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English C^lassice for lcmcutiti|} School.

Price 2d. each
I.

4.
5.

6.
7.

8.

9.

10.

Gray's Elegy and the Ode on the Pleasure arising from Vicissitude.
Longfellow's Evangeline.
;

Campbell's Gertrude of Wyoming,

Scott's Battle of Flodden Field.
Bloomfield's Farmer's Boy.
Longfellow's Rural Life in Sweden.
Milton's II Penseroso.
Byron's Prisoner of Chilln.
Goldsmith's Deserted Village.
Selections from the Poems of Mrs.

Hemans

11.
12.
13.

14.
15.

16.

17.
18.
19.

20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

Selections from Wordsworth's Poems.

Goldsmith's Traveller.
Scott's Battle of Bannockburn.

Macaulay's Armada, and Ivry.

Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice.

Milton's Lycidas.
Scott's Field of V/aterloo.
Selections from Cowper's Poems.
Milton's L'All.egro.
Keats' Hyperion.
Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel,

Cantos I. and II.

Shakespeare's Death of Julius Caesar.
Shakespeare's Queen Katharine and
Wolsey.
Shakespeare's Midsuinmer Night's

Dream.
25.
26.
27.
29.
30.

Ghost Scene from

Shakespeare's
Hamlet.
Longfellow's King Robert of Sicily.
Shakespeare's King John.
Shakespeare's Battle of Agincourt.
Shakespeare's King Lear and his
Daughters.
Macaulay's Horatius.

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DE LA VOTE'S

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The following are a few of the principal useful feature? of
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It is printed in LARGE TYPE.
If a stu(k-ni has to
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in the laii;/aa;ie inserted in al/ihahetical order.
There are upwards of 4100 French Verbs, multiply these verbs by 49 orthographical inoditications necessary for the conjugation of each,
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The New Edition

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Dictionary o the size ever pubhshed.
ral

LONDON

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y^

NEW, PRACTICAL, AND EASY METHOD

OF LEAHNING

THE SPANISH LANGUAGE,

AFTER THE SYSTEM
OF

AHN,

F.

DOCTOB OV rUILOSOrUT AND PE0FES30E AT THE COLLEOB

OF NEUSS.

FIRST COURSE.
F. r.

MOEITZ FOEESTEE,
FSOVSSSOR OV ikHOVJLQUa.

FOBTEENTH EDITION.

LONDOX
ALLMAN &

SON,
[Thi right

67,
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Tianilatim

ii

rutrtd.\

STREET.

IEEE MOEITZ FOEESTEll,

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Attends Schools and
Pupils at
3;

$rr.

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his own Residence,

receives

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"q.

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The marked

success which has attended

Method

"elebrated

Italian, Latin,

and Greek Languages,

testimonials of

which may be seen

Dr. Aha'a

French, German,

in teaching the

(several

hundred

at the Publishers'),

has induced the Editor to adapt the Spanish Course to

the
that

use of
it

is

EngUsh

the

either dead or

students,

being fully convinced

only system by which any language,

modern,

may be

acquired with ease and

facility.

The introduction of
increased

commercial

Colonies of the
that a cheap

West

and

Spain,

and the

with the

Spanish

railroads into

intercourse

Indies, lead the

practical

Editor to think

work on the

Spanislj

Lan-

PEEFACK.

IV

guage

ia

much

required

and

should he

have suc-

ceeded in making the path easy for any single student

in that noble

and expressive language, his purpose

will

have been gained.

London Marcb

''668.

'

CONTENTS.
ORTHOGRAPHY AND PRONUNCIATION.
The Alphabet
The Prouunciation of the
The Accent..
Marks of Punctuation

Letters

Conjugation of the Verb Tener,

/o

/w

Table of the Three Conjugations

..

Observations on the Three Conjugations

..

..

Conjugation of the Auxiliary Verbs Ser and Estar,

o e

..

56
62

..

..66

..

THE IRREGULAR VERBS.

Verbs belonging to the First Conjugation

..

Verbs belonging

to the

Second Conjugation

Verbs belonging

to the

Third Conjugation

Exercises

. .

Phrases

..

English Index
Spanish Index

..

. .

. .

..96
102

. .

83
i^O

..

78

.,

..

..

73

..74

. .

..

..

Grammatical Index

..

. .

..

. .

lU'

NEW METHOD
OP LEAEKING THE

SPANISH LANGUAGE,
ORTHOGRAPHY AND PRONUNCIATION.
1.

THE ALPHABET.

The

Spanish Alphabet
twenty seven letters

is

composed of the following

A, B, C, Ch, D, E, F, G, H,
P, Q, R, S, T.

U, V, X, Y,

I, J,

L, LI,

M, , N, 0,

Z.

the
Rem. (1.) All these letters arc of the^feminine gender
are considered simple
Spanish language.
(2.) Ch, LI, and
letters. (3.) A, E, I, O, U, Y, are vowels ; the remaining letters
are consonants.
(4.) The Spanish language has, properly speaking,
no diphthongs, but in all combinations of vowels each letter has
its proper sound.

2.

THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE LETTERS.

has but one sound in Spanish, and is pronounced

like the a in the English word father.
E has tAvo sounds 1 at the end of words, and when
2. when
followed by n or m, it has a close sound
preceded bv w or followed by r, it has an open sound.
:

METHOD or

ti

I is

LEAENIlG

always pronounced like the English

when followed by another vowel,

it is

e in even

pronounced very

short,

pronounced like the English o in note.

generally sounded as the English oo in the word
boot : but it loses its sound when preceded hy g ox q
and followed by e or i, except when it is marked with a
diaeresis ( ) called crema, where it retains its proper
is

is

sound.

Y
lias

serves as vowel and as consonant

as a vowel it
the sound of the English e in me ; when followed by
;

another vowel, it serves as consonant, and

like the English y in year.

is

pronounced

B is pronounced almost as softly as the English v,

whenever it stands in the middle of a word between
two vowels otherwise it sounds as the English b.
when followed by a
C is sounded as the English
consonant or by one of the vowels, a, o, u. Before e
and i it is pronounced as the English th in thick.
Ch is always sounded as the Enghsh ch in church.
D is pronounced as the English d; when standing
between two vowels or at the end of a word, it is very
;

soft.

is sounded as the English /.

G, whea followed by one of the vowels a, o, w, or a
consonant, is pronounced as the English ff in t/i/t
when followed by 7i, as in the word digno, the g and
Before e and
the 71 are each prorwunced separately.
it is strongly
aspirated, and has a pecuhar guttura'

,-

sound.

H is not souaded.
J is alwav.s a r.onsoua':*
pound.

nnd

I/is

a strongly gutturiu

THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.

is

sounded as the English

/.

