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Course

"EEM 3 Industrial AC motors"

Picture source: Melegari Motori

SH5002-1P Version 2.1


Author: M.Germeroth
Lucas-Nlle GmbH Siemensstrae 2 D-50170 Kerpen (Sindorf)
Tel.: +49 2273 567-0
www.lucas-nuelle.de
Some animations require a Flash-Player. If this player has not been installed on your system, you can download
the latest version from Macromedia.

Copyright 2008 LUCAS-NLLE GmbH.


All rights reserved.

LUCAS-NLLE Lehr- und Messgerte GmbH


Siemensstrae 2 D-50170 Kerpen

EEM3 Industrial AC motors

Training objectives
Material - 300 W Classic Series
Safety
Universal motor
Wiring and starting
Rotation reversal
Load characteristics

Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding


Wiring and starting
Rotation reversal
Load characteristics

Capacitor motor
Wiring and starting
Rotation reversal
Load characteristics

Copyright

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EEM3 Industrial AC motors

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Training objectives

Welcome to the Industrial AC motors course. The LUCAS-NLLE


team wishes you lots of fun and success in working through the course
subjects and conducting the experiments. The following pages provide an
overview of the topics and required materials.
This course is intended to impart a practical knowledge of industrial AC motors.
Experiments focus on investigating their functionality, response and effects.

Training content

Motor operation
Nominal data, rating plate
Universal motors
Single-phase motors with a bifilar winding
Capacitor motors
Measurement of electrical variables
Rotation reversal
Power measurement with and without mechanical loads

Prerequisites

Basic knowledge of electrical machines


Basic knowledge of electrical engineering
Knowledge of using measuring instruments

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Material - 300 W Classic Series

Experiment arrangement (here the capacitor motor is depicted)

SO3636-6V
SE2662-2A
SE2662-7B
SE2672-3E
SE2672-3N
SE2672-3P
SO3212-1W
SO3212-5U
SO5127-1Z
SO5148-1F
SO5126-9X
SO5126-9Z

servo brake, 300 W


Coupling sleeve, 300 W
Coupling guard, 300 W
Universal motor
Single-phase motor with auxiliary resistance
winding
Single-phase motor with starting and
operating capacitors
On/off switch, 4-pole
Power supply for electrical machines
Analog/digital multimeter, wattmeter and
power factor meter
Set of 47 safety connection leads, 4 mm
Safety connection plug, 19/4 mm
Safety connection plug, 19/4 mm, with tap

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
15
5

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Safety
Basic safety instructions

In all experiments using mains voltages high, life-threatening voltages arise. For that
reason use only safety measurement leads and make sure that there are no shortcircuits.

It is imperative that all of the devices, which are provided with an earth or where
earthing is possible, must be earthed. This is particularly the case for the frequency
converter being used.

Always be very careful to check the wiring of the application modules and only
switch on the mains voltage after a check has been completed. Whenever possible
use a robust current monitoring instrument in the circuit.

Always use shaft-end guards and coupling guards as protection against contact with
rotating motor parts

All locally applicable stipulations and standards governing how electrical equipment
is handled must be complied with.

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Safety
General instructions on handling the equipment

Check that the knurled screws at the base of the motor and the coupling
sleeves (power grip) on the motor shaft are all securely fastened.
Use shaft and coupling guards.
Any prolonged running of the machines when operating under high loads can
subject the machines to excessive heating.
The extreme case of the machine being prevented from rotating entirely may
only arise briefly.
All of the machines are equipped with a thermal circuit-breaker, which triggers
when the maximum permissible operating temperature is exceeded. These
switching contacts are accessible on the terminal board and must always be
connected to the corresponding connection sockets of the mains supply and
control unit.
All measurements have been recorded using conventional measuring
instruments (primarily class 1.5) at the standard mains voltage (230/400V +5%
-10% 50Hz) using standard production machines. Experience suggests that
measurements will lie within the tolerance range of +/-15% with respect to the
specified measurement. For more information on this please refer to
VDE0530.

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Universal motor
The next few pages include the following exercises to be performed using
a universal motor:

Connection and starting


Rotation reversal
Load characteristic

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Training content: "Connection and starting

Identify the terminal connections of the motor


Read the nominal data of the motor based on the rating plate
Measure motor voltage and current
Operate the motor with direct current and alternating current
Operate the motor with the brake
Subject the motor to a load

Enter the nominal data of the universal motor


Nominal power AC ____W
UNominal DC
____V
UNominal AC
____V
____A
INominal DC
INominal AC
____A
Speed
min-1
____Hz
Frequency (AC)

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Assembly instructions: Connection and starting

Assemble the circuits as specified in the following circuit diagram and


set-up instructions.
Switch on the brake too. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.

