St. Joseph College of Novaliches, Inc.: Con Congressional Road, Rainbow Village 5, Caloocan City

ST.
JOSEPH COLLEGE OF
NOVALICHES, INC.
Con
Congressional Road, Rainbow Village 5, Caloocan City
The Effectivity of an Improvised Oil Purification in Purifying used

Cooking Oil
An Investigatory Proposal
Presented to
Ms. Claire Rejuso

Earth Science Teacher
In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirement for the Subject
EARTH SCIENCE
THE BRAIN DRAIN

Placides
Claro
Gundran
Pondoc
Sabasa
San Juan
ST. JOSEPH COLLEGE OF

NOVALICHES, INC.
Con
September 2016
ABSTRACT
Cooking oil is a synthetic fat used in cooking, food preparation, and
flavoring and it also has a wide variety. It is a commonly used food product by
the consumers in our country, especially in households. A large amount of it is
used, kept aside, and reused on an everyday basis. However, using used cooking
oil may cause severe health risks to its consumers. Despite this fact, consumers,
especially in our country, still continue to do it. And to lessen the negative
effects, some consumers has found several methods to somehow purify the used
cooking oil, although some of these methods effectivity are unproven. Thus, the
researchers has conducted a study on the effectivity of an the effectivity of an
improvised oil purification in purifying used cooking oil.
The researchers used: a strainer, used cooking oil, a coffee filter, some
ginger slices, and a storage jar as the materials for this study. The steps of the
procedure are the following: first, the used cooking oil is strained to remove any

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coarse food particles; second, heat the oil to a temperature of 170-200 F and
put in the ginger slices. Turn off the heat after 2-3 minutes and let the oil cool
naturally without removing the ginger slices; third, when the oil cools down,
filter the oil to remove the remaining small particles; and lastly, put the filtered
oil in storage jars and store in room temperature.
In conducting the study, the researchers has found that the improvised
purification removes the pungent smell and taste on used cooking oil. It gives
the used cooking oil a clear yellow color and during the process of purification
the small particles were removed, giving it a visual similar to that of an unused
one.
As a conclusion, the researchers' study was successful. The improvised
oil purification was proven to be effective but an unused cooking oil is still
more efficient. As for its benefits, the purified cooking oil can be used to lessen
the expenses of the daily consumers, to lessen the consumers' need to buy more
cooking oil, and as an precaution in the event of a scarcity of this food product.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to extend our gratitude to all the people who have helped
and became a big part in the study.
First of all, we would like to thank and give all glory to God for giving us
strength and courage in this study.
To all of our families, for giving us encouragement and financial support
in making this study.
To Ms. Claire Rejuso for guiding and also for supporting our ideas for the
elaboration of this study.

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To Mr. Reynaldo Molano, our beloved Senior High Department head, for
approving our study, and giving opinions to make our study more interesting
and significant.
To Ms. Wilcie Joy Fernandez, our science coordinator, for sharing her
thoughts, and also for giving ideas and her assistance for our title.
And to all teachers who give us ideas and opinions about this study, and
giving encouragement that we can successfully finish this study.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. Introduction of the Study
Background of the Study

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Statement of the Problem

Hypothesis
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitation
Definition of Terms
CHAPTER 2. Review of Related Literature and Studies
Local Literature
Foreign Literature
Local Studies
Foreign Studies
CHAPTER 3. Methodology
Materials
Procedure
CHAPTER 4. Results and Discussion
Findings

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Analysis of Data
CHAPTER 5. Conclusion
RECOMMENDATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

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Cooking oil is a synthetic fat that is used, not only in most types of
cooking, but also in food preparation and flavoring. It has a wide variety from
plant sources, such as olive oil, palm oil, coconut oil, and other vegetable oils,
as well as animal-based oils, such as butter and lard.
It is a commonly consumed food product in our country, especially in
households located in urban areas. A large amount of cooking oil is being used
every day. Some people keep their used cooking oil aside, only to reuse it again
for a few more times. However, consuming used cooking oil can cause health
risks, such as food poisoning, cancer, and heart diseases.
Thus, the researchers will conduct a study on the effectivity of an
improvised oil purification in purifying used cooking oil, along with its benefits
to daily consumers.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

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The study aims to determine the The Effectivity of an Improvised Oil

Purification in Purifying used Cooking Oil
Specifically, it seeks answers to the following questions:
1. How effective is the purified cooking oil?
2. What are its benefits to a consumer?
3. Is the purified cooking oil more efficient than an unused cooking oil?

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HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY
Alternative Hypothesis
1. The used cooking oil will be purified and effectively used after the
procedure.
2. The purified cooking oil will be more effective than the unused cooking
oil.
Null Hypothesis
1. The cooking oil will become rancid after the purification process and
therefore, cannot be used.
2. The purifier will not be effective in purifying the used cooking oil.

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SIGNIFANCE OF THE STUDY

This investigatory project is important in order to raise awareness to the
daily consumers in our country of the positive and negative effects of using
purified cooking oil. It is also to further widen their knowledge on its benefits.
This project will also be a proof if the researchers' improvised oil purification is
effective or not.

