European History, 31 BCAD 900

Historical Tripos Part I,

Paper 13

SELECT READING LISTS

Compiled by Peter Sarris, Rosamond McKitterick, Tom Hooper,

Michael Humphreys and Richard Sowerby
Revised Michaelmas, 2016

Table of Contents
A: The Roman Empire, to the third century

B: Late Antiquity

Augustus
Imperial government and administration
From the third-century crisis to the Tetrarchy
The Roman economy
Imperial cult and Roman religion
Gender and sexuality
Slavery and Roman society

Overviews
From Constantine to Julian
The Christianization of the Empire
The emergence of monasticism
Towns and economic change

C: The Early Middle Ages

Overviews
Barbarian invasion and settlement
Vandal Africa
Ostrogothic Italy
Visigothic Spain
Merovingian Gaul and the Franks
Byzantium in the age of Justinian
The world of early Islam
Central and Eastern Europe
Byzantium in the eighth and ninth centuries
The Carolingian Empire
The vikings
Early medieval kingship
Early medieval queenship
Law and legislation
Towns and economic development
Men and women in the early Middle Ages
The Church

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

8
8
9
11
12

13
13
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
25
26
26
27
28
29
30

The entries given here for each topic offer only very select reading lists. A more comprehensive and
detailed bibliography can be found on the Paper 13 Camtools site. A separate reading list prepared
by Dr Paul Millet also supplements the entries given here for Roman history.

A: The Roman Empire to the third century

Sources:

Collected sources,
Res gestae divi Augusti,
Suetonius, Divus Augustus,
268,
Tacitus, Annals, I.12,
Cassius Dio, Roman
History, LI.1, LIII.211,

General reading:

AUGUSTUS
ed. M. Cooley, trans. B. Wilson The Age of Augustus (2003)
ed. and trans. A. Cooley, Res Gestae Divi Augusti: Text, Translation,
and Commentary (2009)
trans. R. Graves, Suetonius: The Twelve Caesars, rev. J. Rives
(London, 2007) [other translations available as Lives of the Caesars]
trans. A. Woodman, Tacitus: The Annals (2004) [among other available
translations]

ed. and trans. E. Cary, Dios Roman History (191427) [among other
available translations]

A. Bowman, E. Champlin
and A. Lintott (eds.),
D. Favro,
K. Galinsky,

The Cambridge Ancient History. Volume X: The Augustan Empire, 43

BCAD 69 (1996) [ch. 3]
The Urban Image of Augustan Rome (1996)
Augustus: Introduction to the Life of an Emperor (2012) [esp. chs. 3, 4

K. Galinsky,
A. Powell (ed.)
D. Shotter,
M. Vessey (ed.),
C. Wells,
P. Zanker,

Augustan Culture: An Interpretative Introduction (1996)

Roman Poetry and Propaganda in the Age of Augustus (1992)
Augustus Caesar (1991) [esp. chs. 3 and 6]
A Companion to Augustine (2012)
The Roman Empire (1992) [ch. 3]
The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus, trans. A. Shapiro (1990)

Tacitus:

J. Ginsburg,
C. Krauss and A. Woodman,
V. Pagn (ed.),
C. Pelling,
P. Sinclair,
B. Williams,
A. Woodman (ed.),

and 8]

Tradition and Theme in the Annals of Tacitus (1981)

Latin Historians (1997)
A Companion to Tacitus (2012)
Tacitus and Germanicus, in Tacitus and the Tacitean Tradition, ed.
T. Luce and A. Woodman (1993), pp. 5985
Tacitus the Sententious Historian: A Sociology of Rhetoric in Annales
16 (1995)
Reading Tacitus Tiberian annals, Ramus 18 (1989), 14066
The Cambridge Companion to Tacitus (2009)

The Roman Empire

IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT
AND ADMINISTRATION
Sources:

Collected sources,
Collected sources,

trans. B. Levick, The Government of the Roman Empire: A Sourcebook

(1985)
trans. R. Sherk, The Roman Empire: Augustus to Hadrian (1988)

General reading:
D. Braund (ed.),
The Administration of the Roman Empirer (241 BCAD 193) (1988)
P. Garnsey and R. Saller,
The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture (1989) [Part I]
P. Garnsey and R. Saller,
The Early Principate: Augustus to Trajan (1982)
P. Garney and C. Whittaker Imperialism in the Ancient World (1978) [see chapters by Garnsey and
Nutton]
(eds.),
B. Levick,
Imperium Romanum: Politics and Administration (1993)
F. Millar,
The emperor, the senate and the provinces, Journal of Roman
Studies56 (1966), 15666
F. Millar,
Empire and city, Augustus to Julian: obligations, excuses and status,
Journal of Roman Studies 73 (1983), 7696

The Roman Empire

Sources:

Collected sources,
Collected sources,
Collected sources,

General reading:

A. Bowman, A. Cameron
and P. Garnsey (eds.),
A. Cameron,
A. Jones,

FROM THE THIRD-CENTURY CRISIS

TO THE TETRACHY
trans. N. Lewis and M. Reinhold, Roman Civilization Volume II: The
Empire (1966) [ch. 6]
trans. O. Hekster, Rome and its Empire, AD 193284 (2008)
trans. R. Rees, Diocletian and the Tetrarchy (2004)

N. Lenski (ed.),

The Cambridge Ancient History. Volume XII: The Crisis of Empire,

AD 193337 (2005) [chs. 23, 5, and 6cd]
The Later Roman Empire, AD 284430 (1993) [chs. 13]
The Later Roman Empire, 284602: A Social, Economic and
Administrative Survey (1964) [vol. I, chs. 12]
The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine (rev. ed., 2011)

F. Millar,

The Roman Empire and its Neighbours (1967) [ch. 13]

[ch. 2]

On the third-century crisis:

A. Alfdy,

R. MacMullen,
D. Potter,

The crisis of the third century as seen by contemporaries, Greek, Roman

and Byzantine Studies 15 (1974) 89112
Imperial Rome AD 193 to 284: The Critical Century (2012)
The third-century crisis in the Roman Empire, Bulletin of the John
Rylands Library 58 (1976), 25381
The crisis of the third century AD in the Roman Empire: a modern
myth?, in The Transformation of Economic Life under the Roman
Empire, ed. L. de Blois and J. Rich (2002), pp. 20417
Was there a crisis of the third century? in Crises and the Roman Empire,
ed. O. Hekster, G. de Kleijn and D. Slootjes (2006), pp. 1120
Roman Governments Response to Crisis, AD 235337 (1976)
Prophecy and History in the Crisis of the Roman Empire (1990) [ch. 1: see

P. Southern,
A. Watson,

The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine (2001) [chs. 13]

Aurelian and the Third Century (1999)

C. Ando,
A. Birley,
L. de Blois,
J. Liebeschuetz,

also the review in Journal of Roman Archaeology 9 (1996), 51527]

On Diocletian and the Tetrarchy:

S. Corcoran,

B. Leadbetter,
S. Williams,

For regional crises:

J. Drinkwater,
R. Stoneman,

The Empire of the Tetrarchs: Imperial Pronouncements and Government

AD 284324 (1996)
Galerius and the Will of Diocletian (2009)
Diocletian and the Roman Recovery (1985)
The Gallic Empire: Separatism and Continuity in the North-Western
Provinces of the Roman Empire A.D. 260274 (1987)
Palmyra and its Empire: Zenobias Revolt against Rome (1992)

The Roman Empire

Sources:

Collected sources,

Reading:

R. Duncan-Jones,
R. Duncan-Jones,
M. Finley,
P. Garnsey,
P. Garnsey, K. Hopkins
and C. Whittaker (eds.),
K. Greene,
K. Hopkins,
C. Whittaker (ed.),

THE ROMAN ECONOMY

trans. F. Meijer and O. van Nijf, Trade, Transport and Society in the
Ancient World: A Sourcebook (1992)
Structure and Scale in the Roman Economy (1990)
Money and Government in the Roman Empire (1994)
The Ancient Economy (2nd ed., 1985)
Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World: Responses to
Risk and Crisis (1988)
Trade in the Ancient Economy (1983)
The Archaeology of the Roman Economy (1986)
Taxes and trade in the Roman Empire (200 BCAD 400), Journal of
Roman Studies 70 (1980), 10125
Pastoral Economies in Classical Antiquity (1988)

The Roman Empire

Sources:

Collected sources,

Reading:

M. Beard, J. North and

S. Price,
P. Garnsey,
K. Hopkins,
R. Lane-Fox,
J. Liebeschuetz,
J. Rives

Imperial cult:
J. Fears,

I. Gradel,
S. Price,
S. Price,

IMPERIAL CULT AND ROMAN RELIGION

trans. M. Beard, J. North and S. Price, Religions of Rome. Volume II: A
Sourcebook (1998)
Religions of Rome. Volume I: A History (1998)
Religious toleration in classical antiquity, in Persecution and
Toleration, ed. W. Sheils (1984), pp. 128
A World Full of Gods: Pagans, Jews and Christians in the Roman
Empire (1999)
Pagans and Christians (1986)
Continuity and Change in Roman Religion (1979)
Religion in the Roman Empire (2007)
Princeps a diis electus: The Divine Election of the Emperor as a
Political Concept at Rome (1977)
Emperor Worship and Roman Religion (2004)
Between man and God: sacrifice in the Roman imperial cult, Journal
of Roman Studies 70 (1980), 2843
From noble funerals to divine cult: the consecration of Roman
emperors, in Rituals of Royalty: Power and Ceremonial in
Traditional Societies, ed. D. Cannadine and S. Price (1987), pp. 56
105

The Roman Empire

Sources:

Collected sources,

Reading:
M. Beard,

S. Dixon,
C. Edwards,
R. Flemming,
J. Gardner,
S. Pomeroy,
A. Rouselle,
M. Skinner,

GENDER AND SEXUALITY

trans. M. Lefkowitz and M. Fant, Womens Life in Greece and Rome
(1982)
The sexual status of the Vestal Virgins, Journal of Roman Studies 70
(1980), 1227
The Roman Mother (1988)
The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome (1993)
Medicine and the Making of Roman Women (2000)
Women in Roman Law and Society (1986)
Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity
(1975)
Porneia: On Desire and the Body in Antiquity (1988)
Sexuality in Greek and Roman Culture (2005)

The Roman Empire

Sources:

Collected sources,

Reading:

K. Bradley,
K. Bradley,
K. Bradley and
P. Cartledge (eds.),
M. Bradley,
M. Finley,
M. Finley,
L. Foxhall,
P. Garnsey,
K. Harper,
W. Harris,
K. Hopkins,
D. Rathbone,
W. Scheidel,

SLAVERY AND ROMAN SOCIETY

trans. T. Wiedemann, Greek and Roman Slavery (1981)
Slavery and Society at Rome (1994)
Slaves and Masters in the Roman Empire: A Study in Social Control
(1984)
The Cambridge World History of Slavery. Volume I: The Ancient
Mediterranean World (2011) [esp. chs. 1215]
On the Roman slave supply and slavebreeding, in Classical Slavery,
ed. M. Finley (1987), 5381
Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology, ed. B.D. Shaw (rev. ed., 1980)
The Ancient Economy (1992) [esp. ch. 3]
The dependent tenant: land leasing and labour in Italy and Greece,
Journal of Roman Studies 80 (1990) 97114
Cities, Peasants and Food in Classical Antiquity: Essays in Social and
Economic History (1998) [ch. 8]
The Greek census inscriptions of Late Antiquity, Journal of Roman
Studies 98 (2008), 83119
Demography, geography and the sources of Roman slaves, Journal of
Roman Studies 89 (1999) 6275
Conquerors and Slaves (1978) [ch. 1]
The slave mode of production in Italy, Journal of Roman Studies 73
(1983), 327
Quantifying the sources of slaves in the early Roman empire, Journal
of Roman Studies 87 (1997), 15669

B: Late Antiquity
Overviews:

P. Brown,
P. Garnsey and
C. Humphress,
J. Harries,
O. Hekster,
S. Johnson (ed.),
P. Rousseau and J. Raithel
(eds),

Sources:

Collected sources,
Collected sources,

The Making of Late Antiquity (1978)

The Evolution of the Late Antique World (2001)
Imperial Rome AD 284363: The New Empire (2012)
Rome and its Empire, AD 193284 (2008)
The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity (2012)
A Companion to Late Antiquity (2009)

trans. N. Lewis and M. Reinhold, Roman Civilization Volume II: The

Empire (1966) [pp. 566618]
trans. B. Croke and J. Harries, Religious Conflict in Fourth-Century
Rome: A Documentary Study (1982) [a very good collection, but denser
and less immediately accessible than the above]

Sources:

Collected sources,

Constantine:
H. Drake,
C. Odahl,
R. Van Dam,

Julian:

FROM CONSTANTINE TO JULIAN

ed. and trans. S. Lieu, The Emperor Julian: Panegyric and Polemic (2nd
ed., 1989)
Constantine and the Bishops: The Politics of Intolerance (2000)
Constantine and the Christian Empire (2nd ed., 2010)
The Roman Revolution of Constantine (2007)

P. Athanassiadi,

Julian and Hellenism: An Intellectual Biography (1981) [esp.

