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Training objectives
Material - 300 W Classic Series
Safety
Universal motor
Wiring and starting
Rotation reversal
Load characteristics
Capacitor motor
Wiring and starting
Rotation reversal
Load characteristics
Copyright
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Training content
Motor operation
Nominal data, rating plate
Universal motors
Single-phase motors with a bifilar winding
Capacitor motors
Measurement of electrical variables
Rotation reversal
Power measurement with and without mechanical loads
Prerequisites
SO3636-6V
SE2662-2A
SE2662-7B
SE2672-3E
SE2672-3N
SE2672-3P
SO3212-1W
SO3212-5U
SO5127-1Z
SO5148-1F
SO5126-9X
SO5126-9Z
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In all experiments using mains voltages high, life-threatening voltages arise. For that
reason use only safety measurement leads and make sure that there are no shortcircuits.
It is imperative that all of the devices, which are provided with an earth or where
earthing is possible, must be earthed. This is particularly the case for the frequency
converter being used.
Always be very careful to check the wiring of the application modules and only
switch on the mains voltage after a check has been completed. Whenever possible
use a robust current monitoring instrument in the circuit.
Always use shaft-end guards and coupling guards as protection against contact with
rotating motor parts
All locally applicable stipulations and standards governing how electrical equipment
is handled must be complied with.
Check that the knurled screws at the base of the motor and the coupling
sleeves (power grip) on the motor shaft are all securely fastened.
Use shaft and coupling guards.
Any prolonged running of the machines when operating under high loads can
subject the machines to excessive heating.
The extreme case of the machine being prevented from rotating entirely may
only arise briefly.
All of the machines are equipped with a thermal circuit-breaker, which triggers
when the maximum permissible operating temperature is exceeded. These
switching contacts are accessible on the terminal board and must always be
connected to the corresponding connection sockets of the mains supply and
control unit.
All measurements have been recorded using conventional measuring
instruments (primarily class 1.5) at the standard mains voltage (230/400V +5%
-10% 50Hz) using standard production machines. Experience suggests that
measurements will lie within the tolerance range of +/-15% with respect to the
specified measurement. For more information on this please refer to
VDE0530.
Universal motor
The next few pages include the following exercises to be performed using
a universal motor:
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation.
Power up the universal motor using a DC voltage and record its load
characteristic
Required settings:
Put the motor into operation and observe its operating response.
Apply the brake to make the motor run at the speeds listed in the table.
Measure the motor current and torque in each case.
3500
3250
3000
2750
2500
2250
2000
10
1.50
I/A
M/Nm
M/Nm
3.0
1.25
2.5
1.00
2.0
0.75
1.5
0.50
1.0
0.25
0.5
0.00
0.0
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3250
3500
n/(1/min)
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12
3500
3250
3000
2750
2500
2250
2000
1.50
I/A
M/Nm
M/Nm
3.0
1.25
2.5
1.00
2.0
0.75
1.5
0.50
1.0
0.25
0.5
0.00
0.0
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3250
3500
n/(1/min)
What can be said about the load characteristics (AC & DC)?
The motor current with a DC supply is much higher than
with AC.
The maximum motor torque with an AC supply is much
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Required settings:
Brake:
PC mode
Experiment procedure:
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Direction of rotation
If you look at the drive shaft end of the DC shunt-wound machine from the
perspective of the working machine (in our case the brake), the rotating direction is
positive when it is clockwise. If the motor has two workable shaft ends, then it is the
shaft end opposite the cooling vents, collector or slip-rings that is the shaft end
which defines the rotation direction.
Assemble the circuit as specified in the following circuit diagram and setup instructions.
Switch on the brake. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation.
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18
Rotation reversal
Required settings:
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The brake must already be in operation, otherwise the motor might start to run
away with no load.
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Switch off the motor and modify the circuit as shown in the diagram below.
Start the motor again and observe its response.
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Assemble the circuit as specified in the following circuit diagram and setup instructions
Switch the brake on. This does not yet subject the motor to any load
More detailed information on the brake and the software used can be found in the
corresponding online documentation
Note: after every measurement, switch off the motor before deactivating the
brake.
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Brake:
Industrial series: PC mode
The settings shown below should be made in the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo
software:
Load machine: Pump/fan
Load constant: Refer to experiment procedure.
Settings in "Load simulation" mode:
Under "View" => "Measurement Value Display", select all mechanical
and electrical variables except for slip.
Under "Settings" => "Default" => "Circuit", select the "Single-phase"
option.
Experiment procedure:
Start the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo software and open the file you saved as
"eem3_LoadCharacteristic_1" in the "Connection and starting" experiment).
Make the necessary settings.