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SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study will include and will be limited only in determining the
effectivity of an improvised oil purification, its benefits, and the comparison of
the purified cooking oil with an unused cooking oil. The kind of cooking oil to
be used in this study will specifically be palm oil. The main material used to
purify the used cooking oil is ginger slices.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS
Purification - is the process of rendering something pure.
Improvised - created and performed spontaneously or without
preparation.
Synthetic - he combination of two or more parts, whether by design or by
natural processes. Furthermore, it may imply being prepared or made
artificially, in contrast to naturally.
Lard - is pig fat in both its rendered and unrendered forms. It is obtained
from any part of the pig where there is a high proportion of adipose
tissue.
Urban - of or relating to cities and the people who live in them

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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW RELATED OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter deals with the Related Literature and Studies. Both
Local and Foreign strengthens the Conceptual Framework of the Study.
LOCAL LITERATURE
According to Collier's Encyclopedia (1980), purification can be done in
several ways. An example is fractional distillation. It makes use of the boiling
points of fatty acids with different molecular weight. A noncorrosive apparatus
is used in this process to induce distillation at as low temperature as possible.
According to Muamat (2016), there is a machine that can be specially
used for purifying cooking oil completely and effectively. It is suitable for food
factories, cooking factories, and vegetable oil factories.

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FOREIGN LITERATURE
According to G. Hoffman, The Chemistry and Technology of Edible Oils
and Fats and their High Fat Products, Academic Press, Inc. (1989), even during
its production, cooking oils undergo a complex process of purification. There
are different methods involved like screening, and the use of aspirators and
magnets.
According to Oil and Fats in the Diet (2009), it is not advised to reuse
vegetables oils. Even after the process of purification, it will still easily become
rancid and may develop off-flavors.
LOCAL STUDIES
According to Regina Tolentino (January 2014),ginger can be used for the
purification process. Ginger can improve the quality of food processing or
purification without reducing its nutritious value. It has ions that is used to
breakdown peptide bonds of proteins, which are used for purification processes.
According to Shane Chan (March 2014), the sedimentation method can
be used to purify used cooking oil. The materials used in this process are clay
soil and activated charcoal. Clay soil absorbs and retains components and
substances and is used to absorb the small unwanted particles. Activated
charcoal is used to trap the chemicals in the used cooking oil.
FOREIGN STUDIES

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According to Sidharth Thakur (March 2011), to effectively purify the

used cooking oil, it has to be strained and boiled to about 170-200 Fahrenheit.
Then ginger is added to the boiling oil.
According to Recycled Cooking Oils: Assessment of Risks for Public
Health (September 2000), all risks involved in the process of purification should
be analyzed to ensure quality and safety. The fatty waste generated after the
process of purification should be disposed of in a proper manner.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
MATERIALS
Strainer
Used cooking oil
Coffee filter
Ginger slices
Storage Jar

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PROCEDURE
1. The used cooking oil is strained to remove any coarse food particles.
2. Heat the oil to a temperature of 170-200 F and put in the ginger slices.
The ginger slices will remove the foul odor and taste of the used oil. Turn
off the heat after 2-3 minutes and let the oil cool naturally without
removing the ginger slices.
3. When the oil cools down, filter the oil to remove the remaining small
particles.
4. Put the filtered oil in storage jars and store in room temperature.
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
FINDINGS
Used cooking oil
Purified cooking oil

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Pungent smell from the

Odor food that was previously
Odorless
cooked
Color
Dark yellow
Clear yellow
Small, coarse particles

None
Food particles
from the food that was

previously cooked
Effectivity
Effective but leaves a
Effective and is similar
pungent smell and taste
to how an unused oil
on the food
works
ANALYSIS
As indicated in the table, the first row shows the odor of the two kinds of
cooking oil. The odor of the used cooking oil is pungent and then after the
purification, it became odorless. The second row shows the color. The used

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cooking oil is dark yellow because of it is reused, but after the purification the
color of the used cooking oil became clear yellow. The third row shows the food
particles that may be found in the oil. The used cooking oil has many small,
coarse particles that came from the food that was previously cooked and then
after the purification, all of the particles were filtered out. The fourth row is the
effectivity. In the used cooking oil, it is effective but it leaves a pungent smell
and taste on the food that was cooked in it so if you use it , the dish that you
cook will taste like your previous dish. But in using the purified cooking, it is
very effective and it is similar to how an unused oil works.
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION

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The research reported in this investigatory project revealed that the

participants in the experimental condition proved that ginger can be used as an
oil purifier. The researchers have come to the conclusion that the purification is
considered to be highly effective. However, there are still things to be
considered, like the flavor of the ginger, because it can affect the taste of the
food it is mixed with.

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RECOMMENDATIONS
The researchers would recommend using an improvised purification

process. It is easy to do and is beneficial to daily consumers. It can help lessen
the expenses of the daily consumers. It can be used as a precaution in the event
of a scarcity of this food product. It also helps lessen the amount of daily
consumption. This process, if done correctly, can be used to avoid the
possibility of obtaining health risks from consuming used cooking oil.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://prezi.com/m/muom5doqptru/ginger-as-used-cooking-oilpurifier/
http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?
az=view_all&address=236x84747
https://importcommoditydotcom.wordpress.com/2015/01/11/coo
king-oil-purification/
http://preventanutrition.com/wp/?p=158
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooking_oil
https://prezi.com/m/of6_zpwquyvy/investigatory-project/
http://www.studymode.com/essays/Purifying-Used-Cooking-
Oil-1079263.html
https://prezi.com/m/hzwdn0f2yz3n/sedimentation-method-usedin-purifying-used-cooking-oil/
http://www.brighthub.com/environment/greenliving/articles/112550.aspx

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Congressional Road, Rainbow Village 5, Caloocan City

The Effectivity of an Improvised Oil Purification in Purifying used

Ms. Claire Rejuso

In Partial Fulfillment of the

THE BRAIN DRAIN