of load paths between lateral
resisting elements.
Column supported on beam

Missing any structural member
Frame system
Dual system
Frame-equivalent dual system
Type of structural system

Wall equivalent dual system
Torsionally flexible system
Inverted pendulum system
Identification of the lateral resisting system
Moment frame/wall system in X direction
Page 12 of 61

in both directions.
Moment frame/wall system in Y direction
Distribution of infill walls
Regular in plan
Identification of the type of building
Raft foundation
foundation
Pad foundation
Pile foundation
Strip foundation
Is there any building attached?
Attached YES/NO
If YES measure the gap between them
Change of existing usage.
Variable
If YES re-assess the variable load
Re-assessment if imposed
Installation of any further load (i.e.
actions/permanent load.
Permanent
antenna, board)
If YES re-assess the permanent load
Solid slab
Thickness/dimensions
Flat slab
Type of slab
Page 13 of 61

Waffle slab
Ribbed slab
Beams
Depth and width of concrete elements
Columns
Walls
Width of flanges in T-beams

Possible eccentricities between beams and
columns axes at joints.
Is there any asymmetric setbacks at all
storeys
Is there any effects of short columns
Is there any structural member run with
interruption from their foundation to top?
If exist, measure the width

If eccentricities exist check if YES provide the distance (check
if e bc / 4).
If YES provide the distance from the previous storey
YES / NO
YES / NO
Is the ground floor is soft storey (pilotis)
YES / NO
Identification of the ground conditions.
Page 14 of 61

B
C
D
E
Column
Beam
Amount of longitudinal steel in beams,
Slab
columns and walls.

Wall
Page 15 of 61

Column
Beam
Amount and detailing of confining steel in
critical regions and in beam-column joints.
Slab
Page 16 of 61

Wall
Amount of steel reinforcement in floor

slabs contributing to the negative resisting
bending moment of T-beams.
Column
Seating and support conditions of
Beam
horizontal elements.
Slab
Page 17 of 61

Wall
Column
Beam
Depth of concrete cover.

Slab
Wall
Page 18 of 61

Column
Beam
Lap-splices for longitudinal reinforcement.
Slab
Wall
Concrete strength.
Column
Beam
Page 19 of 61

Slab
Wall
Column
Beam
Steel yield strength, ultimate strength and

ultimate strain.
Slab
Wall
Page 20 of 61

DEFINITION OF KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
(EN1998-3,cl.3.3.2)
Factors
Geometry
Knowledge level KL1
Knowledge level KL2
The overall structural geometry and
member sizes are known either:
(a) from survey or
(a) from an extended survey or
(a) from a comprehensive survey or
(b) from original outline
(b) from outline construction
(b) from the complete set of outline
construction drawings used for both
drawings used for both the original
construction drawings used for both the
the original construction and any
construction and any subsequent
original construction and any subsequent
subsequent modifications.
modifications.
modifications.
In case (b), a sufficient sample of
In case (b), a sufficient sample of
In case (b), a sufficient sample of both
dimensions of both overall geometry dimensions of both overall geometry
Knowledge level KL3
overall geometry and member sizes should
and member sizes should be
and member sizes should be checked be checked on site; if there are significant
checked on site; if there are
on site; if there are significant
discrepancies from the outline
significant discrepancies from the
discrepancies from the outline
construction drawings, a fuller
outline construction drawings, a
construction drawings, a fuller
dimensional survey is required.
fuller dimensional survey should be
dimensional survey is required.
performed.
Details
The structural details are not known
The structural details are known
The structural details are known either
from detailed construction drawings
either from extended in-situ
from comprehensive in-situ inspection or
and may be assumed based on
inspection or from incomplete
from a complete set of detailed
simulated design in accordance with
detailed construction drawings.
construction drawings.
Page 21 of 61

usual practice at the time of
In the latter case, limited in-situ
In the latter case, limited in-situ
construction;
inspections in the most critical
inspections in the most critical elements
In this case, limited inspections in
elements should be performed to
should be performed to check that the
the most critical elements should be
check that the available information
available information corresponds to the
performed to check that the
corresponds to the actual situation.
actual situation.
No direct information on the
Informationonthemechanicalproperti
Informationonthemechanicalpropertiesofth
mechanical properties of the
esoftheconstructionmaterialsis
econstructionmaterialsis available either
construction materials is available,
available either from extended in-
from comprehensive in-situ testing or
either from original design
situ testing or from original design
from original test reports. In this latter
specifications or from original test
specifications. In this latter case,
case, limited in-situ testing should be
reports. Default values should be
limited in-situ testing should be
performed.
assumed in accordance with
performed.
assumptions correspond to the actual

situation. Otherwise, more extensive
in-situ inspection is required.
Materials
standards at the time of construction,

accompanied by limited in-situ
testing in the most critical elements.
Page 22 of 61