More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation.

Circuit diagram: Connection and starting (DC)

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Set-up: Connection and starting (DC)

Power up the universal motor using a DC voltage and record its load
characteristic
Required settings:

Brake mode: Speed control


DC power supply: 220V

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor
Experiment procedure:

Put the motor into operation and observe its operating response.
Apply the brake to make the motor run at the speeds listed in the table.
Measure the motor current and torque in each case.

Make sure the ammeter and voltmeter are properly connected.


The brake must be operating up to the full speed specified in the table below
before the motor is activated. Otherwise the motor might start to run away with no
load.
n/(1/min)
I/A

3500

3250

3000

2750

2500

2250

2000

10

1.50

I/A

M/Nm

M/Nm
3.0

1.25

2.5

1.00

2.0

0.75

1.5

0.50

1.0

0.25

0.5

0.00

0.0
2000

2250

2500

2750

3000

3250

3500
n/(1/min)

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Circuit diagram: Connection and starting (AC)

11

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Set-up: Connection and starting (AC)

Power up the universal motor with an AC voltage


Required settings:

12

Brake mode: Speed control

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor
Experiment procedure:

Put the motor into operation and observe its response.


Apply the brake to make the motor run at the speeds listed in the table.
Measure the motor current and torque in each case.

Make sure the ammeter and voltmeter are properly connected.


The brake must be operating up to the full speed specified in the table below
before the motor is activated. Otherwise the motor might start to run away with no
load.
n/(1/min)
I/A

3500

3250

3000

2750

2500

2250

2000

1.50

I/A

M/Nm

M/Nm
3.0

1.25

2.5

1.00

2.0

0.75

1.5

0.50

1.0

0.25

0.5

0.00

0.0
2000

2250

2500

2750

3000

3250

3500
n/(1/min)

What can be said about the load characteristics (AC & DC)?
The motor current with a DC supply is much higher than
with AC.
The maximum motor torque with an AC supply is much

lower than with DC.


As the speed rises, so does the power consumption,

whether the supply is AC or DC.

13

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Record the load characteristics using the ActiveDrive/SimuLoad software

Required settings:

Brake:
PC mode

Important: The brake must be operating up to the initial speed of


4000 rpm before the motor is activated.

Experiment procedure:

14

Start the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software.


Select speed control mode.
The motor is to be slowed down in 20 steps from 4000 rpm till 2000 rpm (
Note: enter the required number of steps in the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo
software under "Settings" => "Default" => "Ramp")
Label the graph and axes to match the placeholder.
The following parameters are to be recorded:
Torque M
(n)
Mechanical power P
2(n)
After the measurements are complete, export the resulting graph and copy it
into the placeholder below.
Save the settings of the ActiveDrive/ActiveDrive software for future
experiments in a file named "eem3_LoadCharacteristic_1"

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor
Placeholder for load characteristic 1

15

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

16

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Training content: Rotation reversal

Identify the difference between clockwise and anti-clockwise


rotation
Operate the motor in both directions

Direction of rotation
If you look at the drive shaft end of the DC shunt-wound machine from the
perspective of the working machine (in our case the brake), the rotating direction is
positive when it is clockwise. If the motor has two workable shaft ends, then it is the
shaft end opposite the cooling vents, collector or slip-rings that is the shaft end
which defines the rotation direction.

Assembly instructions: Rotation reversal

Assemble the circuit as specified in the following circuit diagram and setup instructions.
Switch on the brake. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.

More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation.

17

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Circuit diagram: Rotation reversal

18

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Set-up: Rotation reversal

Rotation reversal
Required settings:

Brake mode: Torque control

19

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor
Experiment procedure:

Activate the brake by means of the "Run" key.


Switch on the motor and observe it.
If the motor runs faster than 4000 rpm, you need to adjust the brake torque
appropriately to limit the no-load speed.

The brake must already be in operation, otherwise the motor might start to run
away with no load.

In which direction does the motor turn?


The motor turns clockwise.
The motor turns anti-clockwise.

20

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Switch off the motor and modify the circuit as shown in the diagram below.
Start the motor again and observe its response.

