Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
_______________
* EN BANC.
171
171
172
173
174
may be considered null and void. The ponencia did not, however,
show which orders or proceedings resulted in this violation and,
instead, made a blanket prohibition of the conduct of the Garci
tapes investigation for want of published Rules of Procedure
Governing Inquiries.
Same; Same; In both the March 25 Neri Decision and the September
4 Neri Resolution, the Court did not invalidate the entire Senate
investigation proceedings conducted in accordance with the Rules of
Procedure Governing Inquiries, which were not published in the
14th Congress.In both the March 25 Neri Decision and the
September 4 Neri Resolution, the Court did not invalidate the
entire Senate investigation proceedings conducted in accordance
with the Rules of Procedure Governing Inquiries, which were not
175
175
176
Inquiries shall not continue in effect from one Congress to the next,
these rules shall have continuing effect.
Same; Anti-Wiretapping Law; What Republic Act (R.A.) 4200
penalizes are the acts of secretly overhearing, intercepting or
recording private communications by means of the devices
enumerated therein.A private communication is characterized as
such based not on the content of the communication, but on the
context that it was said in private and not for public
consumption. That the content or nature of the communication is
immaterial was ruled in Ramirez v. Court of Appeals, 248 SCRA 590
(1995), viz.: ... the nature of the conversations is immaterial to
a violation of the statute. The substance of the same need not
be specifically alleged in the information. What R.A. 4200
penalizes are the acts of secretly overhearing, intercepting
or recording private communications by means of the
devices enumerated therein. The mere allegation that an
individual made a secret recording of a private communication by
means of a tape recorder would suffice to constitute an offense
under Section 1 of R.A. 4200.
177
177
178
the acts it prohibits and contradict the very purpose for adopting
the law as clearly stated in its title, An Act to Prohibit and
Penalize Wire Tapping and Other Related Violations of the Privacy
of Communication, and for Other Purposes. Well-settled is the rule
in statutory construction that where there is ambiguity, such
interpretation as will avoid inconvenience and absurdity is to be
adopted. Interpretatio talis in ambiguis semper frienda est, ut
evitatur inconveniens et absurdum. R.A. No. 4200 should be given a
sensible construction, so as to give effect to its rationale and intent
and thus avoid an unjust or absurd interpretation. The ineluctable
conclusion is that the use of illegally wiretapped communication
must be allowed in a prosecution under R.A. No. 4200 precisely to
deter the commission of illegal wiretapping.
REYES, J., Concurring and Dissenting Opinion:
Remedial Law; Actions; Moot and Academic; While it is true that the
Court is not absolutely precluded from resolving issues that are
otherwise moot, no compelling circumstance is present here that
would warrant the exercise of judicial review.One of the requisites
of judicial power is the presence of an actual controversy. Courts are
prohibited from deciding hypothetical, conjectural or anticipatory
questions despite their vast judicial power. Otherwise, a decision
rendered would amount to nothing but an advisory opinion, which
would not augur well with the function of courts as arbiters of con179
179
180
_______________
1 Rollo (G.R. No. 179275), p. 168.
181
181
182
183
184
mode/s
of
publication
will
comply
with
the
constitutional requirement.
3.Whether the inquiry, which is centered on the so-called Garci
tapes, violates Section 3, Article III of the Constitution and/or Republic
Act No. 4200. (Id., at p. 66.)
18Motion for Leave to Intervene and Petition-in-Intervention filed on
October 26, 2007.
19 Resolution dated November 20, 2007.
185
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
Senate of the Congress before it. The Rules of the Senate itself
confirms this when it states:
RULE XLIV
UNFINISHED BUSINESS
SEC.123.Unfinished business at the end of the session
shall be taken up at the next session in the same status.
All pending matters and proceedings shall
terminate upon the expiration of one (1) Congress, but
may be taken by the succeeding Congress as if present for the
first time.
Undeniably from the foregoing, all pending matters and
proceedings, i.e. unpassed bills and even legislative investigations,
of the Senate of a particular Congress are considered terminated
upon the expiration of that Congress and it is merely optional on
the Senate of the succeeding Congress to take up such unfinished
matters, not in the same status, but as if presented for the first
time. The logic and practicality of such a rule is readily apparent
considering that the Senate of the succeeding Congress (which will
typically have a different composition as that of the previous
Congress) should not be bound by the acts and deliberations of the
Senate of which they had no part. If the Senate is a continuing body
even with respect to the conduct of its business, then pending
matters will not be deemed terminated with the expiration of one
Congress but will, as a matter of course, continue into the next
Congress with the same status.