KNOWLEDGE LEVELS
(EN 1998-3,cl.3.3.1)
Knowledge levels
(EN 1998-3,cl.3.3.1)
Geometry: The properties

of the structural system, and
of such non-structural
elements (e.g. masonry infill
panels) as may affect
structural response
Details: These include the amount and

detailing of reinforcement in reinforced
concrete, connections between steel
members, the connection of floor
diaphragms to lateral resisting structure,
the bond and mortar jointing of masonry
and the nature of any reinforcing
elements in masonry
Material: The mechanical

properties of the constituent
materials
Choose the
knowledge level
based on the
factors above
Limited knowledge
KL1
Normal knowledge
KL2
Full knowledge
KL3
DETAILS
DETAILS
DETAILS
Simulated design in
accordance with relevant
practice
and
From limited in-situ
inspection
From incomplete original

detailed construction
drawings with limited in-situ
inspection
or
From extended in-situ
inspection
From original detailed

construction drawings with
limited in-situ inspection
or
From comprehensive insitu inspection
MATERIALS
MATERIALS
Default values in
accordance with standards
of the time of construction
and
From limited in-situ testing
From original design

specifications with limited
in- situ testing
or
From extended in-situ
testing
MATERIALS
From original test reports
with limited in- situ testing
or
From comprehensive insitu testing
Page 23 of 61

LEVEL OF INSPECTION
(EN1998-3,cl.3.4.4)
YES
Is the Knowledge
level
KL1 ?
Details & Materials
Does the spot check agree

with the drawings/
assumptions ?
Note: if the masonry infill

walls are considered in
the model, certain
sampling and testing for
shear and compressive
strength and for Elastic
Modulus make sense
NO
NO
YES
Inspection: 20% detail
check
Testing: 1 sample per
floor (beam/column,wall)
Is the Knowledge
level
KL2 or KL3 ?
KL2
YES
KL3
Details
Details

with the drawings/ Are the
drawing available?

with the drawings/ Are the
drawing available?
NO
YES
Limited
Extended
Limited
Comprehesive

check

check

check

check
Materials
Material properties are

derived either from original
specification or through in
Specifictions
situ sampling
NO
Materials
Material properties are

derived either past test
reports or through in situ
sampling
Sampling
Test Reports
Limited
Extended
Limited
Comprehesive




Sampling
Page 24 of 61
SELECTED KNOWLEDGE LEVEL RELATED TO COST/PROCESS OF

INSPECTION
Low cost/process
LIMITED KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
Medium cost/process
NORMAL KNOWLEDGE LEVEL

High cost/process
FULL KNOWLEDGE LEVEL

SELECTED KNOWLEDGE LEVEL RELATED TO COST SAVING OF
RETROFITTING
High cost
LIMITED KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
Medium cost
NORMAL KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
Low cost
FULL KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
Page 25 of 61

VALUES OF CONFIDENCE FACTOR
(EN1998-3,cl.3.3.1)
CONFIDENCE FACTOR
(CF)
(EN1998-3,cl.3.3.1(4))
Limited knowledge
KL1
Normal knowledge
KL2
Full knowledge
KL3
CF=1.4
CF=1.2
CF=1.0
Note: If the existing member has been strengthened the Confidence factor (CF) is applied only on its old
material.
Note: The Confidence factor (CF) is applied to each old materials (steel, concrete, infill masonry).
ANALYSIS TYPE
(EN1998-3,cl.3.3.1)
ANALYSIS TYPE
(EN1998-3,cl.3.3.1(4))
YES
Lateral force (LF)

or
Modal Response Spectrum
(MRS)
(More conservative)
Is the Knowledge
level
KL1 ?
NO
Lateral force (LF)

or
Modal Response Spectrum
(MRS)
Or
Non-linear analysis
(Pushover/Time history)
(Less conservative)
Page 26 of 61

LATERAL FORCE ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS (LFA)
(EN1998-1-1cl. & EN1998-3,cl.4.4.2)
HORIZONTAL ELASTIC RESPONSE SPECTRUM

(1998-1-1,cl.3.2.2.2)
0 : = 1 + 2,5 1
(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.2)
: = 2.5
(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.3)
: = 2.5
4: = 2.5
(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.4)
(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.5)
Damping viscous: =5%

Damping correction factor : =
10/ 5 + 0.55
Design ground acceleration on type A ground: ag=I*agR

Parameters of Type 1 elastic response spectrum (Large magnitude M>5.5Hz)
(CYS NA EN1998-1-1,table 3.2)
Ground
Type
A
B
C
D
E
TB (s)
TC (s)
TD (s)
1.0
1.2
1.15
1.35
1.4
0.15
0.15
0.20
0.20
0.15
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
0.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
Page 27 of 61

VERTICAL ELASTIC RESPONSE SPECTRUM
(1998-1-1,cl.3.2.2.3)
The vertical component of seismic action is taken into account if the design ground acceleration in the vertical
direction, avg, exceeds 0.25g, and even then only in the following cases:
for horizontal structural member spanning 20m or more,
for horizontal cantilever components longer than 5m,
for beams supporting columns,
in based-isolated structures.
0 : = 1 + 3,0 1
(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.8)
: = 3.0
(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.9)
: = 3.0
4: = 3.0
(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.10)
(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.11)
Damping viscous: =5%

Damping correction factor : =
10/ 5 + 0.55

Design ground acceleration in vertical direction: avg = avg/ag*agR*I
Note: the value of S is not used in the above expression cause the vertical ground motion is not very much
affected by the underlying ground condition
Parameters values of vertical elastic response spectra (Large magnitude M>5.5Hz)
(CYS NA EN1998-1-1,cl NA2.8)
Spectrum
avg/ag
TB (s)
TC (s)
TD (s)
Type 1
0.90
0.05
0.15
1.0
Page 28 of 61