Circuit diagram: Rotation reversal

21

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

In which direction does the motor turn now?


The motor turns clockwise.
The motor turns anti-clockwise.

Classify the respective connection configurations and the corresponding rotation


directions resulting from them! Any commutating pole or compensation winding
is to be disregarded here. (clockwise rotation=1; counterclockwise rotation=2)
L1 - A2, N - D1, A1 - D3 (D2) => ____
L1 - D1, N - A1, D3 (D2) - A2 => ____
L1 - A2, N - D3 (D2), A1 - D1 => ____
L1 - D3 (D2), N - A1, D1 - A2 => ____

22

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Training content: Load characteristics

Simulate various loads (load machines) using the


ActiveDrive/SimuLoad software
Investigate parameters for the software specific to the various loads
(load constant and torque)
Record and investigate various operating points
Determine the motor's response to various loads

Assembly instructions: Load characteristics

Assemble the circuit as specified in the following circuit diagram and setup instructions
Switch the brake on. This does not yet subject the motor to any load

More detailed information on the brake and the software used can be found in the
corresponding online documentation
Note: after every measurement, switch off the motor before deactivating the
brake.

23

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Circuit diagram: Load characteristics

24

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Set-up: Load characteristic

25

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Simulate various loads using the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software


Determine operating points for the pump/fan load machine
Required settings:

Brake:
Industrial series: PC mode
The settings shown below should be made in the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo
software:
Load machine: Pump/fan
Load constant: Refer to experiment procedure.
Settings in "Load simulation" mode:
Under "View" => "Measurement Value Display", select all mechanical
and electrical variables except for slip.
Under "Settings" => "Default" => "Circuit", select the "Single-phase"
option.

Experiment procedure:

Start the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo software and open the file you saved as
"eem3_LoadCharacteristic_1" in the "Connection and starting" experiment).
Make the necessary settings.
The following parameter is to be measured and recorded:
Torque M
(n)
Set a starting value for the load constant "I" to "4" (-3E) resp. "6" (-5E)
Now put the motor into operation
Start the measurement and slowly increase the load constant "I" until the
motor current shown in the parameter dialog approximately reaches the 0.9
times (-3E) or 0.75 times (-5E) of the motor's nominal current and then store
this first "operating point"
Now increase the load constant up to the nominal current of the motor and
wait a moment and then store this second operating point
When the measurement is complete, export the resulting graph and copy it
into the placeholder shown below.
Save your settings in a file named "eem3_PumpFan_1".

More information on the definitions for the pump/fan load machine and load
constant I can be found in the online documentation for the ActiveDrive /
ActiveServo software.

26

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor
Placeholder for pump/fan load characteristic 1

Enter the values measured for the first operating point.


n = ____rpm
M = ____Nm
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
= ____%

27

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Enter the values measured for the second operating point.


n = ____rpm
M = ____Nm
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
= ____%

Determine operating points for the lifting drive load machine


Required settings:

28

Brake:
Industrial series: PC mode
The settings shown below should be made in the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo
software:
Load machine: Lifting drive
Load torque: Refer to experiment procedure.
Software settings in "Load simulation" mode:
Under "View" => "Measurement Value Display", select all mechanical
and electrical variables except for slip.
Under "Settings" => "Default" => "Circuit", select the "Single-phase"
option.

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor
Experiment procedure:

Start the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo software and open the file you saved as
"eem3_LoadCharacteristic_1" in the "Connection and starting" experiment.
Make the necessary settings.
The following parameter is to be measured and recorded:
Torque M
(n)
Set a starting value for the load torque to "0.35" Nm (-3E) resp. "1.2" Nm (-5E)
Now put the motor into operation
Start the measurement while slowly increasing the load torque "M" until the
motor current shown in the parameter dialog corresponds to approx. 0.8 times
the nominal current of the motor and store this first "operating point"
Increase the load constant up to the nominal current of the motor is reached
then wait a moment and then also store this second operating point
When the measurement is complete, export the resulting graph and copy it
into the placeholder below.
Save your settings in a file named "eem3_LiftingDrive_1"

More information on the definitions for the lifting drive load machine and the load
torque can be found in the (online) documentation for the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo
software.