G. Bowersock,
S. Tougher,

Julian the Apostate (1978)

Julian the Apostate (2007)

Imperial government:
C. Kelly,
W. Liebeschuetz,
R. MacMullen,
F. Pedersen,

chs. 45]

Ruling the Later Roman Empire (2004)

Government and administration in the later Empire, in The Roman
World, ed. J. Wacher (1987)
Corruption and the Decline of Rome (1988)
Late Roman Public Professionalism (1976)

Late Antiquity

THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF THE EMPIRE

Sources:

Collected sources,
Collected sources,
Collected sources,
Collected sources,

Introductions:

A.K. Bowman, A. Cameron

and P. Garnsey (eds.),

A. Cameron,
N. Lenski (ed.),

General reading:
P. Brown,

A. Cameron,
P. Chuvin,
A. Fear, J. Urbia and M.
Marcos,
R. Flower,
M Gaddis,
E. Iricinschi and H. Zellentin
(eds.),
J. Leibeschuetz,
R. MacMullen,
A. Momigliano,
E. Rebillard,

Pagan monotheism:

P. Athanassiadi and M. Frede

(eds.),
T. Barnes,
H. Chadwick,

trans. B. Ehrman and A. Jacobs, Christianity in Late Antiquity, 300

450 CE: A Reader (2004)
trans. R. MacMullen, Paganism and Christianity 100-425 C.E.: A
Sourcebook (1992)
trans. J. Stevenson, A New Eusebius: Documents Illustrating the
History of the Church to AD 337, rev. W. Frend (1987) [esp. nos.
25871 and 28096]

trans. J. Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies: Documents

Illustrating the History of the Church AD 337461, rev. W. Frend
(1989) [nos.6474, 8893, 1278, 16876, 17988, 21528, 23752]
The Cambridge Ancient History. Volume XII: The Crisis of Empire,
AD 193337 (2005) [ch. 21]
The Later Roman Empire, AD 284430 (1993) [chs.46]
The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine (2006) [chs. 3
7]

Authority and the Sacred: Aspects of the Christianisation of the

Roman World (1995) [chs. 12]
The Last Pagans of Rome (2011)
A Chronicle of the Last Pagans, trans. B. Archer (1990) [chs. 15]
The Role of the Bishop in Late Antiquity: Conflict and Compromise
(2013)
Visions of Constantine, Journal of Roman Studies 102 (2012), 287
305
There is No Crime for Those Who Have Christ: Religious Violence in
the Christian Roman Empire (2005)
Heresy and Identity in Late Antiquity (2008)
Ambrose and John Chrysostom: Clerics between Desert and Empire
(2011)
Christianizing the Roman Empire (1984) [esp. chs. 511]
The Conflict between Paganism and Christianity in the Fourth
Century (1963) [chs. 1 and 4]
Christians and their many Identities in Late Antiquity (2012)
Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity (1999) [ch. 2]
Athanasius and Constantius: Theology and Politics in the
Constantinian Empire (1993) [chs. 15, 16 and 18]
The Church in Ancient Society: From Galilee to Gregory the Great
(2001) [esp. chs. 28, 35, 41, 468 and 513]

Late Antiquity

S. Hall,

Doctrine and Practice in the Early Church (2nd ed., 2005) [chs. 1216

A. Jones,
A. Jones,

Constantine and the Conversion of Europe (1949) [chs. 7, 9 and 10]

Were ancient heresies national or social movements in disguise?,
Journal of Theological Studies 10 (1959), 28098
Monotheism between Pagans and Christians in Late Antiquity (2010)

S. Mitchell and P. van

Nuffelen (eds.),
R. Williams (ed.),
Donatists:
P. Brown,

Christological controversies:
H. Chadwick,
H. Chadwick,
R. Sellers,
R. Williams,

and 1922]

[esp. chs. 1, 5, 8 and 9]

The Making of Orthodoxy: Essays in Honour of Henry Chadwick

(1989) [esp. chs. by Williams, Hanson and Markus]
Religious dissent in the later Roman Empire: the case of North
Africa, History 46 (1961), 83-101; rptd in P. Brown, Religion and
Society in the Age of St Augustine (1972), pp. 23760
Eucharist and Christology in the Nestorian Controversy, Journal of
Theological Studies 2 (1951), 14564; rptd in H, Chadwick, History
and Thought of the Early Church (1982), no. XVI
Faith and order at the Council of Nicaea: a note on the background
of the sixth canon, Harvard Theological Review 53 (1960), 17195
The Council of Chalcedon: A Historical and Doctrinal Survey (1953)
Arius: Heresy and Tradition (1987)

Priscillian and Priscillianism:

V. Burrus,

R. Van Dam,

The Making of a Heretic: Gender, Authority and the Priscillianist

Controversy (1995) [esp. Introduction, chs. 34 and Conclusion]
Leadership and Community in Late Antique Gaul (1985) [ch. 5]

Augustine and Pelagianism:

P. Brown,
P. Brown,

W. Liebeschuetz,
R. Rees,

Augustine of Hippo: A Biography (1969) [chs. 2933]

Pelagius and his supporters: aims and environment, Journal of
Theological Studies 19 (1968) pp. 93114; reprinted in P. Brown,
Religion and Society in the Age of St Augustine (1972), pp. 183207
Did the Pelagian movement have social aims?, Historia 12 (1963),
22741; rptd in W. Liebeschuetz, From Diocletian to the Arab
Conquest: Change in the Late Roman Empire (1990), no. VII
Pelagius: A Reluctant Heretic (1988)

10

Late Antiquity

THE EMERGENCE OF MONASTICISM

Sources:

Athanasius, Life of St Antony

Palladius, Lausiac History
Theodoret, History of the
Monks of Syria

Reading:

D. Brakke,
P. Brown,
P. Brown,
D. Caner,
E. Clarke,
P. Rousseau,

trans. R. Gregg, Athanasius: The Life of Antony and the Letter to

Marcellinus (1980) [among other available translations]
trans. R. Meyer, The Lausiac History of Palladius (1965)
trans. R. Price, Theodoret of Cyrrhus: A History of the Monks of
Syria (1985)
Demons and the Making of the Monk: Spiritual Combat in Early
Christianity (2006)
The rise and function of the holy man in Late Antiquity, Journal of
Roman Studies 61 (1971), 80101; rptd in P. Brown, Society and
the Holy in Late Antiquity (1982), pp. 10352
The Cult of the Saints (1981)
Wandering, Begging Monks: Spiritual Authority and the Promotion
of Monasticism in Late Antiquity (2002)
Ascetic Piety and Womens Faith: Essays on Late Ancient
Christianity (1986)
Pachomius: The Making of a Community in Fourth-Century Egypt
(1985)

11

Late Antiquity

TOWNS AND ECONOMIC CHANGE

G. Brogiolo and B. WardPerkins,
N. Christie and S. Loseby
(eds.),
G. Brogiolo, N. Gauthier and
N. Christie,
M. Hendy,
S. Kingsley and M. Decker
(eds.),
J. Rich (ed.),
R. Van Dam,

The Idea and Ideal of the Town between Late Antiquity and the Early
Middle Ages (1999)
Towns in Transition: Urban Evolution in Late Antiquity and the Early
Middle Ages (1996)
Towns and their Territories between Late Antiquity and the Early
Middle Ages (2000)
From public to private: the western barbarian coinages as a mirror of
the disintegration of late Roman state structures, Viator 19 (1988),
2978
Economy and Exchange in the East Mediterranean during Late
Antiquity (2001)
The City in Late Antiquity (1992)
The Pirenne thesis and fifth-century Gaul, in Fifth-Century Gaul: A
Crisis of Identity?, ed. J. Drinkwater and H. Elton (1992), pp. 321
33 [alongside other useful pieces in Part IV]

