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Content
General Introduction
Design principles
Serviceability limit state
Ultimate limit state
Related design consideration
General Introduction
Precast Floors,
How long is the span?
Live load
[kN/m2]
Floor plank
Hollow core
Double tee
Span [m]
core
web
Longitudinal joint
transversal joint
1.20 m
1.20 m
1.20 m
Apartment buildings
Single family houses
Offices
Shopping centers
Industrial buildings
(Walls)
Production
Production
Prefabricated units are extruded or slipformed
on a long prestressing bed
Units are pre-tensioned with prestressed steel:
Design principles
Cross section
Depth of unit (max span-to-depth-ratio = 35)
Strand pattern
Pre-stressing
Span
Pm e zt
M z
x t
I
I
+
Vx
Mx
d
Pm
A
Np
Pm
P ez
M z
m b x b
A
I
I
Tensile stresses
Flexural cracking
Cracking of top fibers
M r f ctm, fl
I Pm I
Pm e
zt A zt
f ctm, fl
+
f ctm, fl
M r f ctm, fl
Basic design principles on hollow core slabs
I Pm I
Pm e M x
zb A zb
Cracking patterns
Cracking
Crack-free or controlled crack widths in SLS
Characteristic crack width (uk) can be calculated and
evaluated according to different codes
If cracks occur, the width of it is immediately uk >0,2 mm
u>umax
u>umax
Local stresses
Anchorage stresses in the transmission zone
Bursting and spalling, related to distribution of prestress
force over cross-section
Splitting due to bond action
Bond stress
Ribbed bar
e0
spalling
splitting
strand
bursting
spalling
slip
Local stresses
Prevention of longitudinal cracking:
cmin required for bursting and splitting:
. If centre-to-centre distance of strands
3.0:
2.5:
cmin = 1.5
cmin = 2.5
P0
bwe0
in which
15 e
2.3
1.5
l pt1
1
e0
P0
k
bw
e0
0.07
1.3 e 0.1
f ct
with e
e0 k
h
Deflection
Deflection
Long term and short term load combinations
Can be estimated with factors from static handbooks
In programs calculated from stresses and curvature
Deflection limits
From loading: L/200
Deflection from 0-level downwards L/250
Britle connected structures: L/500
Camber
w>wmax
w>wmax
Bending
In ULS Bending capacity of hollow core is
calculated just like reinforced cross section
Npu
Shear capacity
Cracked cross section
Uncracked cross section
Anchorage area
Shear capacity
Cross section cracked in ULS
1
1 2
2
cx
cx cxz
f ctd
2
4
z
e
Ibw
( f ctd ) 2 1 cp f ctd
S
Basic design principles on hollow core slabs
xz x
VRd ,c
C Rd ,c k 100 l f ck 3 0,15 cp bw d
Np
at ULS
at release
Np (Pi, P)
lpt1 lpt2
lbpd
1 2 pm 0
f bpt
Basic design principles on hollow core slabs
distance
Non-rigid supports
Hcs on concrete and steel beams
Deformation of beam alter mode of behaviour:
Transversal stresses are introduced in slab
Bottom flange may crack and influences bond of strands
Transversal joint may crack and decreases composite action
Unintended restrain
Questions???