29

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor
Placeholder for lifting drive load characteristic 1

30

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

Enter the measured values for the first operating point.


n = ____rpm
M = ____Nm
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
= ____%

Enter the measured values for the second operating point.


n = ____rpm
M = ____Nm
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
= ____%

What can be said about the load characteristics obtained for both load
machines?
The motor current at operating point 1 rises by a factor
of 1.5 compared with operating point 2. The same
applies to the mechanical power P2.
The mechanical power P2 at operating point 2 is lower

than at operating point 1.


The mechanical power P2 at operating point 2 is higher

than at operating point 1.


The motor torque rises with the load.

More than one


answer may
be correct.

31

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Universal motor

32

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

Single-phase motor with bifilar winding


The next few pages include the following exercises to be performed using
a single-phase motor with bifilar winding:

Connection and starting


Rotation reversal
Load characteristic

33

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

34

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

Training content: Connection and starting

Identify the terminal connections of the motor


Read the nominal data of the motor based on the rating plate
Measure motor voltage and current
Operate the motor with a brake
Subject the motor to a load

Note: never operate this single-phase AC motor without the bifilar starter winding,
otherwise the motor will get damaged.

Enter the nominal data for the motor:


Nominal power ____W
UN

____V

IN

____A

cos

____

Speed

____rpm

Frequency

____Hz

Assembly instructions: Connection and starting

Assemble the circuits as specified in the following circuit diagram and


set-up instructions.
Switch on the brake. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.

More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation.

35

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

Circuit diagram: Connection and starting

36

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

Set-up: Connection and starting

Operate the single-phase motor with an auxiliary resistance winding and


record its load characteristic
Required settings:

Brake mode: Speed control

37

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding
Experiment procedure:

Start up the motor and observe its response.


Use the brake to run the motor at the speeds specified in the table.
Measure the motor current and torque in each case.

Ensure that the motor current does not exceed 6 A.


Make sure to connect the ammeter/voltmeter correctly.
n/(1/min)
I/A

3000

2950

2900

2850

2800

2750

M/Nm

2.50

I/A

M/Nm
5.0

2.25

4.5

2.00

4.0

1.75

3.5

1.50

3.0

1.25

2.5

1.00

2.0

0.75

1.5

0.50

1.0

0.25

0.5

0.00

0.0
2750

2800

2850

2900

What can be said about the load characteristic?


The motor current rises only slightly with the load
moment.
As the speed drops below the nominal value, the motor

current rises sharply.


The speed drops rapidly as the load moment increases.

38

2950

3000
n/(1/min)

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding
Record a load characteristic with the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software
Required settings:

Brake:
PC mode

Experiment procedure:

Start the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software.


Select speed control mode.
The motor is to be slowed in 20 steps down to a speed of 2700 rpm using the
brake.( Note: enter the required number of steps and final speed in
"ActiveDrive/ActiveServo" under "Settings" => "Default" => "Ramp")
Label the graph and axes as in the placeholder.
The following parameters are to be recorded:
Torque M
(n)
Mechanical power P
2(n)
After measurement is complete, export the resulting graph and copy it into the
placeholder below.
Save the settings of the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software for future
experiments in a file named "eem3_LoadCharacteristic_2"

39

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding
Placeholder for load characteristic 2

40

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

Training content: Rotation reversal

Identify the difference between clockwise and anti-clockwise


rotation
Operate the motor in both directions

Direction of rotation
If you look at the drive shaft end of the DC shunt-wound machine from the
perspective of the working machine (in our case the brake), the rotating direction is
positive when it is clockwise. If the motor has two workable shaft ends, then it is the
shaft end opposite the cooling vents, collector or slip-rings that is the shaft end
which defines the rotation direction.

Assembly instructions: Rotation reversal

Assemble the circuit as specified in the following circuit diagram and setup instructions.
Switch on the brake. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.

More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation.

41

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

Circuit diagram: Rotation reversal

42

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

Set-up: Rotation reversal

Rotation reversal
Experiment procedure:

Switch on the motor and observe its response.

In which direction does the motor turn?


The motor turns clockwise.
The motor turns anti-clockwise.

43

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

Switch off the motor and modify the circuit as shown in the diagram below.
Start the motor again and observe it.

Circuit diagram: Rotation reversal

44

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

In which direction does the motor turn?


The motor turns clockwise.
The motor turns anti-clockwise.