COMBINATION OF SEISMIC MASS
(EN 1998-1-1,cl.3.2.4)
Storey
Roof
1,0
Storeys with correlated occupancies
0.8
Independently occupied storeys
0.5
Type of Variable action
Categories A-C1
Categories A-F1
1.0
Category
Specific Use
Domestic and residential
0.3
Office
0.3
Areas for Congregation
0.6
Shopping
0.6
Storage
0.8
Traffic < 30 kN vehicle
0.6
Traffic < 160 kN vehicle
0.3
Roofs
Snow, altitude < 1000 m
Wind
Values
References
Ei = 2i
1998-1-1,Eq. 4.2
Requirements
Combination coefficient for variable
action
Combination of seismic mass
Requirements
Gk,j +
Ei Qk,i
Values
1998-1-1,Eq. 3.17
References
ST = 1.0 (S = S * ST)
If I > 1.0 (i.e. III & IV)
Amplification factor
for Slopes <15o
EN1998-5, Annex A
Cliffs height <30m

ST = 1.2 (S = S * ST)
EN1998-5, Annex A
Page 29 of 61

If I > I (i.e. III & IV)
for Slopes 15o slope 30o Cliffs
height <30m
ST = 1.4 (S = S * ST)
If I > 1.0 (i.e. III & IV)
for Slopes slope > 30o
EN1998-5, Annex A
Cliffs height <30m
(Bisch etal, 2011 Lisbon)

Requirements
Values
References
YES / NO
1998-1-1,table 4.1
YES
1998-1-1,table 4.1
Ground acceleration
0.10-0.25g
Regular in plan
Spectrum type
TYPE 1
(Large magnitude M>5.5Hz)
CYS NA EN1998-1-1:Seismic
zonation map
EN1998-1-1,cl.3.2.2.2(2)P
A,B,C,D,E
Ground type
Normally type B or C can be used
EN1998-1-1,cl.3.1.2(1)
normal condition
Lower bound factor for the horizontal
= 0.85 if T1 2TC and more than 2
design spectrum
storey
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.2.2(1)
=1.0 in all other case

Damped elastic response spectrum
Fundamental period
= 5%
T14Tc
T12,0s
EN1998-1-1,cl.3.2.2.2(1)P
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.2.1(2)
Page 30 of 61

Accidental eccentricity
Base shear
Horizontal seismic forces (according
See table below
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.2
Fb=Sd(T1).mass.
(EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.2.2)
zi mi
zj mj
Fi = Fb
to height of the masses)
(EN 1998-1-1:2004, Eq. 4.11)
=
(Fi see above)
Accidental torsional effects
3D
= 1 + 0.6
If the accidental torsional effects as
shown in table below (EN199811,cl.4.3.2(1)P) is not taken into
Where:
2D
= 0.10
(regular in plan)
Where
account the following rules can be

use
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.2.4(1)
Where:
= 1 + 1.2
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.2.4(2)
Accidental torsional effect

(EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.2)
Asymmetric distribution of
Percentage of accidental
eccentricity
Geometry of model (3D/2D)
mass
(i.e. infill walls)
(Regular/Irregular)
5%
3D
Regular
10%
3D
Irregular
20%
2D
Requirements
Values
References
Torsional moment
=
For eai see the table above
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.3.3(1)
Page 31 of 61
Load case name
Direction and Eccentricity
% Eccentricity
EQXA
X Dir + Eccen. Y
As above
EQYA
X Dir Eccen. Y
As above
EQXB
Y Dir + Eccen. X
As above
EQYB
Y Dir Eccen. X
As above
Reference structure
Period T1
Exact formula for Single Degree of Freedom Oscillator. Mass M lumped at

top of a vertical cantilever of height H. Cantilever mass MB = 0.
T1 = 2
Exact formula for Single Degree of Freedom Oscillator. Vertical cantilever

of height H and of total mass MB.
T1 = 2
Exact formula for Single Degree of Freedom Oscillator. Mass M lumped at

top of a vertical cantilever of height H and of total mass MB.
T1 = 2
MH 3
3EI
0.24MB H 3
3EI
M + 0.24MB H 3
3EI
Approximate Relationship (Eurocode 8).

Ct = 0,085 for moment resisting steel space frames Ct = 0,075 for
eccentrically braced steel frames
Ct = 0,050 for all other structures
T1 = Ct H 3/4
H building height in m measured
from foundation or top of rigid
basement.
Approximate Relationship (Eurocode 8).

d : elastic horizontal displacement of top of building in m under gravity
T1 = 2 d
loads applied horizontally.
Page 32 of 61

Modal Response Spectrum Analysis requirements (MRSA)
(EN1998-1-1cl. & EN1998-3,cl.4.4.2)
Requirements
Values
Horizontal elastic response spectrum
As above see LFA
Vertical elastic response spectrum
As above see LFA
As above see LFA
Seismic mass
As above see LFA
Requirements
Regular in plan
Structural model
Ground acceleration
Spectrum type
Values
References
YES/NO
1998-1-1,table 4.1
NO
1998-1-1,table 4.1
2D/3D
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.2.3.1(3)P
0.10-0.25g
TYPE 1
zonation map
EN1998-1-1,cl.3.2.2.2(2)P
A,B,C,D,E
Ground type
EN1998-1-1,cl.3.1.2(1)
normal condition
= 5%
EN1998-1-1,cl.3.2.2.2(1)P
See table below
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.2
Mx 90% of total mass