LI bas a peculiai* sound, resemblii)g the combined

sound of I and y.
N is sounded as an EngUsh n.
, , sounds nearly like }i followed by y, aa pronounced in the English word vineyard.
P is pronounced as an English p.
Q is always followed by u, and sounded like an English k.

R is pronounced sharply when standing at the beginning of a word or in the middle of a compound
word its sound is less sharp when it is preceded by
another consonant.
S always has the sound of ss.
;

V is sounded as the Enghsh v.

X has, according to the present orthography, only
one sovmd, that of the Enghsh x.
In those words
where it formerly had the guttural sound of the Spanish
g or j,

is

it is

now

replaced by those letters.

as the Enghsh th.

pronounced

THE ACCENT.
There
tlilled
o, u.

is but one accent in the Spanish language,

acento agudo, and placed over the vowels a, e, i,
It serves to lengthen the syllable and to lay the

upon it.
Monosyllables are not accentuated, except where two
words have the same form, but different meanings,
my.
e. g. mi, me; and mi,
Words of two and more
syllables have the accent generally on the last syllable
when ending in a consonant, and on the last but one
syllable when ending in a vowel, and then they are not

stress

marked with

the sign of the accent.

If,

however,

tV".

METHOD or LEAENING
be laid on any other syllable, the acento
placed over the latter.

stress is to

agudo

is

MARKS OF PUNCTUATION.
They are the same in Spanish as in English, and used
in the same manner, except that the mark of exclamation and that of interrogation are put twice, an inverted one at the beginning of the sentence, and another
one at the end of
I

it,

so

and

TUB SrANISH LANGUAGE.

PART

I.

1.

Hermano, brother.
Hermana, ater.

Padre, father.
Madre, mother.

El(^

El padre,

El

lio,

La

tia,

la

'.),

madre.

laf/e.), the.

El hermano,

the uncle.
the aunt.

es

aplicado.

La

(m.),

Chico,

a,

hermana.

buena

small,

Aplicado,
Viejo,

(/.),

yaod

little.

beautiful.

a,

dilic/ent.

a,

a, old.

La madre
La hermana

El padre es bueno.

mano

Bueno

Hermoso,

El libro, the book.

La casa, the house.
Es, is.

es viejo.

la

casa es chica.

es buena.
El heres hermosa.
El tic
El libro es bueno. La tia

es buena.

Rem.

The

is

is old.
The aunt is beautiful. The sister is
The brother is good. The book is small. The
The uncle is good.

beautiful.

Del padre, of the father.

De la madre, of the mother.
El jardin, the garden.
El
El

in gender.

father

diligent.

house

Adjectives agree with the noun

La

flor,

Blanco,

the flower.
white.

a,

Alto, a, high.

rbol, the tree.

Kico, a, rich.

caballo, the horse.

Virtuoso,

El hermano del padre es bueno.

a,

virtuous.

La hermana

dc

METHOD OF LEABNING

12
nindre es virtuosa.

El

La

flor

de

la

hermana

de la he-mana es rico.
Ei
El rbol del jardin es &Ao.
hermosa. La casa del hermano

tio

{aballo del tio es bianco.

es

es chica.

The Lorsc of the uncle is good.

The flower of the
is white.
The sister of the brother is diligent. The
is ricli.
The aunt of the sister is
beautiful.
Tlie house of the father is high.
The brother
prarden

brother of the uncle

the father

ol'

E) hijo,

fie

is

virtuous.

Perdido,

son.

La

!us(.

hija, (he daughter.

El discpulo, the pupil.
VA maestro, the professor.

Recil)ido, received.

Ha, has.

Nuevo, a, new.
Negro, a, hLick.
Y, and.

('nmprado, houyht.
Neiidido, sold.

Leido, read.
Uii, una, a.

Rem. Past participles remain unchanged

verb haber, to have.
El dlscipulo ha leido

mano ha
una

flor.

el libro

recibido un caballo y la

El

tio

when used with

del maestro.

the

El her-

hermana ha recibido
El padre ha

ha comprado un jardin.

vendido una casa. La casa del tio es nueva.

El caballo
padre es negro.
El hijo del tio ha recibido un libro
la
hija
del
El
maestro
maestro
recibido
una
flor.
ha
y
ha comprado un libro.
del

The book of the pupil is good. The house of the father

new. The fatlier has bought the horse of the uncle.
The mother has read the book of the aunt. The uncle has
The son has lost a book. The aunt has
sold a horse.
bought a house. The daughter of the mclher is vixtuoua.
The sister of the pupil is diligent.

is

TII:

SPANISH LANGUAGE.

Al padre, io the father.

A la madre, to the mother.

Bonito,

La

Enviado, sent.

13

a, pretty,

Dado, given.

carta, the letter.

El regalo, the present.

El duro, the dollar.
El amigo, the friend.
La amiga, the female friend.

Escrito, written.

Prometido, promised.

Tambin,

also.

El amigo ha enviado un regalo la amiga.

El padre
ha escrito una carta al tio y el amigo tambin ha escrito
una carta al tio. La tia ha dado un duro al hijo.
El
maestro ha prometido un libro al discpulo.
La madre
ha dado una flor la hija.
La hermana del tio es
bonita.
El hijo ha ledo el libro del padre.
La hija
ha perdido la carta de la madre.
9.

The
book of the professor.
uncle has given a horse to the father. The mother has
promised a present to the daughter. The aunt has sent
The pupil has

lost the

a dollar to the uncle.

The friend (?.) has written a
letter to the friend
The brother of the friend
(/.).
().) is virtuous.
The book of the son is new. The
In-other has given a book to the sister.
10.
de, of;

Hallado, /unrf.
(,'onocido,

known.

El perro, the dug.

El sombrero, the hat
La pluma, the pen.

blijcct is

El higo, thejiij.
Mi, mij.

Tu,
Su,

tliy.

his,

her

used with nouns mase, and fem. ('.,

serves likewise as mark of the accusative if the
a person ; instead of a el is said at, as instead of de el,

Hem. (L) mi,

The preposition
el.

, to.

La pera, /Ac j^ear.

La manzana, the apple.

Vislo, ieen.

tu, su, are

li

METHOD OF LEAENIKG

14

El padre ha visto el perro de mi amigo. La tia ha

dado una pera su hijo. El maestro ha prometido un
Mi amigo ha hallado el sombrero
de su amiga.
El amigo de tu hermano ha visto mi
tio.
Mi padre ha conocido tu maestro. El hijo ha
recibido una manzana y un higo.
El tio de la hija ha
dado una pluma al hermano. El perro de mi tia es
libro su discpulo.

viejo.

11.