This dichotomy of the continuity of the Senate as an institution
and of the opposite nature of the conduct of its business is reflected
in its Rules. The Rules of the Senate (i.e. the Senates main rules of
procedure) states:
RULE LI
AMENDMENTS TO, OR REVISIONS OF, THE RULES
SEC.136.At the start of each session in which the
Senators elected in the preceding elections shall begin their
term of office, the President may endorse the Rules to the
appropriate committee for amendment or revision.
194
194
195
Respondents
justify
their
non-observance
of
the
196
Commercial
and
Non-Commercial
Transactions
and
maintains
its
integrity
and
reliability,
and
can
be
197
_______________
(ii)The electronic document is reliable in the light of the
purpose for which it was generated and in the light of all the
relevant circumstances.
(b)Paragraph (a) applies whether the requirement therein is in the
form of an obligation or whether the law simply provides consequences
for the document not being presented or retained in its original form.
(c)Where the law requires that a document be presented or retained
in its original form, that requirement is met by an electronic document if
Documents.(1)
Where
the
law
requires
198
this
discussion,
the
respondent
Senate
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
be acted on.
Chapter LIII
Sec.122.These Rules shall take effect on the date of their
adoption and shall remain in force until they are amended or
repealed.14
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
224
225
226
226
_______________
27 III Records of the Senate, March 12, 1964, p. 625.
227
227
228
229
230
231
wire_______________
33 Salcedo-Ortanez v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 110662, August 4,
1994, 235 SCRA 111 and People v. Olivarez, Jr., et al., G.R. No. 77865,
December 4, 1998, 299 SCRA 635.
34 Transcripts of Senate hearings held by the Joint Committees on
National Defense and Security and the Committees on Accountability of
Public Officers and Investigations (Blue Ribbon) and on Constitutional
Amendments, Revision of Codes and Laws, September 7 and 17, 2007.
232
232
233
234
235
236
The
237
_______________
As expected, there was nothing new in the majoritys findings and
recommendations.
The main report did not deviate from the revised draft report it routed to
committee members on March 13, which admitted the failure of the joint
congressional inquiry to unravel the mystery of the political controversy.
The report said that the hearings only raised more issues and answered
none, thus Congress should continue to seek the answers x x x and in
particular subpoena phone records to establish the likelihood or unlikelihood
that alleged wiretapping conversations could have taken place.
5 465 Phil. 860; 421 SCRA 148 (2004).
238
238
2006, 489 SCRA 160; Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, May 10, 2001,
357 SCRA 756; Province of Batangas v. Romulo, G.R. No. 152774, May
27, 2004, 429 SCRA 736; Albaa v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No.
163302, July 23, 2004, 435 SCRA 98; Acop v. Guingona, Jr., G.R. No.
134855, July 2, 2002, 383 SCRA 577; Sanlakas v. Executive Secretary,
G.R. No. 159085, February 3, 2004, 277 SCRA 409.
8 Heirs of Eugenia v. Roxas, Inc. v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R.
Nos. 67195, 78618 & 78619-20, May 29, 1989, 173 SCRA 581; Agustin v.
De la Fuente, 84 Phil. 515 (1949); Calbanero v. Torres, 61 Phil. 522
(1935).
239
239
Anent the first issue, I agree with the ponencia and the
dissenting opinion of Mr. Chief Justice Reynato Puno that
petitioners Santiago Javier Ranada and Oswaldo D.
Agcaoili, plus intervenor Maj. Lindsay Rex Sagge, possess
the requisite locus standi to bring the suit.
240
241
242
243
_______________
17 Constitution (1987), Art. VI, Sec. 8.
18 Id., Secs. 14 and 15 provides:
Section14.Appointments extended by an Acting President shall remain
effective, unless revoked by the elected President, within ninety days from his
assumption or reassumption of office.
Section15.Two months immediately before the next presidential elections
and up to the end of his term, a President or Acting President shall not make
appointments, except temporary appointments to executive positions when
continued vacancies therein will prejudice public service or endanger public
safety.
19 The Office of a Senator may be vacant for causes such as death or
permanent disability.
244
244
245
in aid of legislation.
I agree with the Chief Justice that this Court must be wary of the
far-reaching consequences of a case law invalidating the Senate
rules of procedure for lack of republication. Our ruling in this
petition will not only affect the NBN-ZTE investigation, but all
other Senate investigations conducted under the 10th, 11th, 12th,
and the present 14th Congress, for which no republication of the
rules has been done. These investigations have been the basis of
several bills and laws passed in the Senate and the House of
Representatives. Putting a doubt on the authority, effectivity and
validity of these proceedings is imprudent and unwise. This Court
should really be cautious in making a jurisprudential ruling that
will unduly strangle
246
246
_______________
21 Senate v. Ermita, supra note 14, at pp. 30-35.
22 273 US 135 (1927).
23 Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil. 29 (1950).