My 90% of total mass
Effective modal modes
Mx 5% of total mass
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.1(3)
Mxy 5% of total mass

k 3.n
Minimum number of modes
(if eigenvalue analysis capture)

k: is the number of modes
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.1(5)
n: is the number of storey
Page 33 of 61

Tk 0.20sec
Tk: is the period of vibration of mode
k
Period of vibration
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.1(5)
At least one natural period should be

below 0.20s
Fundamental period
Tj 0.9 Ti
SRSS
Tj 0.9 Ti
CQC
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.2.1(2)
=
3D
For eai see the table
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.3.3(1)
below
=
Torsional moment
Where:
2D
= 0.10
(regular in
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.2.4(2)
Where
plan)
= 1 + 1.2

(EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.2)
eccentricity
Asymmetric distribution of mass

(i.e. infill walls)

(Regular/Irregular)
5%
3D
Regular
10%
3D
Irregular
20%
2D
Page 34 of 61

q factor approach analysis requirements
(1998-1-1,cl.3.2.2.2)
Design spectrum of elastic analysis
(1998-1-1,cl.3.2.2.5)
0 : =
: =
2.5
: =
2.5
(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.13)
(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.14)
2.5

(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.15)
4: =
2.5
(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.5)
Design ground acceleration on type A ground:
ag=I*agR
Lower bound factor for the horizontal spectrum: =0.2

A value of q =1.5 for concrete structures (regardless of the structural system)
A value of q = 2.0 for steel structures (regardless of the structural system)
Parameters of Type 1 elastic response spectrum (Large magnitude M>5.5Hz)

(CYS NA EN1998-1-1,table 3.2)
Ground
Type
A
B
C
D
E
TB (s)
TC (s)
TD (s)
1.0
1.2
1.15
1.35
1.4
0.15
0.15
0.20
0.20
0.15
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
0.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
Page 35 of 61

Vertical elastic design spectrum
(1998-1-1,cl.3.2.2.5(5))
The vertical component of seismic action is taken into account if the design ground acceleration in the
vertical direction, avg, exceeds 0.25g, and even then only in the following cases:
for horizontal structural member spanning 20m or more,
for horizontal cantilever components longer than 5m,
for beams supporting columns,
in based-isolated structures.
. 0 : =
: =
2.5
: =
2.5
(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.13)
(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.14)
2.5

(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.15)
4: =
2.5
(1998-1-1,Eq. 3.5)

Design ground acceleration in vertical direction: avg = avg/ag*agR*I
For the vertical component of the seismic action the design spectrum is given by expressions (3.13) to
(3.16), with the design ground acceleration in the vertical direction, avg replacing ag, S taken as being
equal to 1,0 and the other parameters as defined in 3.2.2.3.
Parameters values of vertical elastic response spectra
(CYS NA EN1998-1-1,cl NA2.8)
Spectrum
avg/ag
TB (s)
TC (s)
TD (s)
Type 1
0.90
0.05
0.15
1.0
Special provisions:
For the vertical component of the seismic action a behaviour factor q up to to 1,5 should generally
be adopted for all materials and structural systems.
Page 36 of 61
Requirements
Values
As above see LFA
Seismic mass
As above see LFA
Analysis requirements
As above see MRSA
As above see MRSA
Regular in plan
As above see MRSA
As above see MRSA
Structural model
As above see MRSA
Ground acceleration
As above see MRSA
Spectrum type
As above see MRSA
Ground type
As above see MRSA
As above see MRSA
As above see MRSA
Effective modal modes
As above see MRSA
Minimum number of modes
As above see MRSA
Fundamental period
As above see MRSA
Torsional moment
As above see MRSA
As above see MRSA
Page 37 of 61

Linear Analysis - Requirements from EN1998-3
(EN1998-3,cl.4.4.2(1)P)
Requirements
Values
Ductile mechanism (flexure)
Brittle mechanism (Shear)
Demand
Capacity
Demand
Capacity
(Di)
(Ci)
(Di)
(Ci)
Acceptability of linear model

(for checking of i =
From
analysis.
Use mean
values of
properties
Di
Ci
Verifications (if LM accepted)
values)
In term of
strength.
Use mean values
of properties.
If i < 1: from
analysis
strength.
Verifications (if LM accepted)

If i > 1: from
Ratio between demand and

capacity
In term of
EN1998-3cl.4.4.2(1)P
From
analysis.
strength.
Use mean values
of properties
divided by CF
In term of
equilibrium with
strength of
ductile e/m.
Use mean values
Use mean values

of properties
divided by CF and
by partial factor
of properties
multiplied by
CF.
Dseismic : is bending moment at the end member due to the seismic action
and the concurrent gravity load.
Cgravity : is the corresponding moment resistance, calculated on the basis of
the axial force due to gravity load alone and using mean-value properties
of old material from in-situ test.
Note: i=Dseismic/Cgravity
Page 38 of 61