Thy

My

has given a flower to her friend (/.).

uncle
brother has given a dog to his friend (hi.).
has written a letter to thy aunt. Tlie pupil has found his
The father has seen his daughter. My mother
frofessor.
as known thy aunt.
Tlie mother has given an apple, a
pear, and a fig to her daughter.
The son has sent a
present to his sister.
The friend (/.) is pretty and
sister

My

virtuous.

IL.
Elvecino,lavecina,/Ae><(///ou/\

El jardinero, the gardener.

El primo, la prima, fhe cousm.
El criado, la criada, Ihe servant.
Nuestro, a, our.
Vuestro, a, your.

Espaol,
Fiances,

a,
a,

Spanish.
French.

Ingles, a, English.

Alemn,

a,

German.

Tornado, taken.

Comido,

eaten.

Su, their.

La criada de tu tia
El vecino de mi amigo es ingles.
La
El maestro de su hijo es alemn.
\miga de mi hermana es espaola. El primo ha enviado

duro
una carta la prima. Vuestra tia ha dado un
un vecino. Nuestro hermano ha tomado la pluma de
El hijo ha comido una pera y un higo tambin.
su tio.

es francesa.

Mi hermana ha hallado k su amiga. Mi padre ha visto

El caballo es negro y viejo.
k vueKiro criado.

THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.

15

13.

My neighbour

Frencli {lady). The friend of

The professor of his son is (a)
(/.) is beautiful and
diligent.
Thy friend is (aw) Enojlish {lady). Your father
has given a dollar to your servant.
The cousin (.) of
our friend has eaten an apple. Our uncle has seen your
cousin {m.) and your sister. The gardener has sold a
flower to my sister.

my

brother
Spaniard.

(/.) is (a)

is (a)

The

German.

sister of

our cousin

M.
La

Los padres, the fathers.

Las madres, the molliers.
El gato, the cat.
El nio, the child.
El hombre, the man.
La muger, the woman.
La ventana, the window.

La

(L)

The

a,

ripe.

a,

yellow.

Holands, a, Dutch.
Siempre, always.
No, not.

Han, {they) have.

Son, {they) are.

puerta, the door.

Rem.

rosa, the rose.

Maduro,

Amarillo,

formed by adding an s to all those

words that end in an unaccentuated vowel, and by adding the
syllable es to those that end in an accentuated vowel, in a conplural

is

sonant or in y.
(2.) unos, unas, the plural of un, una, is used
in the sense of a few; the word some is generally not translated in
Spanish.

Los padres son buenos, las madres son buenas. Mis

vecinos han perdido sus nios.
Los discpulos no son
siempre aplicados.
Los jardineros han vendido sus
flores.
Mi hermana ha visto unas amigas. Vuestros
pi'imos han comido los higos de sus hermanos.
Los
rboles son altos.
Las ventanas son amarillas. Los
gatos y los perros de mis tios son negros.
Los holandeses son ricos.
Los hombres son virtuosos y as
mugeres son hermosas.
15.

My
sisters

Frenchmen, and the friends (/.) of my

are EngUsh.
Your neighbours (f.) have seen
B 2

friends are

lb

METHOD or

lEAllIilXa

the children of our aunt. Our sisters have given a few

apples to the sons of our uncle. Our professor has bought
Home books. The gardeners have lost their cats and dogs.
Your cousins (m.) are not always virtuous. The Dutch
have given a few dollars to the French. The doors are
small, and the windows are also small.
The roses are
flowers.
The men have found the women.
16.

TABLE, SHOWINO THE DECLENSION" OF THE ARTICLE,

THE bPAKISH LANGUAGE.

17

change the former into g and the latter info c. (2.) Words o
more than one syllable, and ending in s and z, remain unaltered in
the plural, if their last syllable is unaccentuated.
A few
(3.)
words ending in e and add in the plural only an s, against the

general rule, e.g. los sofas, the sofas,

pies, the feet.

los

El agua es fra. Nuevos reyes, nuevas lej^es.

Los
Mis vecinos son felices. El tio de tu
amigo ba visto muchos franceses en la ciudad. Las
reinas no son siempre hermosas.
Nuestros vecinos han
comprado unos reloges y unos sofs en la ciudad. El
padre ha comprado un libro para sus nios.
Los
jardineros han vendido muchas flores.
Pedro ha
hallado Juan en el jardin.
perdido
Juan ha
una
pluma de Pedro.
jueces son justos.

18.

The king

given a few Jaws for tlie judges. The kings

are not always happy.
The neighbour of our friends has
lost his children in the town.
His uncle has bought many
watches. The horses of the English ai-e good. The gardener has given many flowers to thy sisters. The judges
of our king arc just.
John has seen Peter in the town.
lias

19.

Yo

tengo,

t tienes,
l, ella,

tiene,

nosotros tenemos,
vosotros tenis,
ellos, eUas tienen,

/ have,
thou hast,
he has, she hai,

we

have,
have,

ijoii

theij

have.

Rem. (1.) The verb I have, &c. when it means I am in po3session of, is rendered in Spanish by yo tengo, &c.
(2.) The personal pronouns yo, t, &c. may be missed in Spanish.

El abuelo, the grandfather.

La abuela, the grandmother.
El cuarto, the room.
La mesa, the table.

La cuchara,

Yo

tengo

the spoon.

un

reloj

El oro, U.e gold.

La

plata, the silver

Feo,

a, iiglg.

Rotundo, a, round.
Hay, there is, there are.

de oro y una cuchara de plata.

METHOD OF XEAENING

18

madre tiene una hermosa mesa. Hay una mesa rotunda

en el cuarto de mi tia. Tienes tambin una mesa ? Las
ventanas amarillas del cuarto de vuestro abuelo sen
chicas.
Hay muchos maestros franceses en la ciudad.
Nuestros hermanos han vendido unos feos perros.
Tenis una buena pluma y vuestros amigos tienen un
hermoso caballo blanco. Tus primos son ricos ; tieneti
muchos duros. Vuestro padre tiene un jardin y una
casa ? Tenemos buenos padres y buenas madres.

An

may either precede or follow the substanbelongs, but adjectives denoting colour, shape,
and those derived from the names of nations,
countries, and cities, are generally placed after their substantives.
Rem.

tive

adjective

to which

it

dignity, or character,

20.

My

Thou

brother
hast a good aunt and virtuous sisters.
has a black dog. Your cousins have a white horse and a
yellovr house.
German professor has bought many
English books in the town. The laws of the new king arc
good.
friend has a silver watch, and my aunts have
golden spoons. She has a few ripe apples, and he has a
tree in his garden.
Their grandmother has a round tabic
in a yellow room.
Hast thou a good pen P There ar.^
many Spaniards in the town.