Match each circuit to the corresponding direction of rotation (clockwise=1; anticlockwise=2)


L1 - F2, F1 - U1, N - U2 - Z2, F3 - Z1 => ___
L1 - F2, F1 - U2, N - U1 - Z1, F3 - Z2 => ___
L1 - F2, F1 - U1, N - U2 - Z1, F3 - Z2 => ___
L1 - F2, F1 - U2, N - U1 - Z2, F3 - Z1 => ___

45

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

46

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

Training content: Load characteristics

Simulate various loads (load machines) using the


ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software
Investigate parameters for the software specific to the various loads
(load constant and torque)
Record and investigate various operating points
Determine the motor's response to various loads

Assembly instructions: Load characteristics

Assemble the circuit as specified in the following circuit diagram and setup instructions
Switch the brake on too. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.

More detailed information on the brake and the software used can be found in the
corresponding online documentation.

47

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

Circuit diagram: Load characteristic

48

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

Set-up: Load characteristic

49

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

Simulate various loads using the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software


Determine operating points for the pump/fan load machine
Required settings:

Brake:
PC mode
The settings shown below should be made in the software:
Load machine: Pump/fan
Load constant: Refer to experiment procedure.
Under "View" => "Measurement Value Display", select all mechanical
and electrical variables except for slip.
Under "Settings" => "Default" => "Circuit", select the "Single-phase"
option.

Experiment procedure:

Start the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo software and open the file you saved as
"eem3_LoadCharacteristic_2" in the "Connection and starting" experiment).
Make the necessary settings.
The following parameter is to be measured and recorded:
Torque M
(n)
Start the measurement while slowly increasing the load constant "I" until the
motor current shown in the parameter dialog window approximately
corresponds to 0.75 times the motor's nominal current and then store this first
"operating point"
Now increase the load constant up to approx. the nominal current of the motor
and then wait a moment and then also store this second operating point
When the measurement is complete, export the resulting graph and copy it
into the placeholder shown below.
Save your settings in a file named "eem3_PumpFan_2"

More information on the definitions for the pump/fan load machine and load
constant I can be found in the online documentation for the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo
software.

50

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding
Placeholder for pump/fan load characteristic 2

Enter the values measured for the first operating point.


n = ____rpm
M = ____Nm
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
= ____%

51

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

Enter the values measured for the second operating point.


n = ____rpm
M = ____Nm
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
= ____%

Determine operating points for the lifting drive load machine


Required settings:

52

Brake:
PC mode
The settings shown below should be made in the software:
Load machine: Lifting drive
Load torque: Refer to experiment procedure.
Under "View" => "Measurement Value Display", select all mechanical
and electrical variables except for slip.
Under "Settings" => "Default" => "Circuit", select the "Single-phase"
option.

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding
Experiment procedure:

Start the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo software and open the file you saved as
"eem3_LoadCharacteristic_1" in the "Connection and starting" experiment.
Make the necessary settings.
The following parameter is to be measured and recorded:
Torque M
(n)
Start the measurement while slowly increasing the load torque "M" until the
motor current shown in the parameter dialog window corresponds
approximately with 0.75 times the nominal motor current and then store this
first "operating point"
Now increase the load torque up to the nominal motor current and then wait a
moment and then also store this second operating point
When the measurement is complete, export the resulting graph and copy it
into the placeholder below.
Save your settings in a file named "eem3_LiftingDrive_2"

More information on the definitions for the lifting drive load machine and the
load torque can be found in the (online) documentation for the
ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software.
Placeholder for lifting drive load characteristic 2

53

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Single-phase motor with a bifilar winding

Enter the measured values for the first operating point.


n = ____rpm
M = ____Nm
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
= ____%

Enter the measured values for the second operating point.


n = ____rpm
M = ____Nm
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
= ____%

What can be said about the load characteristics obtained for the two load
machines?
The motor current at operating point 2 is higher by a
factor of 1.5 as compared to operating point 1.
The mechanical power at operating point 2 is lower than

at operating point 1.
The mechanical power at operating point 2 is higher

than at operating point 1.


The efficiency increases with the load.

54

More than one


answer may
be correct.

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

Capacitor motor
The next few pages include the following exercises to be performed using
a capacitor motor:

Connection and starting


Rotation reversal
Load characteristic

55

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

56

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

Training content: Connection and starting

Identify the terminal connections of the motor


Read the nominal data of the motor based on the rating plate
Measure motor voltage and current
Operate the motor with a brake
Subject the motor to a load

Enter the nominal data for the capacitor motor:


Nominal power

____W

UN

____V

IN

____A

cos

____

Speed

____rpm

Frequency

____Hz

Starting capacitor

____F

Operating capacitor ____F

Assembly instructions: Connection and starting

Assemble the circuits as specified in the following circuit diagram and


set-up instructions
Switch on the brake. This does not yet subject the motor to any load

More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation.