12

13

C: The Early Middle Ages

Overviews:
R. Collins,
M. Innes,

A. Murray,
R. McKitterick (ed.),
R. McKitterick (ed.),
P. Sarris,
J. Smith,
C. Wickham,

Early Medieval Europe, 3001000 (3rd ed., 2010)

Introduction to Early Medieval Europe, 300900. The Sword, the
Plough and the Book (2007)
After Romes Fall: Narrators and Sources of Early Medieval History
(1998)
The Times Medieval World (2003)
The Short Oxford History of Europe: The Early Middle Ages. Europe
4001000 (2001)
Empires of Faith: The Fall of Rome to the Rise of Islam, 500700
(2011)
Europe after Rome: A New Cultural History, 5001000 (2005)
The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000
(2009)

BARBARIAN INVASION AND SETTLEMENT

Sources:
Ammianus Marcellinus,
Res gestae, XXXI.413
Themistius, Orations,
VIII and X
General reading:

A. Cameron,
A. Cameron, B. Ward-Perkins
and M. Whitby (eds.),
N. Christie,
J. Drinkwater,
G. Halsall,
G. Halsall,
P. Heather,
P. Heather,
P. Heather,
L. Little and B. Rosenwein
(eds.),
J. Liebeschuetz,
E. Thompson,
B. Ward-Perkins,
L. Webster and M. Brown
(eds.),

trans. A. Wallace-Hadrill, Ammianus Marcellinus: The Later Roman

Empire, AD 354378 (1986) [among other translations]
trans. P. Heather and J. Matthews, The Goths in the Fourth Century
(1991) [ch. 2]
The Later Roman Empire, AD 284430 (1993) [ch. 9]
The Cambridge Ancient History. Volume XIV: Late Antiquity.
Empires and Successors, AD 425600 (2000) [ch. 1]
The Fall of the Western Roman Empire: An Archaeological &
Historical Perspective (2011)
The Alamanni and Rome 213496: Caracalla to Clovis (2007)
Movers and shakers: the barbarians and the fall of Rome, Early
Medieval Europe 8 (1999), 13145
Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376568 (2007)
The Goths (1996)
The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History (2005)
Empires and Barbarians (2010)
Debating the Middle Ages: Issues and Readings (1998) [Part I]
The uses and abuses of the concept of decline in later Roman
history, in Recent Research in Late-Antique Urbanism, ed. L.
Lavan, (2001), pp. 23345 [see also the debate which follows]
The Huns (1996)
The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization (2005)
The Transformation of the Roman World, AD 400900 (1997)

The Early Middle Ages

Further discussions:

A. Cameron and J. Long,

H.-W. Goetz, J. Jarnut and

W. Pohl (eds.),
J. Harries,
R. Mathisen and H. Sivan,
W. Pohl (ed.),
W. Pohl (ed.),

Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius (1993) [esp. chs. 6

and 8]

Regna and Gentes: The Relationship between Late Antique and Early
Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the
Roman World (2003)
Sidonius Apollinaris and the Fall of Rome, AD 407485 (1994)
Shifting Frontiers in Late Antiquity (1996) [esp. ch. 3]
Kingdoms of the Empire: The Integration of Barbarians in Late
Antiquity (1997)
Strategies of Distinction: The Construction of Ethnic Communities,
300800 (1998)

Relations between Romans and barbarians':

P. Heather,
W. Goffart,
W. Goffart,
J. Matthews,
T. Noble (ed.),
P. Wormald,

Goths and Romans, 332489 (1991)

Barbarians and Romans A.D. 418584: The Techniques of
Accommodation (1980)
Barbarian Tides: The Migration Age and the Later Roman Empire
(2006) [ch. 6]
Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court AD 364425 (1975)
From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms (2006) [esp. chs. 9, 11
and 13]

The decline of the Roman Empire and the survival of its aristocracy,
Journal of Roman Studies 66 (1976) 21726

14

The Early Middle Ages

VANDAL AFRICA
Sources:

Victor of Vita, History of the

Vandal Persecution
Procopius, The Vandal War
Isidore of Seville, History of the
Goths, Sueves and Vandals
Luxorius, collected works,
The Albertini Tablets

Reading:

M. Brett and E. Fentress,

A. Cameron,
F. Clover,
J. Conant,
J. Liebeschuetz,
A. Merrills (ed.),
A. Merrills and R. Miles,

trans. J. Moorhead, Victor of Vita: History of the Vandal Persecution

(1992)
ed. and trans. H. Dewing, Procopius (191440)
trans. B. Domini and G. Ford, Isidore of Sevilles History of the
Goths, Vandals and Suevi (1970)
trans. M. Rosenblum, Luxorius: A Latin Poet among the Vandals
(1961)
plates in C. Courtois et al (eds.), Tablettes Albertini. Actes privs de
lpoque vandale, fin du V. sicle (1952)
The Berbers (1996) [ch. 2]
Gelimers laughter: the case of Byzantine Africa, in Tradition and
Innovation in Late Antiquity, ed. F. Clover and R. Humphreys
(1989), pp. 17190
The symbiosis of Romans and Vandals in Africa, in Dash Reich und
die Barbaren, ed. E. Chrysos and A. Schwarcz (1989), pp. 5583
Staying Roman: Conquest and Identity in Africa and the
Mediterranean, 439700 (2012)
Gens into regnum: the Vandals, in Regna and Gentes: The
Relationship between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples
and Kingdoms, ed. H.-W. Goetz, J. Jarnut and W. Pohl (2003),
pp. 5583
Vandals, Romans and Berbers. New Perspectives on Late Antique
North Africa (2004) [an important collection]
The Vandals (2010)

15

The Early Middle Ages

OSTROGOTHIC ITALY
Sources:

Jordanes, Gothic History

Cassiodorus, Variae
Procopius, Gothic Wars

trans. C. Mierow, The Gothic History of Jordanes (1915)

trans. S. Barnish, The Variae of Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus
Senator (1992)
trans. A. Murray, From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: A Reader
(2000)
ed. and trans. H. Dewing, Procopius (191440)

General reading:
P. Amory,

People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489554 (1997) [esp. chs. 2,

Anonymous Valesianus

S. Barnish and F. Marazzi

(eds.),
T. Burns,
P. Fouracre (ed.),
C. La Rocca (ed.),
S. Lafferty,
C. Wickham,
C. Wickham,
Theoderic:
P. Heather,
P. Heather,
A. Jones,
J. Moorhead,
Cassidorus:
S. Bjornlie,
S. Bjornlie,
P. Heather,
J. ODonnell,
Jordanes:
W. Goffart,

4, 6 and 7]