My

My

21.
asi

conio0-.

tan

comt10,

Menos, less.
Mas, more.

Muy,

very.

Hem.

Adjectives

same form

n, r, *, t,

either

form

for both genders.

e, {,

a.

a,

/lard

Caro, a, dear.
t til, useful.
El nuestro, la nuestra, ours.
El vuestro, )a vuestra, yours.
Cortes, polite.
Descorts, uncivil.

mas, rmwh more.

Que, thari.
El hierro, iron.
El plomo, lead.

(,

/
Duro,

Muy

ilic

their feminine in a, or they havf

The

latter are

mostly ending

in

TlIK 3PAII8H LANGTJAGE.

IJ

Mi amigo ha perdido una pluma muy buena. Tu

hermana es asi hermosa como virtuosa. Nuestro caballo
El hierro es mas duro
es tan bueno como el vuestro.
El oro es muy mas caro que la plata.
menos rico que tu tio. Vuestra hermana
La amiga de tu tia es
es asi corts como la nuestra.
feliz. Son i'itiles vuestros libros ? Son mas tiles que los
vuestros.
Tienes un caballo muy hermoso.

que

Mi

el

plomo.

vecino es

22.

more useful than silver. Gold is dearer than

lead.
Your gold watcli is more beautiful than ours. Hia
cousin is very uncivU. The daughter of your aunt is as
polite as our sister.
You have a very useful book, and
he has a pretty dog. Have we a golden spoon and a silver
watch P The French are less rich than the Dutcli. Thy
Iron

is

grandfather

as

is

happy as yours.
as your cousins.

Our grandmotlier is as
old as ours.
The sons of our neighbour are as diligent
Peter is more polite than John.
2.3.

Yo

he,

t has,
l,

ella ha,

nosotros hemos,
vosotros habis,
ellos, ellas han,
Rem.

When the verb

accompanied by a past
he, &c.

El ao, the

have, &c.

participle,

i/car.

El mes, fie month.

El dia, the daij.
La semana, the week,

it is

hace,
thou hast,
he, she has,
tve have,

you have,
t/iei/

have.

an auxiliary veil), and

rendered in Spanish by yo
is

Diciembre, December,
El Sbado, Saturday.
El Domingo, iSunday
Francia, France.

La

historia, the Ithtory.

El consejo, the advice.

I'iel,

Enero, January,

Tasado,

faithful-

I'also, &, false.

a,

past.

METHOD OF LEAENINO

20

Ninguno, a, none.
Uno, a, a, one.

0, or.

Fu,

tvas.

Malo, a, bad.
Alguno, a, any, plural, some.

Primero,
Tercero,

Pobticro,

a,

a,

the first.

a,

the third.

the last.

Rem. The adjectives malo, &c. lose the final o before masculines.
Instead of grande (great) is said gran before words beghining with
it refers to bodily greatness.

i consonant, unless

Enero es el primer mes del ao y Sbado es el

postrer dia de la semana.
Luis Felipe fu el postrer
rey de Francia.
He leido el tercer libro de la historia
de Francia. Has visto mi jardn ? T has conocido
mi madre y el ha conocido mi padre.
No he hallado
ningn hombre en el jardin. Habis recibido un gran
1 Hemos comido algunas peras y algunas manzanas tambin.
Ellos han dado un mal consejo sus
amigos. Has enviado la carta tu tio tu tia 1
Hemos visto algunos caballos muy hermosos en la ciudad.
Nuestros gatos son muy mas falsos que los vuestros.
Mi amigo ha perdido un perro asi bonito como fiel.
Algn hombre ha comprado la casa de mi padre. Has
visto mi primo y mi prima ? l ha enviado un gran
regalo mi hermana y ella ha escrito una carta mi
regalo

madre.
2A.

Have you

My

written a letter to your cousins ?

sisters
have found some white flowers in the (tarden. They (f.)
have boug;ht some silver spoons and tliey {m.) have sold
some sold watches. He has lost a new hat, and she has
found a dollar. Sunday is the first day of the week, and
December is the hist month of the year. Tuesday (Martes)
IMy brother has given a bad
is the third day of the week.
advice to his cousin.
Have you seen my father or my
mother? The dogs are more faithful than the cats. The
cats are very false.
There is a great house and a great
Have you known the uncle of my
tree in our garden.
friend? No, (no,) but {mas) I have known his aunt.

TUB SPANlsn LA^G^AO^.

El caballero, the gentleman

El monte, the mountain.

Pequeo,

La

Fr\,ferlle.

a, littl.

Sljio, a, uiie.

calle, thi street.

El campo, the field.

El dinero, money.
El heroe, the hero.

La lengua,

21

Tcil, easij.

Difcil, difficult.

Fuerte, Ijrave.

spero, rough.
Clebre, renowned.
Magnfico, magnificent.

the langunr/e

y\ general, the general.

El palacio, the palace.
Elegante, elegant.

Benfico, beneficent.

Amable, amiable.
Ese,

Este, a, pi. estos, as, this^ these.

Rem.

a, pi. esos, as, that, those.

The absolute

superlative ue;-y fi?ie, most fine, &c., may

be expressed in Spanish either by means of the adverbs, mity and
harto, placed before the adjectives, or by means of certain final

syllables. (1.) Adjectives ending in a vowel mostly change this

vowel into isimo {alto, altsimo).
(2.) Those adjectives that have
an t before the final o, drop the i; except frio, cold, and pio,
lious ! these two retain the radical i.
(3.) If an adjective is
ending in a consonant, the syllables isimo are joined immediately
to that consonant.
(4.) Adjectives ending in hie, change tliis

(.) Those ending in z, go, orco, change the

the g into gu, and the c into qu, and take the ending isimo.
(6.) Adjectives ending in il, mostly take the ending imo.
(7.) And
those ending in ^co, change these syllables into ficenltsimo.
(8.)

syllable into bili'simo.

z into

c,

Mostadjectives ending in re and ro, change this syllable into rrimo.

(9.) Lastly,

some

adjectives change their radical vowel in forming

the superlative.

Hercules fu un
La lengua Espaola es facllnia.
Job fu uu hombre riqusimo {rico).
hroe fortsimo.
Ella ha dado un bonsimo {bueno) consejo su amiga
El rey tiene
Este caballero es un general celebrrimo.
un palacio magnificentsimo. Mis vecinos han comMis amigos tienen un
prado una casa muy pequea.
Hay muchas ciudades hermoperro fidelsimo {fiel).
Esta agua es frisima. Tu prima
ssimas en Francia.
He recibido muchsimo dinero. Los
es amabilsima.
Los holandeses son riqusimos
Alpes sou altsimos.

Mi

vecino es

hombre

felicsimo.