57

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

Circuit diagram: Connection and starting

58

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

Set-up: Connection and starting

59

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor
Start the motor with a capacitor
Record a load characteristic
Required settings:

Brake mode: Speed control

Experiment procedure:

Start up the motor and observe its response.


Use the brake to run the motor at the speeds specified in the table.
Measure the motor current and torque in each case.

Make sure to connect the ammeter/voltmeter correctly.


Do not let the motor slow down so much that it stops.
n/(1/min)
I/A

2900 2800

2700

2600

2500

2400

2300

2200

60

2.50

I/A

M/Nm

M/Nm
5.0

2.25

4.5

2.00

4.0

1.75

3.5

1.50

3.0

1.25

2.5

1.00

2.0

0.75

1.5

0.50

1.0

0.25

0.5

0.00

0.0
2760

2780

2800

2820

2840

2860

2880

2900
n/(1/min)

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

Which of the following statements are true of the load characteristic?


The torque only rises continuously up to approx. 2840
min-1
As of a speed of approx. 2800 min-1 the torque and the

motor current no longer increase


The motor current continues to increase during motor

braking

Record load characteristics using the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software


Required settings:

Brake:
PC Mode

Experiment procedure:

Start the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software.


Select speed control mode.
The motor is to be slowed in 20 steps down till it stops using the brake.(
Note: enter the required number of steps and final speed in
"ActiveDrive/ActiveServo" under "Settings" => "Default" => "Ramp")
Label the graph and axes as in the placeholder.
The following parameters are to be recorded:
Torque M
(n)
Mechanical power P
2(n)
After measurement is complete, export the resultant diagram to fill the
placeholder below.
Save the settings of the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo software for future
experiments in a file named "eem3_LoadCharacteristic_3"

61

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor
Placeholder for load characteristic 3

62

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

Training content: Rotation reversal

Identify the difference between clockwise and anti-clockwise


rotation
Operate the motor in both directions

Direction of rotation
If you look at the drive shaft end of the DC shunt-wound machine from the
perspective of the working machine (in our case the brake), the rotating direction is
positive when it is clockwise. If the motor has two workable shaft ends, then it is the
shaft end opposite the cooling vents, collector or slip-rings that is the shaft end
which defines the rotation direction.

Assembly instructions: Rotation reversal

Assemble the circuit as specified in the following circuit diagram and setup instructions.
Switch on the brake. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.

More information on the brake can be found in the related (online) documentation.

63

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

Circuit diagram: Rotation reversal

64

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

Set-up: Rotation reversal

Rotation reversal
Required settings:

Switch on the motor and observe it.

In which direction does the motor turn?


The motor turns clockwise.
The motor turns anti-clockwise.

65

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

Switch off the motor and modify the circuit as shown in the diagram below.
Start the motor again and observe it.

Circuit diagram: Rotation reversal

66

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

In which direction does the motor turn now?


The motor turns clockwise.
The motor turns anti-clockwise.

Match each circuit to the direction it rotates (clockwise=1; anti-clockwise=2)


L1 - F2, F1 - U1, N - U2 - Z2, Z1 - CA - CB => ___
L1 - F2, F1 - U2, N - U1 - Z2, Z1 - CA - CB => ___
L1 - F2, F1 - U2, N - U1 - Z1, Z2 - CA - CB => ___
L1 - F2, F1 - U1, N - U2 - Z1, Z2 - CA - CB => ___

67

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

68

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

Training content: Load characteristics

Simulate various loads (load machines) using the


ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software
Investigate parameters for the software specific to the various loads
(load constant and moment)
Record and investigate various operating points
Determine the motor's response to various loads

Assembly instructions: Load characteristics

Assemble the circuit as specified in the following circuit diagram and setup instructions
Switch the brake on too. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.