The Ostrogoths from the Migration Period to the Sixth Century: An

Ethnographic Perspective (2007)
The Ostrogoths: Kingship and Society (1980) [esp. ch. 4]
The New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume I: c. 500c. 700
(2005) [ch. 6]
Italy in the Early Middle Ages (2002)
Law and Society in the Age of Theoderic the Great (2013)
Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society, 4001000
(1981)
Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean 400
800 (2005) [chs. 14, 1011 have sections on Italy]
Goths and Romans 332489
Theoderic, king of the Goths, Early Medieval Europe 4 (1995),
14573
The constitutional position of Odoacer and Theoderic, Journal of
Roman Studies 52 (1962), 12630 [dated but useful]
Theoderic in Italy (1993) [see also review in Early Medieval Europe 5
(1996), 1068]

What do elephants have to do with sixth-century politics? A

reappraisal of the official government dossier of Cassiodorus,
Journal of Late Antiquity 2 (2009), 14371
Politics and Tradition between Rome, Ravenna and Constantinople.
A Study of Cassiodorus and the Variae, 527554 (2013)
The Restoration of Rome: Barbarians Popes and Imperial Pretenders
(2014) [ch. 2]
Cassiodorus (1979)
The Narrators of Barbarian History (A.D. 550-800): Jordanes,
Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon (1988) [ch. 2]

16

The Early Middle Ages

VISIGOTHIC SPAIN
Sources:

Julian of Toledo, History of

King Wamba,
Collected sources,
Collected sources,

Introductions:
R. Collins,
R. Collins,
J. OCallaghan,

Further reading:
K. Carr,

P. Diaz and M. Valverde,

P. Heather (ed.),
P. King,

trans. J. Martnez Pizarro, The Story of Wamba: Julian of Toledos

Historia Wambae regis (2005)
trans. O.R. Constable, Medieval Spain, Readings from Christian,
Muslim and Jewish Sources (1997)
trans. K.B. Wolf, Conquerors and Chroniclers of Early Medieval
Spain (1990)
Early Medieval Spain, 4001000 (2nd ed., 1991)
Visigothic Spain, 409711 (2005)
A History of Medieval Spain (1983)
Vandals to Visigoths: Rural Settlement Patterns in Early Medieval
Spain (2002)
The theoretical strength and practical weakness of the Visigothic
monarchy of Toledo, in Rituals of Power: From Late Antiquity
to the Early Middle Ages, ed. F. Theuws and J. Nelson (2000),
pp. 5993
The Visigoths from the Migration Period to the Seventh Century:
An Ethnographic Perspective (1999)
Law and Socety in the Visigothic Kingdom (1972)

The conquest of Visigothic Spain:

R. Collins,
R. Fletcher,
F. Murphy,
N. Roth,

The Arab Conquest of Spain, 71097

Moorish Spain (1992)
Julian of Toledo and the fall of the Visigothic kingdom of Spain,
Speculum 27 (1952), 127
Jews, Visigoths and Muslims in Medieval Spain: Cooperation and
Conflict (1994)

17

The Early Middle Ages

MEROVINGIAN GAUL AND THE FRANKS

Sources:

Gregory of Tours, Ten Books

of Histories
Fredegar, Chronicle
Collected sources,
Collected sources,

Introductions:
P. Geary,

E. James,
J. Wallace-Hadrill,
I. Wood,

Further reading:

J. Drinkwater and H. Elton

(eds.),
Y. Hen,
E. James,
R. Mathisen and D. Shanzer
(eds.),
I. Wood (ed.),

Clovis:

W. Daly,
I. Wood,

Gregory of Tours:
W. Goffart,

M. Heinzelmann,
K. Mitchell,

trans. L. Thorpe, Gregory of Tours: The History of the Franks (1974)

trans. J. Wallace-Hadrill, The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of
Fredegar, with its Continuations (1960)
trans. A. Murray, From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: A Reader
(2000)
trans. P. Fouracre and R. Gerberding, Late Merovingian France:
History and Hagiography, 640720 (1996)
Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of
the Merovingian World (1988)
The Franks (1988)
The Long-Haired Kings and Other Studies in Frankish History
The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450751 (1993)
Fifth-Century Gaul: A Crisis of Identity? (1992)
Culture and Religion in Merovingian Gaul, AD 481751 (1995)
The Franks (1988)
Society and Culture in Late Antique Gaul: Revisiting the Sources
(2001)
Franks and Alamanni in the Merovingian Period: An Ethnographic
Perspective (1998)
Clovis: how barbaric, how pagan?, Speculum 69 (1994), 1839
Gregory of Tours and Clovis, Revue belge de philologie et
dhistoire 63 (1985), 24972
The Narrators of Barbarian History (A.D. 550-800): Jordanes,
Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon (1988) [ch. 3]
Gregory of Tours: History and Society in the Sixth Century, trans. C.
Carroll (2001)
The World of Gregory of Tours (2002)

18

The Early Middle Ages

BYZANTIUM IN THE AGE OF JUSTINIAN

Sources:

Collected sources,
Procopius, Secret History

General reading:

ed. and trans. G. Greatrex and D. Lieu, The Roman Eastern Frontier
and the Persian Wars: A Narrative Sourcebook. Part II, AD 363630: A Narrative Sourcebook (2008) [chs. 69]
trans. G. Williamson and P. Sarris, Procopius: The Secret History
(2007)

A. Cameron,

The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, AD 395600 (1993)

A. Cameron, B. Ward-Perkins
and M. Whitby (eds.),
P. Heather,

The Cambridge Ancient History. Volume XIV: Late Antiquity.

Empires and Successors, AD 425600 (2000) [ch. 3]
The Restoration of Rome: Barbarians Popes and Imperial Pretenders
(2014) [chs. 34]
A History of the Byzantine State and Society (1997) [ch. 6]

W. Treadgold,

Justinian:
J. Evans,
J. Evans,
C. Foss,

M.. Maas (ed.),

J. Moorhead,

Legal reforms:
C. Humfress,
M. Maas,
Plague and the economy:
L. Little (ed.),
P. Sarris,
P. Sarris,

The Nika riot:

G. Greatrex,

A. Cameron,
Procopius:
A. Cameron,
A. Kaldellis,
W. Treadgold,

[ch. 5]

The Age of Justinian: The Circumstances of Imperial Power (1996)

The Empress Theodora: Partner of Justinian (2002)
The Persians in Asia Minor and the end of antiquity, English
Historical Review 90 (1975), pp. 72147
The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian (2005)
Justinian (1994)
Law and legal practice in the age of Justinian, in The Cambridge
Companion to the Age of Justinian, ed. M. Maas (2005), pp. 16184
Roman history and Christian ideology in Justinians reform
legislation, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 40 (1986), 1731
Plague and the End of Antiquity: The Pandemic of 541750 (2007)
The Justinianic plague: origins and effects, Continuity and Change
17 (2002), 16982
Economy and Society in the Age of Justinian (2006)
The Nika riot: a reappraisal, Journal of Hellenic Studies 117 (1997),
6086
Circus Factions (1976) [for background]
Procopius and the Sixth Century (1985)
Procopius of Caesarea: Tyranny, History and Philosophy at the End
of Antiquity (2004)
The Early Byzantine Historians (2007) [chs. 68]