Hemos

visf^

unos

METHOD OF LEAEKING

'i2

campos muy

fc'rtiles.
Tienes una hermana hermossima y cortessima.
Este caballero es muy elegante.
Mi madre ha comprado
Esos montes son asprrimos.
un jardin hermossimo. Socrates fu muy sabio.

26.

room a very

great table and a most

Paris is a most beautiful town. France
beautiful sofa.
have very mauy
a most fertile country {el pais).
The king is very beneficent and the
trees in our garden.
servant
is
very
faithful.
These
pious.
queen is very
Englishmen are very rich. Those Frenchmen are very

There

is

in the

We

is

My

The German language is very difficult. The

houses in that street are very high. Napoleon was a very
renowned general. The windows of that palace are very
small.
He has given very bad advice to my brother.
The books of your father are very good. The cats aro
very false. The king has sent a most magnificent present
Your aunt is very beneficent.
to the queen.
polite.

27.

Yo hube, I
T hubiste,

had.
tko2i

hadst.

l, ella hubo, he, she had.

Nosotros hubimos, ive had.

Vosotros hubisteis, you had.
Ellos, ellas, hubieron, they had.
El cucliillo, the knife.
El tenedor, the fork.

La

accin, the action, deed.

El principe, the prince.

El mundo, the world.
El plan, the jdan.
Desgraciado, a, unfortunate.
Todo, a, all.

Eem.

The

Ingrato,

a,

ungrateful.

El leon, the lion.

El animal, the animal.
Noble, noble.
Hecho, made, done.
Hernando, Ferdinand.
Enrique, Henry.
Carlos, Charles.

relative superlative, the

most fine, the finest, &c.,

is

cxjnessed in Spanish either by placing the definite article before

TUE SPANISK LANGUAi:.

23

the absolute supsrlative ending in imo (cfr. n. 25), or by placing

the definite article before tlie comparative {el ma%
The least
).
is rendered in Spanish by el, la, or lo menos.

Hernando

es el

hermossimo de estos hermanos.

Na-

el grandsimo principe del mundo. Mi primo

mas desgraciado de todos los hombres. Esamuger
hubo hecho la mas ingrata accin. Los ingleses son
los riqusimos hombres del mundo.
El len es el mas
noble de todos los animales.
Enrique hubo perdido
Hubimos comprado algunos
el libro de su maestro.

^.oleon fu
es el

y vosotros hubisteis vendido uno?

el menos corte's de la
Las mugeres mas pas no son siempre las mas

cuchillos bonsimos

tenedores.

ciudad.
virtuosas.

Este caballero es

La

casa de

mi

tia es la

mas

alta

de la calle

y la mas hermosa en toda la ciudad. Carlos es el menos

bueno de estos discpulos. Hernando y Enrique hubie'ron perdido sus libros y su hermana hubo hallado
un cuchillo. Socrates fu el mas sabio de todos los
hombres. Ella es la mas hermosa muger.

28.

I have seen the most beautiful horses in the town. Thy

uncle is the most beneficent of all men, and my aunt is the
most happy of all women. Your brother is the most dilineighbour
gent of all the pupils of our professor.

My

had bought some most beautiful

silver

forks.

Had you

seen the flowers in my garden ? Yes {si), and we had also

seen the trees. "The horse is the most useful of animals.
had read your letter and you had read our book.
Thou hadst done a very good action. That plan is the
worst of all plans. Wellington was the most renowned
These Dutchmen are the richest men in
of all generals.
the town. She had received a present. The gardener had
sold these flowers to my sister.
Henry is the wisest of
thepe brothers.

We

24

MlTUOD OF LEAUINO

29.

Yo

habia,

I had.

t habas, thou hadst.

ella habia, he, she had.
nosotros habamos, ive had.
vosotros habais, ijou had.
l,

ellos, ellas

La

hablan, theij had.

seora, ihe lady.

El talento, the talent.

El oficio, ihe profession.

El pintor, the painter.

La clase, the class.

La fruta, the fruit.
La Espaa, Spain.

Ullinio,

El

EI estudiante, the student.

Otro,

baile, the ball.

El duque, the duke.

La duquesa, the duchess.

La diferencia, the difference.

a,

other.
a, last.

Vencido, beaten, vantjuished.

Q"fi, who, whom, tvhich, xvhat.
Aunque, allhowjh.

La

idea, the idea.

El enemigo, the enemy.

Eem.

The following adjectives

bueno, good, malo, bad, grande,

(/real, and pequeo, little, form their comparatives and superlatives

either in accordance to the general rules {cfr. n. 21, 25, 27), or in

this

manner:
bueno, mejor, ptimo ;
malo, peor, psimo ;
grande, mayor, mximo
pequeo, minor, mnimo.
these may be added the comparatives and superlatives
superior, superior, higher,
supremo, sumo, highest.
;

To

inferior, inferior, lower,

nfimo, lowest, least.

Mi hermana mayor es muy aplicada. Habia reciba o

una carta de mi hermano menor. Esta seora, aunque
superior en talento las otras, es la ltima discipula de
la clase mas nfima.
Habamos comido algunos higos.
La Espaa tiene los mejores frutas de todos los pases.
Este consejo es el ptimo de todos los consejos que haEse hombre ha hecho una pe'sima accin
ban dado.
Juan es el ptimo
Que diferencia es de Juan Pedro 1
Que
discpulo de mi maestro y Pedro es el psimo.
oficio tienen tus hermanos.
El uno es pintor y el otro

SPANISH LANGUAGE.

lii

El criado

es estudiante.

25

perdido la carta que habia

lia

Hemos comido las frutas que habamos comrecibido.

El
Has hallado el libro que hablas perdido ?
iu el general que habia vencido los enemigos de su
prado.

Ese rey fu

pais.

el

mejor rey que

la

Espaa habia

visto.

30.

My elder sister has found my

younger sister in the garThese pears are better than those which I had seen
The
sent
duke has
a most magnificent prein the town.
sent to the duchess. In this street are the best houses of
the town. My cousin (/! ) has found the book which she
had lost. What have you seen ? We have seen the horse
which my uncle had bought. I have read the letter wliich
thou hadst written to my brother. The king has made a
present to the general who had beaten tlie enemies. Henry
Although inferior in
is the last pupil in the highest class.
talent, he is the most diligent pupil.
This ungrateful son
has done a very bad action. His ideas are the worst of
den.

the world.
31.

Rem.

Certain

syllables,

when added

ives, serve to increase or to lessen their

,;e tlie

azo, a; onazo, a

The diminutive
illo,

substantives or adjec-

to

meaning. The following

augmentative syllables

ejo, a

cilio,

ete

achon, a

asco, a;

syllables are these

ico, a

ito,

on,

ona

ote.

cico, a

uelo,

zuelo,

are especially used as terms of endearment

of contempt.