Value of the ratio
max/min
max/min = 2.5
(EN1998-3,cl.4.4.2(1P)
Page 39 of 61

Combination of seismic action
(EN1998-1-1cl. & EN1998-3,cl.4.4.2)
Seismic load combination for Modal Analysis/Pushover
SEISMIC 1.
DL + EiLL + EQX + 0.3EQY
SEISMIC 2.
DL + EiLL + EQX 0.3EQY
SEISMIC 3.
DL + EiLL - EQX + 0.3EQY
SEISMIC 4.
DL + EiLL - EQX 0.3EQY
SEISMIC 5.
DL + EiLL + EQY + 0.3EQX
SEISMIC 6.
DL + EiLL + EQY 0.3EQX
SEISMIC 7.
DL + EiLL - EQY + 0.3EQX
SEISMIC 8.
DL + EiLL - EQY 0.3EQX
Seismic load combination for Lateral force Analysis/Pushover

SEISMIC 1.
DL + EiLL + EQXA + 0.3EQY
SEISMIC 2.
DL + EiLL + EQXA 0.3EQY
SEISMIC 3.
DL + EiLL - EQXA + 0.3EQY
SEISMIC 4.
DL + EiLL - EQXA 0.3EQY
SEISMIC 5.
DL + EiLL + EQYA + 0.3EQX
SEISMIC 6.
DL + EiLL + EQYA 0.3EQX
SEISMIC 7.
DL + EiLL - EQYA + 0.3EQX
SEISMIC 8.
SEISMIC 9.
DL + EiLL + EQX + 0.3EQY
SEISMIC 10.
DL + EiLL + EQX 0.3EQY
SEISMIC 11.
DL + EiLL - EQX + 0.3EQY
SEISMIC 12.
DL + EiLL - EQX 0.3EQY
SEISMIC 13.
DL + EiLL + EQY + 0.3EQX
SEISMIC 14.
DL + EiLL + EQY 0.3EQX
SEISMIC 15.
DL + EiLL - EQY + 0.3EQX
SEISMIC 16.
Page 40 of 61

Non-linear Analysis Pushover Analysis requirements
(EN1998-1-1cl. & EN1998-3,cl.4.4.2)
Requirements
Values
References
Regular in plan
YES/NO
1998-1-1,table 4.1
YES/NO
1998-1-1,table 4.1
2D/3D
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.1(9&10)P
Structural model
Ground acceleration
Spectrum type
0.10-0.25g
zonation map
TYPE 1
EN1998-1-1,cl.3.2.2.2(2)P
A,B,C,D,E
Ground type
EN1998-1-1,cl.3.1.2(1)
normal condition
Cracked elements
50% of the stiffness
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.1(7)
Material properties
Use mean values
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.4.1(4)
Seismic action
Apply to the direction
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.4.1(7)P
Lateral Force Analysis

Lateral loads derived from
or
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.4.2.2(1)
Modal Response Spectrum Analysis
Determination of the period

for SDOF
= 2
EN1998-1-1,Eq.B.7
Determination of the
Target displacement for
SDOF
= ()
2
EN1998-1-1,Eq.B.8

(EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.2)
eccentricity
Asymmetric distribution of mass in

plan
Page 41 of 61

(i.e. infill walls)
(Regular/Irregular)
5%
3D
Regular
10%
3D
Irregular
20%
2D
Page 42 of 61

Non linear Analysis - Requirements from EN1998-3
(EN1998-3,cl.4.4.2(1)P)
Requirements
Values
Ductile mechanism (flexure)
Ratio between demand
Brittle mechanism (Shear)
Demand
Capacity
Demand
Capacity
(Di)
(Ci)
(Di)
(Ci)
and capacity
From analysis.
In term of
From analysis.
In term of strength.
EN1998-3cl.4.4.2(1)P
Use mean
deformation.
Use mean
Use mean values of
values of
Use mean values
values of
properties divided by
properties in
of properties
properties in
CF and by partial
model.
divided by CF.
model.
factor.
Plastic hinges
X & Y direction (check separately)
M Rc > M Rb , then plastic hinges will likely develop in beams and,
Case 1: At beams
consequently, only the beams should be considered for the evaluation of

max and min.
M Rc < M Rb , then plastic hinges will likely develop in columns and,
Case 2: At Columns
thereby, only the columns should be considered for the evaluation of max
and min.
Lateral load
(EN1998-1-1,cl. 4.3.3.4.2.2(1))
Load pattern
Description
A uniform pattern, corresponding to uniform unidirectional lateral
Uniform load pattern
accelerations (i.e. i = 1) . It attempts to simulate the inertia forces in a

potential soft-storey mechanism, limited in all likelihood to the bottom
storey, with the lateral drifts concentrated there and the storeys above
moving laterally almost as a rigid body.
Page 43 of 61
Uniform load pattern

A modal pattern, simulating the inertia forces of the1st mode in the
horizontal direction in which the analysis is carried out. This pattern is
meant to apply in the elastic regime and during the initial stages of the
plastic mechanism development, as well as in a full-fledged beam-sway
mechanism
Modal load pattern
Modal load pattern
Page 44 of 61