The following parameter is to be measured and recorded:
Torque M
(n)
Set a starting value for the load constant "I" to "4" (-3E) resp. "6" (-5E)
Now put the motor into operation
Start the measurement and slowly increase the load constant "I" until the
motor current shown in the parameter dialog approximately reaches the 0.9
times (-3E) or 0.75 times (-5E) of the motor's nominal current and then store
this first "operating point"
Now increase the load constant up to the nominal current of the motor and
wait a moment and then store this second operating point
When the measurement is complete, export the resulting graph and copy it
into the placeholder shown below.
Save your settings in a file named "eem3_PumpFan_1".
More information on the definitions for the pump/fan load machine and load
constant I can be found in the online documentation for the ActiveDrive /
ActiveServo software.
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Brake:
Industrial series: PC mode
The settings shown below should be made in the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo
software:
Load machine: Lifting drive
Load torque: Refer to experiment procedure.
Software settings in "Load simulation" mode:
Under "View" => "Measurement Value Display", select all mechanical
and electrical variables except for slip.
Under "Settings" => "Default" => "Circuit", select the "Single-phase"
option.
Start the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo software and open the file you saved as
"eem3_LoadCharacteristic_1" in the "Connection and starting" experiment.
Make the necessary settings.
The following parameter is to be measured and recorded:
Torque M
(n)
Set a starting value for the load torque to "0.35" Nm (-3E) resp. "1.2" Nm (-5E)
Now put the motor into operation
Start the measurement while slowly increasing the load torque "M" until the
motor current shown in the parameter dialog corresponds to approx. 0.8 times
the nominal current of the motor and store this first "operating point"
Increase the load constant up to the nominal current of the motor is reached
then wait a moment and then also store this second operating point
When the measurement is complete, export the resulting graph and copy it
into the placeholder below.
Save your settings in a file named "eem3_LiftingDrive_1"
More information on the definitions for the lifting drive load machine and the load
torque can be found in the (online) documentation for the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo
software.
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What can be said about the load characteristics obtained for both load
machines?
The motor current at operating point 1 rises by a factor
of 1.5 compared with operating point 2. The same
applies to the mechanical power P2.
The mechanical power P2 at operating point 2 is lower
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Note: never operate this single-phase AC motor without the bifilar starter winding,
otherwise the motor will get damaged.
____V
IN
____A
cos
____
Speed
____rpm
Frequency
____Hz
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation.
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3000
2950
2900
2850
2800
2750
M/Nm
2.50
I/A
M/Nm
5.0
2.25
4.5
2.00
4.0
1.75
3.5
1.50
3.0
1.25
2.5
1.00
2.0
0.75
1.5
0.50
1.0
0.25
0.5
0.00
0.0
2750
2800
2850
2900
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2950
3000
n/(1/min)
Brake:
PC mode
Experiment procedure:
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40
Direction of rotation
If you look at the drive shaft end of the DC shunt-wound machine from the
perspective of the working machine (in our case the brake), the rotating direction is
positive when it is clockwise. If the motor has two workable shaft ends, then it is the
shaft end opposite the cooling vents, collector or slip-rings that is the shaft end
which defines the rotation direction.
Assemble the circuit as specified in the following circuit diagram and setup instructions.
Switch on the brake. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation.
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42
Rotation reversal
Experiment procedure:
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Switch off the motor and modify the circuit as shown in the diagram below.
Start the motor again and observe it.
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45
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Assemble the circuit as specified in the following circuit diagram and setup instructions
Switch the brake on too. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.
More detailed information on the brake and the software used can be found in the
corresponding online documentation.
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48
49
Brake:
PC mode
The settings shown below should be made in the software:
Load machine: Pump/fan
Load constant: Refer to experiment procedure.
Under "View" => "Measurement Value Display", select all mechanical
and electrical variables except for slip.
Under "Settings" => "Default" => "Circuit", select the "Single-phase"
option.
Experiment procedure:
Start the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo software and open the file you saved as
"eem3_LoadCharacteristic_2" in the "Connection and starting" experiment).
Make the necessary settings.
The following parameter is to be measured and recorded:
Torque M
(n)
Start the measurement while slowly increasing the load constant "I" until the
motor current shown in the parameter dialog window approximately
corresponds to 0.75 times the motor's nominal current and then store this first
"operating point"
Now increase the load constant up to approx. the nominal current of the motor
and then wait a moment and then also store this second operating point
When the measurement is complete, export the resulting graph and copy it
into the placeholder shown below.
Save your settings in a file named "eem3_PumpFan_2"
More information on the definitions for the pump/fan load machine and load
constant I can be found in the online documentation for the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo
software.
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Brake:
PC mode
The settings shown below should be made in the software:
Load machine: Lifting drive
Load torque: Refer to experiment procedure.
Under "View" => "Measurement Value Display", select all mechanical
and electrical variables except for slip.
Under "Settings" => "Default" => "Circuit", select the "Single-phase"
option.
Start the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo software and open the file you saved as
"eem3_LoadCharacteristic_1" in the "Connection and starting" experiment.
Make the necessary settings.