More detailed information on the brake and the software used can be found in the
corresponding online documentation

69

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

Circuit diagram: Load characteristic

70

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

Set-up: Load characteristic

71

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

Simulate various loads using the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo software


Determine operating points for the pump/fan load machine
Required settings:

72

Brake:
PC mode
The settings shown below should be made in both the ActiveDrive and
ActiveServo software:
Load machine: Pump/fan
Load moment: Refer to experiment procedure
Under "View" => "Measurement Value Display", select all mechanical
and electrical variables except for slip.
Under "Settings" => "Default" => "Circuit", select the "Single-phase"
option.

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor
Experiment procedure:

Start the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo software and open the file you saved as
"eem3_LoadCharacteristic_3" in the "Connection and starting" experiment.
Make the necessary settings.
The following parameter is to be measured and recorded:
Torque M
(n)
Commence the measurement; slowly increase the load constant I until the
motor current indicated in the parameter dialog is approximately equal to the
nominal value and save this first operating point.
Increase the load constant to roughly 1.5 times the nominal motor current, wait
briefly and save this second operating point.
When the measurement is complete, export the resulting graph and copy it
into the placeholder shown below.
Save your settings in a file named "eem3_PumpFan_3".

73

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor
Placeholder for pump/fan load characteristic 3"

Enter the values measured for the first operating point.


n = ____rpm
M = ____Nm
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
= ____%

74

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

Enter the values measured for the second operating point.


n = ____rpm
M = ____Nm
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
= ____%

Determine operating points for the lifting drive load machine


Required settings:

Brake:
PC mode
The settings shown below should be made in both the ActiveDrive
and ActiveServo software:
Load machine: Lifting drive
Load moment: Refer to experiment procedure.
Under "View" => "Measurement Value Display", select all mechanical
and electrical variables except for slip.
Under "Settings" => "Default" => "Circuit", select the "Single-phase"
option.

75

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor
Experiment procedure:

Start the ActiveDrive / ActiveServo software and open the file you saved as
"eem3_LoadCharacteristic_3" in the "Connection and starting" experiment.
Make the necessary settings.
The following parameter is to be measured and recorded:
Torque M
(n)
First put the motor into operation with the starting capacitor.
Commence the measurement; slowly increase the load moment M until the
motor current indicated in the parameter dialog is approximately equal to the
nominal value and save this first operating point.
Increase the load constant to roughly 1.5 times the nominal motor current, wait
briefly and save this second operating point.
When the measurement is complete, export the resulting graph and copy it
into the placeholder below.
Save your settings in a file named "eem3_LiftingDrive_3"
Reduce the load torque back to the value at the first operating point and switch
the motor off.
Remove the connection between F3 and CA.
Now put the motor into operation without the starting capacitor and observe its
response.

More information on the definitions for the lifting drive load machine and the load
moment can be found in the (online) documentation for the ActiveDrive/ActiveServo
software.

76

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor
Placeholder for lifting drive load characteristic 3

How does a motor without a starting capacitor respond when started up?
The response is very delayed.
The motor does not respond at all.

Enter the measured values for the first operating point.


n = ____rpm
M = ____Nm
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
= ____%

77

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Capacitor motor

Enter the measured values for the second operating point.


n = ____rpm
M = ____Nm
P2 = ____W
P1 = ____W
= ____%

What can be said about the load characteristics obtained for the two load
machines?
The motor current and mechanical power P2 increase
proportionally with the load.
The speed at operating point 2 drops sharply.

The efficiency increases with the load.

The reactive power Q decreases with the load.

78

More than one


answer may
be correct.

EEM3 Industrial AC motors


Copyright

Congratulations!
This is the last page. You have completed the course "EEM 3 Industrial
AC motors".

Copyright 2007-2008 LUCAS-NLLE GmbH.


This course "EEM 3 Industrial AC motors" is protected by copyright. All rights
pertaining thereto are reserved. Any reproduction of the document as a file or in
written form be it photocopy, microfilm or any other method or conversion into a
machine-compatible language, in particular for data processing systems, without the
expressed written approval of the LUCAS-NLLE GmbH is strictly forbidden.
The software as described above is made available on the basis of a general
licensing agreement or in the form of a single license. The use or reproduction of the
software is only permitted in strict compliance with the contractual terms stated
therein.
If changes have been performed in a manner which was not strictly authorised by
the LUCAS-NLLE GmbH, any product liability or warranty claims pertaining thereto
are null and void.

79

16

Lucas-Nlle Lehr- und Megerte GmbH


Siemensstrae 2 D-50170 Kerpen-Sindorf
Telefon +49 2273 567-0 Fax +49 2273 567-30
www.lucas-nuelle.de

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