Capacity curve
(EN1998-1-1,cl. 4.3.3.4.2.3(1))
Relation between base shear force and the control displacement
Capacity curve (for each

analysis see below)
1. Pushover curve ends until a terminal point at 1.5 times the

target displacement.
Procedure for determination of the target displacement for nonlinear static (pushover) analysis
(EN1998-1,cl.Annex B)
Requirements
Values
i = 1
References
Uniform pattern
EN1998-1,cl.B.1
Normalized displacement
i =
Modal pattern
Calculated from Modal analysis

Natural period
T calculated from linear elastic analysis
Normalized lateral forces
= i
EN1998-1,Eq.B.1
Mass of an equivalent
SDOF
EN1998-1,Eq.B.2
Page 45 of 61
Transformation factor
= d(1)
Base shear
EN1998-1,Eq.B.3
EN1998-11,cl.3.2.2.2
Force of SDOF
EN1998-1,Eq.B.4
Displacement of SDOF
EN1998-1,Eq.B.5
= 2
Yield displacement of the
idealised SDOF system
Note: The maximum displacement of structure is
EN1998-1,Eq.B.6
taken from the roof level at the node of centre of mass.

The top of a penthouse should not be considered as the
roof.

= 2
EN1998-1,Eq.B.7
See section above LFA
Period
Elastic acceleration
response spectrum, Se(T*)
Target displacement of the
structure with period T*
= ()
2
EN1998-1,Eq.B.8
Page 46 of 61
Target displacement
Short period range
EN1998-1,cl.B.5
(T* < Tc)
<
1 + 1
Target displacement
EN1998-1,cl.B.5
Medium and long period

range (T* Tc)
= det = ()
2
2
(3det*)
Page 47 of 61

Target displacement of
dt =dt*
MDOF
EN1998-1,Eq.B.13
Torsional effects
(EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.3.4.2.7)
Requirements
2D/3D
Description
References
This rule applied to the following

structural system:
Torsionally flexible structural type (i.e.
rx < Is see EN1998-1-1,cl.4.2.3.2, or, a
structure with a predominantly torsional
1st or 2nd mode of vibration in one of the
Torsional effects
requirements
3D model
two orthogonal horizontal direction).

-
Displacement at the stiff/strong
EN1998-11,cl.4.3.3.4.2.7(1)P
side are under estimated compared

to the flexible weak side in plan
(i.e. is the side which developed
smaller displacement under static
load parallel to it) shall be
increased
=
Where:
Torsional effects
requirements
2D model
(regular
= 0.10
(see table above)
in plan)
Where
= 1 + 1.2
EN1998-11,cl.4.3.3.2.4(2)
EN1998-1EN1998-1-
1,cl.4.3.3.4.2.7(3)
1,cl.4.3.2(1)P
Procedure for determine the increased displacement of strong/stiff side

Procedure for determine the increased displacement of strong/stiff side can be found in the Designers
Guide to EN1998-1 and EN1998-5 in p. 57
Page 48 of 61

Number of Analysis required (Pushover)
X & Y main directions
Directions
Analysis number
X direction
Y - direction
modal towards (+) positive
modal towards (+) positive Y
modal towards (-) negative X
modal towards (-) negative Y
uniform towards (+) positive X
uniform towards (+) positive Y
uniform towards (-) negative X
uniform towards (-) negative Y
Page 49 of 61

Modeling Aspects
(EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.1)
Requirements
Secondary
elements
Material properties
Lateral components
Values
References
The strength and stiffness of secondary seismic

elements, against lateral actions may in general be
EN1998-3,cl.4.3(3)P
neglected in the analysis

Use mean values of material properties
All lateral components should be connected by
horizontal diaphragms
EN1998-3,cl.4.3(5)P
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.1(3)
Floor diaphragms may taken as being rigid in their

planes, mass and moments inertia may be lumped at
the centre of gravity.
Neglect the rigid diaphragm assumption for the
following cases:
Floor diaphragms
1. not compact configuration and plan view far

from rectangular.
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.1(4)
2. large openings in floor slabs, due to internal

patios or stairways.
3. large distance between strong and stiff vertical
elements compared to the transverse dimension
of the diaphragm.
Structural
Criteria for regularity are play significant role to the
regularity
type of modeling and analysis
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.1(5)
No use of the modification for un-crack cross-section

(50% EI). Not OK in displacement-based assessment
Crack analysis
(unconservative for displacement demands). OK in
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.1(6&7)
force-based design of new buildings (conservative

for force
Infill walls which contribute significally to the lateral
Infill walls
stiffness and resistance of the building should be taken
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.1(8)
into account
Page 50 of 61
Foundation
The deformability of the foundation shall be taken into

account in the model
EN1998-1-1,cl.4.3.1(9)
Page 51 of 61

Seismic assessment of Reinforced Concrete buildings
(EN1998-3,Annex A)
Partial factors
Requirements
Values
References
s = 1.15
CYS EN1992-1-1,table 2.1
c = 1.5
CYS EN1992-1-1,table 2.1
Permanent action
G = 1.35
EN1990,cl.6.4.3.2
Variable action
Q = 1.5
EN1990,cl.6.4.3.2
Partial factor for steel

reinforcement
Partial factor of concrete
Limit State of near collapse (NC)

