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1.2 Political and administrative

structure of governance
November 12, 2015, By Loksewa MCQ | 3 Comments

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governance.

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To have access to governance political actors should be

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party.
Constitution can also act as a policy source for party.

Political structure of governance

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1. States structure (a. Federal / b. Unitary)

2. Governance view (a. Presidential / b. Parliamentary)

1a. Federal governance structure

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1.4 Distributive justice
of resources
1.3 Social and cultural
transformation

It is a system of governance in which the state territory is

controlled by two levels of government. Generally,
overarching national government governs issues that aect
the entire country and smaller subdivisions govern issues of
local concerns. Both government have the power to make

1.2 Social Justice and

equality
Old Question
Contemporary Issues 2072
Old Question
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laws and certain level of autonomy.

national and state government

LoksewaMCQ

National and state parliament

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local bodies
state level governance
states own law, judicial system
states own policy and implementation
protection of minority

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mutual sharing of resources among states

1b. Unitary governance structure

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It is a sovereign state governed by a single entry. The
central government is supreme and the administrative
division exercise only powers that the central government
has delegated to them. It delegates authority to sub

1.2 Political and

administrative structure of
governance
1.3 Right to

national units and channels policy decisions down to them

Information and

for implementation.

transparency
Major Highways in

Central policy and law is supreme and runs the whole stage
limited power and authority given to local bodies
limited power to local bodies for using resources, collecting
taxes and use
no local government or parliament

Nepal
1.5 Governance system
in Nepal
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central judicial system

2a. Presidential governance system

Recent Comments
Pawan Yadav on 1.2

A presidential system is a republican system of governance

where a head of the government is also the head of the
state and leads an executive branch that is separate from

Political and
administrative structure of
governance
Loksewa MCQ on 1.1

the legislative branch. President is directly or indirectly

Social disputes and

elected by people. Council of ministers is selected by

conict

president and

Social disputes and

ministers
should

Kamana Pandey on 1.1

not

necessarily be
member

of

parliament.
Council
ministers

conict
sagar khanal on 2.1
Constitutionalism
Loksewa MCQ on 1.2
Political and

of
is

administrative structure of
governance

responsible to
the president.
President can only be impeached by two third majority of
the parliament in most cases.
2b. Parliamentary governance system
It is a system of democratic governance of a state in which
the executive branch delivers its democratic legitimacy
from and is held accountable to the legislature; the
executive and legislative branches are thus interconnected.
In this system the head of the state is normally a dierent
person from the head of the government. Prime minister is
selected by parliament and head of state/president is only
a titular head. Prime minister holds all the power related to
the governance. This system is strong when a single party
has majority but lack of majority may lead to unstable
governance and hung parliament.
Bodies under political governance system
1. Head of state: In parliamentary system either prime minister
becomes the head of state or president is the titular head of
state. In presidential system president is the head of state.
Other head of the state many me monarch in a constitutional
monarchy.
2. Head of government: Head of government is generally second in
charge of the governance. In parliamentary system prime
minister is the head of state and is very powerful.

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3. Council of ministers: It is a group of common institution which is

responsible for governance. It is collection of prime ministers,
ministers, state ministers etc and is responsible for decision
making concerning the running of the state.
4. Parliament: Parliament is responsible for policy and law
formulation. These laws will ultimately run the state. It is also
responsible for choosing prime minister. It is a place where
peoples voices are represented via elected parliamentarian. It
also conducts parliamentary oversight mechanism via various
thematic committee concerning with various areas.
5. Local bodies: It stays close to the people and serve the people.
It is a place for democratic exercise. It is responsible for solving
local problems and conduct local developmental work. It can be
based on district, zone, village, ward, city etc.
6. Political parties: Political parties are responsible for providing
leadership for governance. They are in direct contact and
communication with the civilians and have the maximum
knowledge about what locals want. They act as a bridge
between government and people.

Administrative structure of governance

Administrative structure of governance is one of the most
important structure of governance as it is the mechanism
by which government services are delivered to public.
Strong, competitive, public oriented, and responsible
administrative structure is desirable. It is responsible for
providing suggestion during policy formulation and
implement the accepted policy for development.
1. Central

administrative

structure:

Directly

connected

to

government and is center for policy formulation, decision and

directive for implementation of such policy. Bodies like
ministries, commission, secretariat, department etc are its
examples.
2. Regional

administrative

structure:

It

looks

after

the

development process, services delivery and security of certain

area. It acts as a bridge between local and central bodies.
3. Local

administrative

structure:

It

implements

policies

formulated by center and works in direct service delivery and

development process.They are close to public and have direct

people contact. Success or failure of this body is directly related
with the success or failure of center and government as a whole.
Bodies working on city, district, VDC etc are local bodies.

Suggestion for strong governance system

Democratic governance system
Presidential or parliamentary system but political stability is
important
Periodic election
Right size council of ministers taking in to account the needs,
resources etc.
Highly representative council of ministers with ministers expert
in their eld
Head of state/government with long term vision
Parliament formation which reects representative system and
also ensures the participation of indigenous groups
Parliament committee formation with experts on the related
eld
Formation of regional/local bodies according to geography,
resources and cpacity
Right size local body formation and timely local bodies election.

Federal governance system

It envisions small and ecient lead central governance.
Central governance works on national policy, security
system, monetary policy and international relation whereas
local government handles other aspects.
It seeks to provide access and participation of minorities
Federal states are autonomous
Weak central government is not desirable. Provision of
intervention by center for unlawful act by state in necessary.
Clear demarcation of power and working area is desirable.
Representation of states representative at center is necessary.

Improving governance system

Lean and competent central administrative structure

Focus on national interest via policy formulation, monitoring,
evaluation etc
Expert wing on various level of governance
Information

networking

among

various

administrative

structures
Devolution and delegation of poser
Coordination between central and regional structures
Formation of problem troubleshooting groups in regional level
Adequate workforce in local bodies with skill and access to
technology
public hearing
Adequate resources to conduct daily business
Power to conduct business relating to local problems by local
bodies

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1.7 Multi-level
governance and
Nepal: Informal, civil
society, local,
cooperative,
corporate
governance and
UNO

1.1 Fundamentals of
governance:
Concept, context
and characteristics

1.4 Nation building

and State building
In "State and
governance"

In "State and
governance"

In "State and
governance"

1.1 fundamentals of governance: concept, context and characteristics

1.3 right to information and transparency

Comments (3)

nepalima pani post garna mildaina ??

Reply

Norbu Lama
(4 months ago)

There are many books available in

Nepali so we are trying to publish
material in English.

Reply

Loksewa MCQ
(4 months ago)

Pages are immensely helpful.I wish we,loksewa

aspirants had learning materials,books in
english too.

Reply

Pawan Yadav
(2 months ago)

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resources
1.3 Social and cultural
transformation
1.2 Social Justice and
equality
Old Question
Contemporary Issues 2072
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Contemporary Issues 2071