Date: 17/09/2016

Harshith K S

USN: 1SI14IS021

DATA COMMUNICATION
ASSIGNMENT NO. 1
A signal has passed through three cascaded amplifiers, each with a 4 dB gain.
What is the total gain? How much is the signal amplified?
Ans: Total gain = 4 dB + 4 dB + 4 dB = 12 dB
Total gain in 3 stages dB=10log (P2/P1) =12
P2/P1=10 ^ (15/10)
Signal amplified= P2/P1=31.6227
If the bandwidth of the channel is 5 Kbps, how long does it take to send a frame of
100,000 bits out of this device? The light of the sun takes approximately eight
minutes to reach the earth. What is the distance between the sun and the earth?
Ans: i. Bandwidth=5 Kbps=5*103 bps
Frame =100,000
Bandwidth= Frames / Time (Frames per second)
Time=100,000/5*103=20 s
ii. Time=8min=8*60sec=480 sec
Speed of light=3*108ms-1=300000 kms-1
Speed=Distance/Time
Distance=Speed*Time
(300000)*(480) = 144000000 km
A signal has a wavelength of 1m in air. How far can the front of the wave travel
during 1000 periods?
Ans: Wavelength =1 m
Periods=1000
Distance=1*1000=1000 m=1 mm
A line has a signal-to- noise ratio of 1000 and a bandwidth of 4000 KHz.
a. What is the maximum data rate supported by this line?
Ans: C=Wlog2(S/N+1)
4000log2 (1001) = 39800
b. If ASK is used for modulation what is the maximum number of amplitude
levels?
Ans: Let 2Wlog2 (M) = Wlog2(S/N+1)
we have log2 (M) = 9.95/2 the nearest power of two is 4,
therefore log2 (M) = 4

Date: 17/09/2016

Harshith K S

USN: 1SI14IS021

M = 16
c. What will be the bit-rate and baud-rate with the amplitude levels found in part
b?
Ans: The bit rate is 4000 * 4 = 16000 bps
Baud rate = 4000
We measure the performance of a telephone line (4 KHz of bandwidth). When the
signal is 10V, the noise is 5 mV. What is the maximum data rate supported by this
telephone line?
Ans: Capacity=B*log2 (1+SNR) =
4000 * (log (1 + (10 / 0.005)) / log (2)) = 43, 866.0218 bps
A file contains 2 million bytes. How long does it take to download this file using a
56-Kbps channel?
1-Mbps channel?
Ans: Given file contain 2 million bytes = 2000000*8=16000000 bits
with 56Kbps channel 16000000/56000=289s
with 1 Mbps channel 16000000/1000000=16s
A computer monitor has a resolution of 1200 by 1000 pixels. If each pixel uses
1024 colours, how many bits are needed to send the complete contents of a
screen?
Ans: To represent 1024 colours we need log2 (1024) = 10bits
Total number of bits are 10*1200*1000=12000000bits

A signal with 200 milliwatts power passes through 10 devices, each with an
average noise of 2
microwatts. What is the SNR? What is the SNRdB?
Ans: Given signal = 200mW=0.2W
Noise = 10*2microwatts =2*10-5
SNR = signal power/noise power
0.2/2*10-5 = 10000
SNRdB= 10log10000 = 40

If the peak voltage value of a signal is 20 times the peak voltage value of the
noise, what is the SNR?

Date: 17/09/2016

Harshith K S

USN: 1SI14IS021

What is the SNRdB?

Ans: SNR= (peak voltage/noise voltage)2 = 202 =400
SNRdB= 10log10 (400) =26.02

What is the theoretical capacity of a channel in each of the following cases:

a. Bandwidth: 20 KHz SNRdB =40
b. Bandwidth: 200 KHz SNRdB =4
c. Bandwidth: 1 MHz SNRdB =20
Ans: C=B*(SNRdb/3)
i. 20*40/3= 267 Kbps
ii. 200*4/3= 267 Kbps
iii. 1*20/3= 6.67 Kbps

We need to upgrade a channel to a higher bandwidth. Answer the following

questions:
a. How is the rate improved if we double the bandwidth?
b. How is the rate improved if we double the SNR?
Ans: If we double the bandwidth, the data rate is doubled
If SNR is doubled rate is improved slightly
We have a channel with 4 KHz bandwidth. If we want to send data at 100 Kbps,
what is the minimum SNRdB? What is SNR?
Ans: C=B*(SNRdb/3)
SNRdb=(C*3)/B=100*3/4=75
SNR=10SNRdb/10 = 107.5

What is the transmission time of a packet sent by a station if the length of the
packet is 1 million bytes
and the bandwidth of the channel is 200 Kbps?
Ans: file contain 1 million bytes = 1000000*8 = 8000000 bits
bandwidth of the channel is 200 Kbps = 200000 bps
transmission time = 8000000/200000 = 40s

Date: 17/09/2016

Harshith K S

USN: 1SI14IS021

What is the length of a bit in a channel with a propagation speed of 2 x 108 m/s if
the channel
bandwidth is
a. 1 Mbps?
b. 10 Mbps?
c. 100 Mbps?
Ans: bit length = propagation speed / bit duration
bit duration = 1/bandwidth
i. 2 x 108 * (1/106) = 200m
ii. 2 x 108 * (1/107) = 20m
iii. 2 x 108 * (1/108) = 2m

How many bits can fit on a link with a 2 ms delay if the bandwidth of the link is
a. 1 Mbps?
b. 10 Mbps?
c. 100 Mbps?
Ans: Number of bits =bandwidth*delay
i. (1*106)*(2*10-3) = 2000bits
ii. (10*106)*(2*10-3) = 20000bits
iii. (100*106)*(2*10-3) = 200000bits

What is the total delay (latency) for a frame of size 5 million bits that is being sent
on a link with 10
routers each having a queuing time of 2s and a processing time of 1 s. The
length of the link is 2000 Km. The speed of light inside the link is 2 x 108 m/s.
The link has a bandwidth of 5 Mbps. Which component of the total delay is
dominant? Which one is negligible?
Ans: Latency = processing time + queuing time + transmission time +
propagation time
(10 1 s)+( 10 2 s)+( 5,000,000 / (5 Mbps))+( (2000 Km) / (2 108))

0.00001 + 0.00002 + 1 + 0.01 = 1.01003

The transmission time is dominant here because the packet size is huge

Date: 17/09/2016

Harshith K S

USN: 1SI14IS021

The period of a signal is 100 ms. What is its frequency in kilohertz?

Ans: 100ms =100*10-3 = 10-1
f=1/T = 1/10-1 = 10Hz =10-2kHz

The power we use at home has a frequency of 60 Hz (50 Hz in Europe). What is

the period of this sine Wave
Ans: T=1/f
1/60 = 0.0166*103 =16.6s