La hermanita, llie little sister.

La mesita, the little table.
La carita, the little face.
:.a

boquita, the

ino, a.

The diminutives

little

La manecila, the

little

mouth.
hand.

El angelito, the little angel.

El hombrecillo, the little matu
El ladroncillo, the little thief.
LI capote, the cloak.
El jardinito, the little garden.

or

METHOD OF LEAHNING

26

La florecita, the little flower.

Rodeado, a, surrounded.
Adornado, a, adorned.
Sentado, a, sealed.
En, at.
Con, lith.
Detras de, behind.
Redondito, a, round.
Parece, he, she looks like.
Rubio, a, red.
Hoy, to-day.
Chiquito, a, smaU, Utile.
El hombrezuelo, the little man.
El arbolito, the little tree.
EI regalito, the little present.

La

caaita, thelittle

houw.

Slito, a, alone.

Hoy he

visto

k tu hermanita toda

slita,

sentada en

una mesita con su carita redondita, su boquita rubia,

y sus manecitas tan chiquitas parece un angelito. Ese
hombrecillo con su capote negro parece un ladroncillo.
Detras de la casita de ese hombrezuelo hay un jardinito
rodeado de unos arbolitos verdes y adornado de algunas
Mi hermanita ha recibido un regalito.
florecitas.
;

32.
The
The

little girl,
little

la

room,

muchachita.

el cuartito.

T/ie little creature, el animalito.

T/ic

Occupied, ocupado, a.

little

{dear) mother,

painter, el pintorcillo.
lad, el mozalbillo.
little author, el autorcillo

The little
The arm,
The little

little lane,

The

little

Yesterday, ayer.
Full, lleno, a.

little

la callejuela.

dog, el perrito.

la ni

drecita.

The
The
The
The

basket, el canastillo.
el

brazo.

brother, el hermanito.

Yesterday I found these little girls occupied in their

little room.
That lad is a little author whom I liave seen
in a little house of one of those little lanes.
Hast thou
seen my little dog ?
Is it not a pretty little creature?

My

What

is that little man ?

little
He is a little painter.
brother has found thy little sister in tlie little garden with
little
basket
in
a
her arm, full of little flowers. Have you

found your

little

mother?
33.

EI estruendo,

El caa-jnazo, the eaMnon

El

Disparate, nomnise.

the noise.
pistoletazo, f^ pistol-shut.

ihof.

27

rUE SPANISH LANGTJAQl,

El escopetazo, the gun

Ni
El
El
El
El
El

ni, neither.

sJwt.
.

musket

fusilazo, the

hombrachon,

nor.

shot.

the big

man.

seorn, the great gentleman.

ricachn, the very rich man.

muchachon,

the big

low.

El picaron, the great

La mocctona, the strong girl.

La mucliachona, the big girl.
Oido, heard.
Sido, been.
Si, yes.

Disparado, discharged.

young fel- Matado, killed,

Aqui, here.

thief.

La

perdiz, the partridge.

Aquel, aquella,

this.

The

Spaniards have two ways of addressing a person :

relations and intimate friends are usually addressed by <?<, if it is
one person, and by vosotros, if several persons are addressed in all
other cases they use the word Usted (generally abbreviated Vmd.
or Vm.) in addressing one person, and Ustedes (abbr, Vms. or
Vmds,) in addressing several persons. The English word your is
Respecting the verb, the word
then expressed by su, pi, sus.
Usted is followed by the third person singular, and Ustedes by the
third person plural. If the verb is accompanied by an adjective, the
number and gender of the latter must agree with the number and
the sex of the person or persons addressed,

Rem.

Ha

Vm. ese estruendo 1 S, ha sido un pistoNo, es un caonazo.

Que disparate es un
No, es ni uno ni otro, es un fusilazo, que
ha disparado ese hombrachon y que ha matado una perdiz. Ese seorn, que Vmd. ha visto ayer en la ciudad,

oido

letazo.

escopetazo.

un ricachn. Este muchachon parece un picaron.

Que muchachona es aquella 1 Esa mocetona que he

es

visto aqui, es su criada de

Tlie thrust

The stab

with a lance, el lanzazo.

a poniard, la puna-

tvith

lada.

The cut tvith a sword, el sablazo,

The blotv with a stick, el bastonazo.

Vmd

The big man, el hombronazo

The big head, CShezou,
The pumpkin, la calabaza,
The fight, el combate,
The big dog, el perrazo.

Between, entre.

Have you heard

that pistol shot ? I have received a

thrust with a lance, ray brother has received a stab with a

METHOD OF LEARNING

28

poniard, ray cousin a cut with a sworJ, and our friend

a blow with a stick. What big man is tliis P He is a
great gentleman. Yesterday I saw a fight between some
Have you seen that big man with a big head
big dogs.
that looks like a pumpkin P This big young fellow is your
servant ?

35.
aoy, I am.

..

t eres, thou art.

he, she is.
nos. somos, tve are.

l, ella es,

vos. sois,

you are.

ellos, ellas son,

the

Tan

ns
as
,cuan
Cuanto (or mientras) mas- -tanto
the more,
the more.
mas,
Cuanto menos,
tanto menos,
,

less,

the

they are.
Joven,

La

less.

fouth.

Ocioso, a, idle,
Instructivo, a, instrucUve,
Pernicioso, injurious.
sod, the thirst.

Bebo, {he) drinks.

"Prdigo, a, prodiffal.
a, avaricious.

Avaro,

Vano,

El deseo,

Vrwawic, prtidcnt.
Ingenio, genius.

La

the wish,
dicha, the happiness.

a, vain.

Contento, contented,

Cuauto mas aplicado es aquel joven, tanto mas ocioso

es su hermano. Cuanto me'nos deseos, tanto mas dicha.
Cuanto mas instructivos son los buenos libros tanto mas
perniciosos son los malos.
tio,

tanto

mas avara

y hombre que

es tu

Vm. Mas

Mientras mas prdigo es tu

es mas caballero
menos ingenio. Cuanto

hermana. El

dinero,

mas contentos sois. Tu herMi prima es mar

joven {young) y amable que mi primo, pero es menos
sabia y prudente.
Tu eres menos rico que tu tio, pero
eres mas benfico.
Cuanto mas aplicados smo.'i nosotros tanto mas ociosos sois vosotros.
menos deseos

mana

es

tenis, tanto

tan hermosa cuan vana.

TUB SPANISH LANGUAGE,

29

36.
Beautiful, LoUo,

a.