Requirements
Values
Factor for structural
References
= 1.5 (primary members)
element
primary/secondary
Ratio moment/shear at
the end section
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(1)
= 1.0 (secondary members)
= /
Design axial force
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(1)
Mechanical
reinforcement ratio of
the tension and
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(1)
Mechanical ratio
=
1 +
compression of
of tension
fc : uniaxial (cylindrical)
longitudinal
concrete strength (MPa)
reinforcement
Page 52 of 61

longitudinal
Mechanical ratio
reinforcement, ,
=
of compression
longitudinal
reinforcement
Modulus of Elasticity
(as for new members)

Concrete compressive
= 22
10
=
strength
EN1992-1-1,table 3.1
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(1)
Stirrup Yield strength

Ratio of transverse
steel parallel to the

direction x of loading
Confinement
effectiveness factor
capacity
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(1)
sh : stirrup spacing
= 1
2
1
2
Total chord rotation
0.3
2
1
6
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(1)
Elastic plus inelastic part

See the equation below: Beams & Columns (elastic plus inelastic part
1
=
0.016 0. 3

capacity
For cold-work brittle
0.01;
0.01;
Walls:
9;
= 0.58
0.35
25
1.25100
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(1)
1.6
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(1)
1.2
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(3)
steel
Members without
0.225
detail for earthquake

resistance
capacity
Plastic part
Page 53 of 61

See the equation below: Beams & Columns (elastic plus inelastic part
1
=
0.0145 0. 25
0.01;
0.01;
0.3
0.2
9,
Factor for structural element

primary/secondary
Total chord rotation capacity
Walls:
= 0.6
Members without detail for
earthquake resistance
1.275100
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(2)
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(2)
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(2)

, =
1.2
1.2
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(3)
If < ,
Total chord rotation capacity
25
2.0
For cold-work brittle steel
0.35
=>
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(4)
Requirements for lamping zone of longitudinal bars

Actual lamping ratio
= 2
(at the zone of
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(4)
overlapping)
1 =
1 1
2
2
nrestr : number of lapped longitudinal bars

Minimum lamping
length
laterally restrained by a stirrup corner or

cross-tie.
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.2(4)
ntot : total number of lapped longitudinal

bars along the cross-section perimeter.
, =
1.05 + 14.51
Page 54 of 61

Shear strength
=
Area of cross section

Concrete compressive
strength
element
EN1992-1-1,cl.3.1.6(1)
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.3.1(1)
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.3.1(1)
primary/secondary
Contribution of
Rectangular
transverse reinforcement
Circular
to shear resistance
Shear resistance after
yielding,
Factor for structural
flexural
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.3.1(1)

2
2
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.3.1(1)
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.3.1(1)
See below:
as
controlled by stirrups
=
1
; 0.55 + 1 0.05 5;
2
0.16 0.5; 100
1 0.16 5;
Shear resistance as controlled

by web crushing (diagonal
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.3.1(2&3)
See below:
compression)
Before flexural yielding ( = 0), or after flexural yielding (cyclic > 0)
Walls
, =
0.85 1 0.06 5;
1 + 1.8 0.15;
+ 0.25 1.75; 100
Columns
1 0.2 2;
Lv / h 2 after flexural yielding (cyclic > 0
Page 55 of 61
, =
4/7 1 0.02 5;
1 + 0.45 100
40; 2
where:
= /2
Beam column joint
Requirements
Overstrength factor
Shear force acting of the
joint
Interior
joint
Exterior
joint
Values
References
= 1.2
EN1998-11,cl.5.5.2.3(2)
= 1 + 2
= 1
= 1
Shear capacity of joint
Where
250
See above (NC)
EN1998-11,cl.5.5.2.3(2)
EN1998-11,cl.5.5.3.3(2)
= 0.6 1
Shear strength
EN19983,cl.A.3.3.1(1)
Page 56 of 61

Limit State of Significant Damage (SD)
Requirements
Values
References
Chord rotation capacity
3
4
EN19983,cl.A.3.2.3(1)
Shear strength (Beams & Columns)

The verification against the exceedance of these two LS is not required, unless these two LS are the
only ones to be checked. In that case NC requirements applies.
Beam column joint
Requirements
Values
References
The verification against the exceedance of these two limit state SD and DL is not required, unless
these two LS are only ones to be checked. In that case NC requirements applies.
Limit State of Damage Limitation (DL)

Requirements
Values
References
Design shear resistance (EC2)

Value of vmin
= 0.035 3/2 0.5
EN1992-1-1,cl.3.1.6(1)
0.2
EN1992-1-1,cl.6.2.2(1)
0.02

EN1992-1-1,cl.6.2.2(1)
Design compressive
strength
Compressive stress in the
concrete from axial load
Reinforcement ratio for
longitudinal reinforcement
1 = 0.44
Coefficient factor k1
Coefficient factor k
Shear
EN1992-1-1,cl.6.2.2(1)
= 1+
200
2,0
, = , 100
EN1992-1-1,cl.5.5(4)
1.3
EN1992-1-1,cl.6.2.2(1)
+ 1
EN1992-1-1,cl.6.2.2(1)
Page 57 of 61

, = + 1
Tension shift, v
= 1
when
My > LvVRd.c
= 0
when
My < LvVRd.c
Chord rotation
Lever arm, z
0.95
= 0.8
Lever arm, z
(for rectangular wall
section)
=
Strain , y
=
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.4(2)
+ 0.0014 1 + 1.5
+
3
6
Note:
Beams/Columns
for < ,
and
=
=
for < ,

