Michael Faraday (22 September 1791 25

August 1867) was an English scientist who

contributed to the study of electromagnetism
and electrochemistry.
*Faraday's law of induction is a basic law of
electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic
field will interact with an electric circuit to
produce an electromotive force (EMF)a
phenomenon called electromagnetic induction.
It is the fundamental operating principle of
transformers, inductors, and many types of
electrical motors, generators and solenoids.
*Faraday waves, also known as Faraday ripples, named after Michael
Faraday, are nonlinear standing waves that appear on liquids enclosed by a
vibrating receptacle. When the vibration frequency exceeds a critical value,
the flat hydrostatic surface becomes unstable. This is known as the Faraday
instability. Faraday first described them in an appendix to an article in the
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London in 1831.
If a layer of liquid is placed on top of a vertically oscillating piston, a pattern
of standing waves appears which oscillates at half the driving frequency,
given certain criteria of instability. This relates to the problem of parametric
resonance. The waves can take the form of stripes, close-packed hexagons,
or even squares or quasiperiodic patterns. Faraday waves are commonly
observed as fine stripes on the surface of wine in a wineglass that is ringing
like a bell. Faraday waves also explain the 'fountain' phenomenon on a
singing bowl.
*Lines of force originated with Michael Faraday, whose theory holds that all
of reality is made up of force itself. His theory predicts that electricity, light,
and gravity have finite propagation delays.
-Although Faraday received little formal education, he was one of the most
influential scientists in history. It was by his research on the magnetic field
around a conductor carrying a direct current that Faraday established the
basis for the concept of the electromagnetic field in physics.

-Faraday also established that magnetism could affect rays of light and that
there was an underlying relationship between the two phenomena.
*He similarly discovered the principles of electromagnetic induction and
diamagnetism, and the laws of electrolysis.
-His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of
electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity
became practical for use in technology.
*The first homopolar generator was developed by Michael Faraday during his
experiments in 1831. It is frequently called the Faraday disc or Faraday wheel
in his honor. It was the beginning of modern dynamos that is, electrical
generators which operate using a magnetic field. It was very inefficient and
was not used as a practical power source, but it showed the possibility of
generating electric power using magnetism, and led the way for commutated
direct current dynamos and then alternating current alternators.
The Faraday disc was primarily inefficient due to counterflows of current.
While current flow was induced directly underneath the magnet, the current
would circulate backwards in regions outside the influence of the magnetic
field. This counterflow limits the power output to the pickup wires, and
induces waste heating of the copper disc. Later homopolar generators would
solve this problem by using an array of magnets arranged around the disc
perimeter to maintain a steady field around the circumference, and eliminate
areas where counterflow could occur.