As, como.
As much, as, tanto, comoentendimiento.
Ignorant, ignorante.
The ship, el navio.
Strong, tuerte.
Commerce, el comercio,
Intcllect,

War, la guerra.
Bcstiucthx, destructivo, a.
The power, el poder,
{The) riches, las riquezas.
The

sciences, las ciencias.

Precious, precioso, a.

At

least,

lo

menos,

lappii, dichoso, a.

The sciences are more precious than riches. {The) commerce is not less useful than {the) war is destructive. The
duke has as much money as power. Your sister is (asi

Thou art as vain as ignorant.

beautiful as a flower.
Charles has as much intellect as his brother. Their ships
The more
are stronger, or at least as strong as ours.
wishes we have, the less happy we are. The more contented you are, the more happy you are. The more ignoThe more he
rant thou art, the less diligent thou art.
Our friend has as much
drinks, the greater is his thirst.
faithful
the
dogs
are, the
The
more
genius as money.
better they are. The more money you have, the more
avaricious and the less beneficent you are.

37.

THE cahdinal numerals.

1

uno,

a.

2. dos.

13. trece.
14. catorce.

3. tres.

15. quince,

4. cuatro,

16. diez

5. einco.

6. seis.

7.

diez

18, diez

y seis.
y siete,
y ocho,
y nueve.

7. siete.

19, diez

8. ocho.

20, veinte,

9.

nueve.

veinte

y uno,

a.

10. diez,

22, veinte y dos, &c.

11. once,

30. treinta,

12. doce.

40. cuarenta.

c 3

30

METHOD or LEARNING
50

THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.

The public icalk, tl pasco,

The square, la plaza.
The bridge, el puente.
The markcl-jjlace, el mercado.
The prison, la prisin.
The theatre, el teatro.
The church, la iglesia.
The synayogm, la sinagoga.

31

38.
The cemcterg, el cimenterio.
The hospital, el hospital.
Several, diversos, as.

The

library, la bibliotec

Departed, partido.
Slept, dormido.
Died (part.), muerto.
Till, until, hasta.

My

brother has bought six pens and two books. In.

Paris there are 26,860 houses, 1119 streets, 32 pubHc walke,
87 squares, 56 gates {puertas), 23 bridges, 29 marketplaces, 11 prisons, 12 palaces, 18 theatres, 38 churches,
4 synagogues, 25 hospitals, 68 cemeteries, and several
libraries.
I have received a letter this morning at ten
o'clock.
The mother of my friend {has) died on the 15th
of July, at five o'clock in the afternoon.
father {has) departed on the 18th of January. What o'clock is it ? It has
It is going to strike a quarter
just struck eleven o'clock.
to four.
It has struck one.
It is half-past six.
Yesterday I {have) slept from a quarter past seven o'clock till
midnight.
The twenty-ninth of November in the year
1857. I have bought a horse for (por) a hundred dollars

My

39.

THE ORDINAL NUIMKRALS.

1st.

METirOD OF LEAENINa

32
80tli.

octogsimo,

DOtli.

nonagsimo,

100th.
200th.
300th.
400th.

centesimo,

a.
a.

a.

ducentsimo,

a.

trecentsimo,

a.

cuadringentsimo, a.

A mano

rombrado, calkd.
Santo,

Muri,

500th. quingentsimo, a,
600th. sescentsimo, a,
700th. septingentsimo, a.
800th. octogentsimo, a.
900th. nonagentsimo, a.
1000th. milsimo, a.
1000,000th. niilloii8mo,a.

(/ie)

izquierda,

died.

1,0.

y^ga., the

the

left

plain:

Asesinado, assassinated.
Por, by, throuyh.
Decapitado, beheaded.

La

Londres, London,
Martes, Tuesday.

RoniUanic, send back

Lu

Olvidado, forgotten.
Prestado, lent.

legua, the mile.

Largo,
Ancho,

lony.
a, bi'oad.
to

me.

LI cao, the cane.

parte, the part.

capitn, the captuiiL rjcncral.

El
El hecho, the

oit

hand.

a, holy,

fact.

Indicado, noted.

El lugar,

the place.

La liicha,

the battle.

Contra, against.

Rem. The adverbs first, secondly, &c., may be expressed in

Spanish either by the ordinals jmmo, segundo, &c., used as adverbs,
or by changing their final o into ament, primeramente ; or, lastly,
by such phrases as en segundo lugar, in the second place, &c.

Faramundo fu el
EI primer hombre fu Adn.
Luis nono fu nombrado el
primer rey de Francia.
Remtame Vmd. primo los dos libros que he
santo.
olvidado en su casa, en segundo lugar mi cao, y terceramente los dos mil y quinientos duros que he prestado Vmd.
Esta vega tiene ocho leguas de largo y
Eurique cuarto fu asesinado por F.
cuatro de ancho.
Ravaillac, el catorce de Mayo mil seiscientos y diez.
Martes es el tercer dia de la semana. Dos es la quinta
Un dia es la sptima parte de una separte de diez.
mana, y una semana es la cuarta parte de un mes. Enrique segundo, rey de Francia, muri en una lucha contra

uno de sus nobles

caballeros.

TUE SPANISH LANGUAGE.

83

40.

Charles the Fh'st, king of England {Inglaternt), was beeousin is very

headed in London in the year 1649.
I am the second-,
diligent he is the first in {dc) the class
thou art the third ; Charles is the fourth Henry is the
fifth
Peter is the sixth John is the ninth, and Ferdinand
month
is the last.
Five is the fourth part of twenty.
Saturday is the seventh
is the twelfth part of a year.
day of the week. Give me {Dme Umd.) first the book
which I have lent you, secondly the pears which you have
bought to-day, and thirdly, my hat. Charles the Twelfth,
king of Sweden (Siiccia), was a great general. Louis
XVI. died on the 21st of January, 1793. This fact is
house
noted in the twentieth book of this history.
Four
is the third in the second street on the left hand.
is the fifteenth part of sixty.

My

My

Rem. (1 .) The expressions iivo by two, three and three, &c. are rendered in Spanisli in this manner de dos en dos, de tres en tres, &c,
one by one, is uno d uno or sendos (single).
(2.) The multiplicative
trqjle,
numbers are these ; simple, single doble, or duplo, double
:

gunfiiplo, .5-fold; sxtiq)lo, 6-fbld

sptreble; cudruj}lo, i-ol
tuplo, 7-fold; ctuplo, 8-fold; de'cicplo, 10-fold, &c.
(3.) The expressions, once, twice, three times, &c., are rendered in Spanish by
una vez, dos veces, tres veces, cuatro veces, &c, (4.) The collective
numbers are these: nn par, a pair; una octava, a number of 8 ;
;

una novena, a n. of 9
una decena, (dccada), an. of 10 una doa. ozon
una vicntena, a score; xoia centena, &c. They are
formed by changing the final vowel of the cardinal numbers into
mitad (f.), a half ; medio, a,
cna.
(5.) The partitive numbers are
half; uno (a) y medio (a), one and a half ; un tercio, a third ; mv.
;

cena,

cuarto, a quarter,

Sec.