19

The Early Middle Ages

THE WORLD OF EARLY ISLAM

Sources:

The Quran,
Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah
Sebeos, Armenian History

General reading:
J. Berkey,
P. Crone,
P. Crone,
F. Donner,
H. Kennedy,
H. Kennedy,
C. Robinson (ed.),

Muhammad and his legacy:

M. Cook,
F. Donner,
H. Kennedy,

Source issues:
P. Crone,
F. Donner,

J. Howard-Johnston,
R. Hoyland,
R. Humphreys,
H. Motzi,

trans. N. Dawood, The Koran (1956) [among many other translations]

trans. A. Guillaume, The Life of Muhammad (1955)
trans. R. Thomson, The Armenian History attributed to Sebeos (1999)
The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600
1800
From Arabian Tribes to Islamic Empire: Army, State and Society in
the Near East, c. 600850 (2008)
Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity (1980)
The background to Islam, in The Cambridge Companion to the Age
of Justinian, ed. M. Maas (2005), pp. 51033
The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the
World We Live In (2007)
The Court of the Caliphs: The Rise and Fall of Islams Greatest
Dynasty (2004)
The New Cambridge History of Islam. Volume I: The Formation of
the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries (2010)
Muhammad (1983)
Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam (2010)
The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East
from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century (2nd ed., 2004)
Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World (1977)
Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical
Writing (1988)
Witnesses to a World Crisis: Historians and Histories of the Middle
East in the Seventh Century (2010)
Seeing Islam as Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian,
Jewish, and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam (1997)
Islamic History: A Framework for Inquiry (rev. ed., 1991)
The Biography of Muhammad: The Issue of the Sources (2000)

20

The Early Middle Ages

CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

Sources:
[Scattered in documents from neighbouring regions: make full use of the indices]
Lives of Cyril and Methodius,
Collected sources,
Annals of Fulda,

Reading:

P. Barford,
F. Curta,
F. Curta,
F. Curta,
F. Curta and R. Kovalev (eds.),
F. Dvornik,
J. Fine Jr.,
C. Frazee,
M. Innes,
J. Shepard,
I. Supicic (ed.),

ed. and trans. M. Kantor and R. White, The Vita of Constantine and
the Vita of Methodius (1976)
M. Maas, Readings in Late Antiquity: A Sourcebook (2000) [ch. 14]
trans. T. Reuter, The Annals of Fulda, 839911 (1992)
The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Europe
(2001)
The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower
Danube Region, c. 500700 (2001)
East Central and Eastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages (2005)
Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 5001250 (2006)
The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, and
Cumans (2008)
Byzantine Missions among the Slavs: SS Constantine-Cyril and
Methodius (1970)
The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the
Late Twelfth Century (1983) [chs. 14]
The Balkans between Rome and Constantinople in the early Middle
Ages 600900, Balkan Studies 2 (1993), 21328
Franks and Slavs c. 700c. 1000: the problem of European
expansion before the millennium, Early Medieval Europe 6 (1997),
20116
Slavs and Bulgars, in The New Medieval History. Volume II: c.
700c. 900, ed. R. McKitterick (1995), pp. 22849
Croatia in the Early Middle Ages: A Cultural Survey (1999)

21

The Early Middle Ages

BYZANTIUM IN THE SEVENTH,

EIGHTH AND NINTH CENTURIES
Sources:

Theophanes, Chronicle,
Nikephoros, Letters
Collected sources,
Collected sources,

Introductions:
M. Angold,
J. Haldon,
C. Mango,
C. Mango (ed.),
J. Shepard (ed.),
W. Treadgold,
M. Whittow,

trans. C. Mango and R. Scott, The Chronicle of Theophanes

Confessor (1997)
ed. and trans. Nikephoros, Patriarch of Constantinople: Letters
(1985)
trans. D. Sahas, Icon and Logos: Sources in Eighth-Century
Iconoclasm (1986)
ed. and trans. C. Mango, The Art of the Byzantine Empire, 3121453:
Sources and Documents (1972) [chs. 46]
Byzantium: The Bridge from Antiquity to the Middle Ages (2001)
Byzantium in the Seventh Century (rev. ed., 1997)
Byzantium: The Empire of New Rome (1980)
The Oxford History of Byzantium (2002)
The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire (2008)
A Concise History of Byzantium (2001)
The Making of Orthodox Byzantium (1997)

Byzantium and its neighbours:

H. Chadwick,
J. Howard-Johnston (ed.),
J. Shepard and S. Franklin
(eds.),

Iconoclasm:

M.-F. Auzpy,
P. Brown,
L. Brubaker and J. Haldon,

Further issues:

T. Brown,
L. Brubaker (ed.),
G. Dagron,
J. Haldon,
J. Hussey,
A. Laiou and C. Morrisson,
P. Magdalino (ed.),
C. Mango,

East and West: The History of a Schism in the Church

Byzantium and the West (1988)
Byzantine Diplomacy (1992)

State of emergency (700850), in The Cambridge History of the

Byzantine Empire, c. 5001492, ed. J. Shepard (2009), pp. 24991
A Dark Age crisis: aspects of the Iconoclastic controversy, English
Historical Review 88 (1973), 134; rptd in P. Brown, Society and
the Holy in Late Antiquity (1982), pp. 251301
Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era, c. 680850: A History (2011)
Gentlemen and Officers (1984)
Byzantium in the Ninth Century: Dead or Alive? (1998)
Emperor and Priest: The Imperial Office in Byzantium, trans. J.
Birrell (2003)
Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 5651204 (1999)
The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire (1986)
The Byzantine Economy (2007)
New Constantines: The Rhythm of Imperial Renewal in Byzantium,
4th13th Centuries (1994)
Constantinople and its Hinterland (1995)

22

The Early Middle Ages

THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE

Sources:

Einhard, Life of Charlemagne,

Collected sources,
Collected sources,

Introductions:

M. Costambeys, M. Innes and

S. MacLean,
R. McKitterick (ed.),
R. McKitterick,
J. Nelson,

trans. D. Ganz, Two Lives of Charlemagne (2008) [among other

available translations]

trans. B. Scholz, Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and

Nithards Histories (1970)
trans. P. Dutton, Carolingian Civilization: A Reader (1994)
The Carolingian World (2011)
The New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume II: c. 700c. 900
(1995)
The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751987 (1983)
The Frankish World, 750900 (1996)

The emergence of the Carolingians:

P. Fouracre,
R. Gerberding,

R. McKitterick,

Expansion and warfare:

The Age of Charles Martel (1999)

The Rise of the Carolingians and the Liber Historiae Francorum
(1987)
The illusion of royal power in the Carolingian annals, English
Historical Review 115 (2000), 120

P. Godman and R. Collins

(eds.),
G. Halsall,

Charlemagnes Heir: New Perspectives on the Reign of Louis the

Pious (814840) (1990) [chapters by Noble and Reuter]
Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West, 450900 (2003)