The following parameter is to be measured and recorded:
Torque M
(n)
Start the measurement while slowly increasing the load torque "M" until the
motor current shown in the parameter dialog window corresponds
approximately with 0.75 times the nominal motor current and then store this
first "operating point"
Now increase the load torque up to the nominal motor current and then wait a
moment and then also store this second operating point
When the measurement is complete, export the resulting graph and copy it
into the placeholder below.
Save your settings in a file named "eem3_LiftingDrive_2"
More information on the definitions for the lifting drive load machine and the
load torque can be found in the (online) documentation for the
ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software.
Placeholder for lifting drive load characteristic 2
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What can be said about the load characteristics obtained for the two load
machines?
The motor current at operating point 2 is higher by a
factor of 1.5 as compared to operating point 1.
The mechanical power at operating point 2 is lower than
at operating point 1.
The mechanical power at operating point 2 is higher
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Capacitor motor
The next few pages include the following exercises to be performed using
a capacitor motor:
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56
____W
UN
____V
IN
____A
cos
____
Speed
____rpm
Frequency
____Hz
Starting capacitor
____F
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation.
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58
59
Experiment procedure:
2900 2800
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
60
2.50
I/A
M/Nm
M/Nm
5.0
2.25
4.5
2.00
4.0
1.75
3.5
1.50
3.0
1.25
2.5
1.00
2.0
0.75
1.5
0.50
1.0
0.25
0.5
0.00
0.0
2760
2780
2800
2820
2840
2860
2880
2900
n/(1/min)
braking
Brake:
PC Mode
Experiment procedure:
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62
Direction of rotation
If you look at the drive shaft end of the DC shunt-wound machine from the
perspective of the working machine (in our case the brake), the rotating direction is
positive when it is clockwise. If the motor has two workable shaft ends, then it is the
shaft end opposite the cooling vents, collector or slip-rings that is the shaft end
which defines the rotation direction.
Assemble the circuit as specified in the following circuit diagram and setup instructions.
Switch on the brake. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.
More information on the brake can be found in the related (online) documentation.
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64
Rotation reversal
Required settings:
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Switch off the motor and modify the circuit as shown in the diagram below.
Start the motor again and observe it.
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Assemble the circuit as specified in the following circuit diagram and setup instructions
Switch the brake on too. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.
More detailed information on the brake and the software used can be found in the
corresponding online documentation
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70
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Brake:
PC mode
The settings shown below should be made in both the ActiveDrive and
ActiveServo software:
Load machine: Pump/fan
Load moment: Refer to experiment procedure
Under "View" => "Measurement Value Display", select all mechanical
and electrical variables except for slip.
Under "Settings" => "Default" => "Circuit", select the "Single-phase"
option.
Start the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo software and open the file you saved as
"eem3_LoadCharacteristic_3" in the "Connection and starting" experiment.
Make the necessary settings.
The following parameter is to be measured and recorded:
Torque M
(n)
Commence the measurement; slowly increase the load constant I until the
motor current indicated in the parameter dialog is approximately equal to the
nominal value and save this first operating point.
Increase the load constant to roughly 1.5 times the nominal motor current, wait
briefly and save this second operating point.
When the measurement is complete, export the resulting graph and copy it
into the placeholder shown below.
Save your settings in a file named "eem3_PumpFan_3".
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74
Brake:
PC mode
The settings shown below should be made in both the ActiveDrive
and ActiveServo software:
Load machine: Lifting drive
Load moment: Refer to experiment procedure.
Under "View" => "Measurement Value Display", select all mechanical
and electrical variables except for slip.
Under "Settings" => "Default" => "Circuit", select the "Single-phase"
option.
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Start the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo software and open the file you saved as
"eem3_LoadCharacteristic_3" in the "Connection and starting" experiment.
Make the necessary settings.
The following parameter is to be measured and recorded:
Torque M
(n)
First put the motor into operation with the starting capacitor.
Commence the measurement; slowly increase the load moment M until the
motor current indicated in the parameter dialog is approximately equal to the
nominal value and save this first operating point.
Increase the load constant to roughly 1.5 times the nominal motor current, wait
briefly and save this second operating point.
When the measurement is complete, export the resulting graph and copy it
into the placeholder below.
Save your settings in a file named "eem3_LiftingDrive_3"
Reduce the load torque back to the value at the first operating point and switch
the motor off.
Remove the connection between F3 and CA.
Now put the motor into operation without the starting capacitor and observe its
response.
More information on the definitions for the lifting drive load machine and the load
moment can be found in the (online) documentation for the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo
software.
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How does a motor without a starting capacitor respond when started up?
The response is very delayed.
The motor does not respond at all.
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What can be said about the load characteristics obtained for the two load
machines?
The motor current and mechanical power P2 increase
proportionally with the load.
The speed at operating point 2 drops sharply.
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Congratulations!
This is the last page. You have completed the course "EEM 3 Industrial
AC motors".
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