+
+ 0.0013 +
3
6
Note:
Walls of rectangular, T or
=
barbelled section
for < ,
and
for < ,
Alternative expressions
Beams
Columns
+ 0.0014 1 + 1.5
+
3
8
Note:
Page 58 of 61
=
=
Walls of rectangular, T or
for < ,

+
+ 0.0013 +
3
8
Note:
barbelled section
=
for < ,
Requirements for lamping zone of longitudinal bars

Actual lamping ratio (at the
zone of overlapping)
Lap length
Minimum length of lap
= 2
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.4(3)
15
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.4(4)
, = 0.3
splice for existing concrete

members
EN1998-3,cl.A.3.2.4(3)
fc and fyL are derived from the mean
values multiplied by the CF
Shear strength
The verification against the exceedance of these two LS is not required, unless these two LS are the
only ones to be checked. In that case NC requirements applies.
Beam column joint
Requirements
Values
References
The verification against the exceedance of these two limit state SD and DL is not required, unless
these two LS are only ones to be checked. In that case NC requirements applies.
Page 59 of 61

Summary table
Limit State (LS)
Member
Damage Limitation
Significant damage
Near Collapse
(DL)
(SD)
(NC)
0.75 ,
0.75
Ductile primary
(flexural)
Ductile secondary
(flexural)
Brittle primary
(shear)
, .2 ,
,8
; : 8
1.15
, .2 ,
,8
; : 8
1.15
Brittle secondary
(Shear)
E, VE: chord-rotation & shear force demand from analysis;
VE,CD : from capacity design; y: chord-rotation at yielding
um: expected value of ultimate chord rotation under cyclic loading, calculated using mean
strengths for old materials divided by the confidence factor and nominal strengths for new
materials.
u,m-: mean-minus-sigma ult. chord rotation =um /1.5, or =y+plum/1.8
VRd, VRm: shear resistance, w/ or w/o material safety & confidence factor
VR,EC8: shear resistance in cyclic loading after flex. yielding
Page 60 of 61
GENERAL CONSEQUENCE OF USE EUROCODE 8-PART 3
1.
PERFORMANCE
REQUIREMENT
&
CRITERIA
2.
APPLICABILITY
CONDITIONS OF THE
FOUR ANALYSIS
METHODS
3.
TYPE OF VERIFICATIONS
FOR DUCTILE AND
BRITTLE MODES OF
BEHAVIOUR AND
FAILURE
4.
COLLECTION OF
INFORMATION FOR THE
ASSESSMENT AND ITS
IMPLICATIONS
5a.
CONCRETE
STRUCTURES
5b.
STEEL OR COMPOSITE
STRUCTURES
5c.
MASONRY BUILDINGS
Page 61 of 61

Design Notes For Seismic Assessment of Existing Structure in Accordance To Eurocode 8-Part 3

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Design notes for Seismic Assessment to Eurocode 8 - Part 3

FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENT LIMIT STATE (LS)

residual lateral strength and stiffness,

structural components have collapsed. Large

survive another earthquake, even of

some residual lateral strength and stiffness,

Valentinos Neophytou BEng (Hons), MSc

components are damaged, although

Design notes for Seismic Assessment to Eurocode 8 - Part 3

present. The structure can sustain after20%

shocks of moderate intensity. The structure

The structure is only lightly damaged, with

structural elements prevented from

structural components, such as partitions

repaired. Permanent drifts are negligible.

The structure does not need any repair

Valentinos Neophytou BEng (Hons), MSc

Design notes for Seismic Assessment to Eurocode 8 - Part 3

Performance Levels and Limit States

Valentinos Neophytou BEng (Hons), MSc

Design notes for Seismic Assessment to Eurocode 8 - Part 3

Return-period ground motion in TR years

Importance factor based on

exceeding the seismic action

Typical values and relationships of reference probabilities of exceedance and corresponding

Mean return period TR

Valentinos Neophytou BEng (Hons), MSc

Design notes for Seismic Assessment to Eurocode 8 - Part 3

By reducing the remaining

Valentinos Neophytou BEng (Hons), MSc

Design notes for Seismic Assessment to Eurocode 8 - Part 3

Valentinos Neophytou BEng (Hons), MSc

Design notes for Seismic Assessment to Eurocode 8 - Part 3

Valentinos Neophytou BEng (Hons), MSc

Design notes for Seismic Assessment to Eurocode 8 - Part 3

previous seismic code?

Construction date of building

Present of peeling cracks

Valentinos Neophytou BEng (Hons), MSc

Design notes for Seismic Assessment to Eurocode 8 - Part 3

elements and presence of any degradation,

due to carbonation, steel corrosion, etc.

Diagonal at ends (joints)

Measure crack width of basement walls

Valentinos Neophytou BEng (Hons), MSc

If YES provide the crack width

If YES provide which side of the building have been settled

Design notes for Seismic Assessment to Eurocode 8 - Part 3

If YES provide where

If YES provide where

Column supported on beam

Type of structural system

Valentinos Neophytou BEng (Hons), MSc

Moment frame/wall system in X direction

Design notes for Seismic Assessment to Eurocode 8 - Part 3

Moment frame/wall system in Y direction

Distribution of infill walls

Identification of the type of building