T. Reuter,

Plunder and tribute in the Carolingian empire, Transactions of the

Royal Historical Society 35 (1985), 391405

Charlemagne:
S. Airlie,

R. McKitterick,
J. Nelson,
J. Story (ed.),

Louis the Pious:

P. Godman and R. Collins

(eds.),
M. Innes,
M. de Jong,

[esp. ch. 4]

Narratives of triumph and rituals of submission: Charlemagnes

mastering of Bavaria, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
9 (1997), 93119
Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity (2008)
Women at the court of Charlemagne: a case of monstrous
regiment?, in Medieval Queenship, ed. J. Parsons (1993); rptd in J.
Nelson, The Frankish World (1996), pp. 22342
Charlemagne: Empire and Society (2005)
Charlemagnes Heir: New Perspectives on the Reign of Louis the
Pious (814840) (1990) [chapters by Noble and Reuter]
Charlemagnes will: piety, politics and the imperial succession,
English Historical Review 112 (1997), 83355
The Penitential State: Authority and Atonement in the Age of Louis
the Pious, 814840 (2009)

23

The Early Middle Ages

The later Carolingians:

E. Goldberg,
S. MacLean,
S. MacLean,
J. Nelson,
T. Reuter,
C. West,

Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German,
817876 (2006)
Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and
the End of the Carolingian Empire (2003)
Charles the Fat and the Viking Great Army: the military explanation
for the end of the Carolingian empire, War Studies Journal 3
(1998), 7495
Charles the Bald (1992)
Germany in the Early Middle Ages (1991)
Reframing the Feudal Revolution: Politics and Social Transformation
between Marne and Moselle, c. 800c. 1100 (2013)

Kingship, government and law:

F. Ganshof,
M. Innes,

The Carolingians and the Frankish Monarchy (1972)

State and Society in the Early Middle Ages (1999) [esp. pp. 11828 and

R. McKitterick,
J. Nelson,

The Carolingians and the Written Word (1989) [chs. 2 and 6]

Kingship and empire, in Carolingian Culture: Emulation and
Innovation, ed. R. McKitterick (1993), pp. 5287
Literacy in Carolingian government, in The Uses of Literacy in
Early Medieval Europe (1990), pp. 25896; rptd in J. Nelson, The
Frankish World, 750900 (1996), pp. 136

J. Nelson,

172241]

The Carolingian renaissance:

P. Brown,

J. Contreni,
J. Contreni,
R. McKitterick,
R. McKitterick,
R. McKitterick (ed.),
J. Nelson,

Church and reform:

M. de Jong,
M. de Jong,
R. McKitterick,

The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, AD 200

1000 (2nd ed., 2003) [ch. 19]
The Carolingian renaissance: education and literary culture, in The
New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume II: c. 700c. 900, ed.
R. McKitterick (1995), pp. 70957
Carolingian Learning, Masters and Manuscripts (1992)
The Carolingian renaissance of culture and learning, in
Charlemagne: Empire and Society, ed. J. Story (2005), pp. 15166
Royal patronage of culture in the Frankish kingdoms under the
Carolingians: motives and consequences, Settimane di studio del
Centro italiano di studi sullalto Medioevo 39 (1992), pp. 93135
Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation (1993)
On the limits of the Carolingian renaissance, in Renaissance and
Renewal in Christian History, ed. D. Baker (1977), pp. 5169; rptd
in J. Nelson, Politics and Ritual in Early Medieval Europe (1986),
pp. 4967
Charlemagnes church, in Charlemagne: Empire and Society, ed. J.
Story (2005), pp. 10335
Monasticism and the power of prayer, in The New Cambridge
Medieval History. Volume II: c. 700c. 900, ed. R. McKitterick
(1995), pp. 62253
The Frankish Church and the Carolingian Reforms, 789895 (1977)

24

The Early Middle Ages

Sources:

Collected sources,
Annals of St-Bertin
Annals of Fulda

Introductions:
S. Brink (ed.),
S. Coupland,

J. Haywood,
K. Helle (ed.),
P. Sawyer (ed.),

Raiding and reaction:

S. Coupland,
S. Coupland,
S. Coupland,
G. Halsall,
N. Lund,
P. Sawyer,
J. Wallace-Hadrill,

THE VIKINGS
trans. A. Somerville and R. McDonald, The Viking Age: A Reader
(2010)
trans. J. Nelson, The Annals of St-Bertin (1991)
trans. T. Reuter, The Annals of Fulda (1992)
The Viking World (2009)
The Vikings in Francia and Anglo-Saxon Englaand to 911, in The
New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume II: c. 700 c. 900, ed.
R. McKitterick (1995), pp. 190201
The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Vikings (1995)
The Cambridge History of Scandinavia. Volume I: Prehistory to 1520
(2003) [Part II]
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings (1997)
The rod of Gods wrath or the people of Gods wrath? The
Carolingian theology of the Viking invasions, Journal of
Ecclesiastical History 42 (1991), 53554
From poachers to gamekeepers: Scandinavian warlords and
Carolingian kings, Early Medieval Europe 7 (1998), 85114
The Frankish tribute payments to the Vikings and their
consequences, Francia 26 (1999), 5775
Playing by whose rules? A further look at Viking atrocity in the
ninth century, Medieval History 2 (1992), 312
Allies of God or man? The Viking expansion in European
perspective, Viator 20 (1989), 4559
Kings and Vikings (1982)
The Vikings in Francia, in his Early Medieval History (1976), pp.
21736

25

The Early Middle Ages

EARLY MEDIEVAL KINGSHIP

J. Burns (ed.),
D. Canndine and S. Price
(eds.),
A. Duggan,
M. McCormick,
J. Nelson,
J. Nelson,
P. Sawyer and I. Wood (eds.),
W. Ullmann,
J. Wallace-Hadrill,

The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought (1988)

Rituals and Royal: Power and Ceremonial in Traditional Societies
(1987)
Kings and Kingship in Medieval Europe (1993)
Eternal Victory: Triumphal Rulership in Late Antiquity, Byzantium
and the Early Medieval West (1986)
Kingship and empire, in Carolingian Culture: Emulation and
Innovation, ed. R. McKitterick (1994), pp. 5287
Kingship and royal government, in The New Cambridge Medieval
History. Volume II: c. 700c. 900, ed. R. McKitterick (1995), pp.
383430
Early Medieval Kingship (1977)
The Carolingian Renaissance and the Idea of Kingship (1971)
Early Germanic Kingship in England and on the Continent (1971)

EARLY MEDIEVAL QUEENSHIP

A. Duggan,
T. Earenfight,
L. Garland,
K. Holum,
L. James,
S. MacLean,
J. Nelson,

Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe (1996)

Queenship in Medieval Europe (2013)
Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium, AD 527 to
1204 (1999)
Theodosian Empresses: Women and Imperial Dominion in Late
Antiquity (1982)
Empresses and Power in Early Byzantium (2001)
Queenship, nunneries and royal widowhood in Carolingian Europe,
Past and Present 178 (2003), 338
Queens as Jezebels: the careers of Brunhild and Balthild in
Merovingian history, in Medieval Women, ed. D. Baker (1978), pp.
3177

26

The Early Middle Ages

LAW AND LEGISLATION

W. Davies and P. Fouracre
(eds.),
W. Davies and P. Fouracre
(eds.),
J. Harries,
J. Harries and I. Wood (eds.),
R. McKitterick,
R. McKitterick,
L. Oliver,
A. Rio,
A. Rio (ed.),
P. Wormald,

The Settlement of Disputes in Early Medieval Europe (1986)

Property and Power in the Early Middle Ages (1995)
Law and Empire in Late Antiquity (1999)
The Theodosian Code (1993)
The Carolingians and the Written Word (1989) [ch. 2]
The Uses of Literacy in Early Medieval Europe (1990)
The Body Legal in Barbarian Law (2011)
Legal Practice and the Written Word in the Middle Ages: Frankish
Formulae, c. 5001000 (2009)
Law, Custom and Justice in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages
(2011)
Legal Culture in the Early Medieval West (1999)

27

The Early Middle Ages

TOWNS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

G. Brogiolo and B. WardPerkins,
N. Christie and S. Loseby
(eds.),
G. Brogiolo, N. Gauthier and
N. Christie,
P. Grierson and M. Blackburn
(eds.),
H. Haamerow,
R. Hodges,
R. Hodges and B. Hobley
(eds.),
C. Loveluck,
M. McCormick,
T. Pestell and
K. Ulmschneider,
J. Rich (ed.),
P. Sarris and J. Banaji (eds.),
A. Verhulst,
A. Verhulst,
A. Verhulst,
C. Wickham,
C. Wickham,

The Idea and Ideal of the Town between Late Antiquity and the Early
Middle Ages (1999)
Towns in Transition: Urban Evolution in Late Antiquity and the Early
Middle Ages (1996)
Towns and their Territories between Late Antiquity and the Early
Middle Ages (2000)
Medieval European Coinage 1: The Early Middle Ages (5th10th
Centuries (1986)
Early Medieval Settlements: The Archaeology of Rural Communities
in North-West Europe, 400900 (2003)
Dark Age Economics: The Origins of Towns and Trade AD 6001000
(2nd ed., 1989)
The Rebirth of Towns in the West (1988)
Northwest Europe in the Early Middle Ages, c. AD 6001150: A
Comparative Archaeology (2013)
The Origins of the European Economy: Communications and
Commerce, AD 300900 (1999)
Markets in Early Medieval Europe (2003)
The City in Late Antiquity (1992)
Aristocrats, Peasants and the Transformation of Rural Society, c.
400800: special issue of Journal of Agrarian Change 9 (2009)
Economic organisation, in The New Cambridge Medieval History.
Volume II: c. 700c. 900, ed. R. McKitterick (1995), pp. 481509
The Rise of Cities in North-West Europe (1999)
The Carolingian Economy (2002)
The other transition: from the ancient world to feudalism, Past and
Present 103 (1984), 336
Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean,
400800 (Oxford, 2005)

28

The Early Middle Ages

MEN AND WOMEN

IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES
Sources:

Collected sources,
Collected sources,

Dhuoda, Liber manualis,

Reading:

D. Baker (ed.),
L. Bitel,
J. Boswell,
L. Brubaker and J. Smith,
S. Cavallo and L. Warner
(eds.),
D. Hadley (ed.),
J. Goody,
J. Smith,
P. Stafford and A. MulderBakker (eds.),
S. Wemple and J. Kirschner
(eds.),

trans. M. Thibaux, The Writings of Mediaeval Women (1987)

trans. M. Maas, Readings in Late Antiquity: A Sourcebook (2000)
[chs. 7 and 8]

trans. C. Neel, Dhuoda: Handbook for William. A Carolingian

Womans Counsel for her Son (1991)

Medieval Women (1978)

Women in Early Medieval Europe, 4001000 (2002)
Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality in the Early
Middle Ages (1980)
Gender in the Early Medieval World: East and West, 300900 (2004)
Widowhood in Medieval and Early Modern Europe (1999) [articles by
Crick and Skinner]

Masculinity in Medieval Europe (1999)

The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe (1983)
Men and women, in Europe after Rome: A New Cultural History of
Europe, 5001000 (2005), pp. 11547
Gendering the Middle Ages (2000)
Women in the Mediaeval World (1987)

29

The Early Middle Ages

THE CHURCH
General:
P. Brown,

J. Herrin,
R. Markus,

Rome and the papacy:

Liber pontificalis,

C. Bolgia, R. McKitterick and

J. Osborne (eds.),
K. Cooper and J. Hillner (eds.),
R. Krautheimer,
C. La Rocca (ed.),
R. Markus,
R. McKitterick et al (eds.),
T. Noble,
J. Richards,
J. Smith (ed.),

Missionary activity:
M. Carver,
J.-H. Clay,
F. Dvornik,
R. Fletcher,
J. Palmer,
I. Wood,

The cult of saints:

R. Bartlett,

P. Brown,
M. Dal Santo,
P. Fouracre,
J. Howard-Johnston and
P. Hayward (eds.),

The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, AD 200

1000 (2nd ed., 2003)
The Formation of Christendom (1987)
The End of Ancient Christianity (1990)
trans. R. Davis, The Book of the Pontiffs (Liber pontificalis): The
Ancient Biographies of the First Ninety Popes to AD 715 (2010);
The Lives of the Eighth-Century Popes (Liber pontificalis): The
Ancient Biographies of Nine Popes from AD 715 to 817 (1992); The
Lives of the Ninth-Century Popes (Liber pontificalis): The Ancient
Biographies of Ten Popes from AD 817891 (1995)
Rome across Time and Space, c. 500c. 1400: Cultural Transmission
and the Exchange of Ideas (2011)
Religion, Dynasty and Patronage in Early Christian Rome, 300900
(2007)
Rome: Profile of a City, 3121308 (1982)
Italy in the Early Middle Ages, 4761000 (2002) [ch. 5]
Gregory the Great and his World (1997)
Old St Peters, Rome (2013)
The Republic of St Peter: The Birth of the Papal State (1984)
The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages, 476752 (1979)
Early Medieval Rome and the Christian West (2000)
The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe,
AD 3001300 (2003)
In the Shadow of Death: Saint Boniface and the Conversion of
Hessia, 72154 (2010)
Byzantine Missions among the Slavs: SS Constantine-Cyril and
Methodius (1970)
The Conversion of Europe: From Paganism to Christianity, 371
1386 (1997)
Anglo-Saxons in a Frankish World, 690900 (2009)
The Missionary Life: Saints and the Evangelisation of Europe, 400
1050 (2001)
Why Can the Dead do Such Great Things? Saints and Worshippers
from the Martyrs to the Reformation (2013)
The Cult of the Saints (1981)
Debating the Saints Cult in the Age of Gregory the Great (2012)
Merovingian history and Merovingian hagiography, Past and
Present 127 (1990), 338
The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages (1999)

30