41.

THE PEESONAL PliONOUKS.

1.

Yo,

Yo,

De

/.

mi, of me.

/.

Plural.

Shi(ular.

iXosotro?, as, we.

De

nosotros, as, uj

vs.

METHOD or LEAENTNO

.^4

Singular.

Plural.

A nosotros,

mi, (me), to me.

Me, m, (me), me.

2.

T, thou.

T, thou.

De

ti,

Vosotros, as, you.

De

of thee.
(te), thee.

ti,

3.

De

El, he.
Ellos, ^ey.

l, (le),

l,

De

of him.

l,

to him.

4.

lo8,>

Ella, sAe.
Ellas, they.

De

De

o/ her.

ella,

them.

Ellos, ellos, (los,

(le), hiin.

l,

of them.

ellos,

ellos, (les), to

Ella, A^.

as, (vos), to you.

[] vosotros, as, (vos), you.

l, he.

vosotros, as, of you.

A vosotros,

to thee.

ti, (te),

Te,

as^ (nos), to us.

[] nosotros, as, (nos), us.

ella, (le), to her.

ellas,

Ellas,

Ella, ella, (la), her.

o/ Mew.

ellas, (les), to

eUas,

them.

(las,

them
b.

Ello, lo,

De

de

ello,

ello,

Kilo, lo,

Ello,

lo,

(No

of it.

it.

Si.

himself of herself of themselves.

(se), to himself, to herself to themselves.

si, o/"

si,

Se,

plural.)

lo, to it.

t.

De

iV.

it.

(k

si,

(se), hitnself herself, themselves.

las),

TUE SPANISH LAJiOUAGB.

Sem. (1.)

30

placed between brackets,

), can be used only in connexion with verbs ; they are called
(
Often
cotijimciive pro>wuns, the xest a.vc called ahsohite pronouns.
the conj, and abs, pronouns are used at the same time ; e. g. m
me pareci, it appeared to me ; ti te lo toca, it concerns thee.
(2.) Instead oi con mi, con it, con si, is said conmigo, contigo, consigo.
(3.) Instead of entre t y m, may be Sxentre t. yo; the word y,
and, being changed into , whenever it stands before a word commencing with /, y, or hi. (4.) If a verb governs two different pronouns of the third person, both beginning with I, and following
each other immediately, the pronoun se is used instead of the dative le or les ; sometimes tlie pronoun or substantivo, represented
by se, is used in addition, e. g, mi criado se lo dar l, my servant
will give it him.

Those pronouns

El placer, the pleasure,

EI dueo, the master, lord.

La

if'odido, been able.

Proseguido, incrsued.
Alcanzado, overtaken.
Igual, equal, the same.

tierra, the earth, land.

El zapato,
El soldado,
El animal,

wliicli are

the boot.
the soldier.
the animal, beast.

Sin, ivithoiit.
Di (imper.), say.
(imperat.), give.

jMiedo, fear.
El ladrn, the robber.

Va, goes.

El sueldo, the salary.

Nada, nothing,
Eobado, robbed.

Llevando, carrying.

Querido, loved.
Sacado, led.
Respondido, answered.

Llevo, I carry, have.

Dios, Ood.
S, I hiow.

Mandado, commanded.

Dicho, said.

Cumplir con, to fulfil.

Comer, to eat.

Amo,

Pedido, ashed, demanded.

Me
rido

han robado.
mas que t.

master.

no tengo placer. Le he queSoy el dueo tu Dios, que te ha

de Egipto.
Dime la hora que es.
{how are yon ?) Yo se lo he resSin

sacado de la tierra
I Como te va t ?
pondido. Tienes dos zapatos, dselos la criada. A t
te toca mas que le toca l.
m me parece muy
hermosa. Los soldados le han robado ella algunos
animales.
Sus criados le han pedido sus sueldos y l
no ha podido drselos.
Nosotros los hemos visto.
No he oido nada de ellos. Les he escrito tres carta
Todo ello me es igual. T has de cumplir con lo que

METHOD or LEAENING

36

mandado.

Estas cartas son de mi hermano

las
Le recibido lioy. Dimelo. Dame de comer. He comprado un reloj para drsele Vm. Yo no s como no
tienes miedo de los ladrones llevando siempre tanto
dinero contigo.
Yo no llevo nada conmigo. Di le tu
amo. Yo les he dicho que hablamos proseguido los ladrones y que los hablamos alcanzado auna legua de aqui.
te es

Eem. From these exflmplos will be seen (l.),that tlie conjunct,

pronouns are placed after Uie verb, wben the latter is used in the
imperative, infinitive, or participle, or when it begins the sentence,
in all other cases they precede the verb. (2.) The absoluto pronouns
may be placed before or after the verb, if the conjunct, pronouns
precede the verb; but if the verb precedes the conjunct, pronoun,
then the absolute pronoun must be placed after the latter.
:

42.
l^obodij, nadie.

The

ll'liicli,

ffooertior, el

govcrnaJor.

iiiul.

Jiiiwceiit, inocente.

Bend, muerto.

Made prisoner,

The

Asked

question, lu pregunta.

///,

mal.

me

It concerns

me

da.

little,

tornado preso.

after, preguntado por.

The lady, la seora.
They have, carry, llevan.

Fjinbarrassed, embarazado.

m poco se The 2)arasol, el quitasol,

But, pero. ^

I have seen you at

1 have written
She has told it
me. He appears to me (to be) very ungrateful. They
have told them that the governor is dead. This question
has embarrassed them.
have heard them. I know
that this lad has spoken (hablado) ill of me, but it conHe is taller {mayor) than she. They have
cerns me little.
told me, that thou hadst lost thy book.
Which hadst
thou lost that which thou hast bought yesterday, or that
which thy father has given to thee ? I have a present for
thee aud for them.
I have seen her twice. I have seen
you this morning. Have you seen him ? He is innocent,
although you have made liim prisoner. These ladies always have their parasols with them, it concerns memore
I

have loved thee more than him.

the ball.
it you.

My servant has given it her.

My brother has given it them.

We

THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.

than

37

me that she had given

woman has been (es-

concerns thee. She has told

it you.
Nobody has seen you.
tado) here and has asked after you,
it

43.

Yo
T

estoy,

/ am.

ests, thou art.

l, ella, est, he, she

is.

Nos. estamos, we are.

Vos. estis, you are.
Ellos, ellas estn,

Rem.

In speaking of innate,

theij

are.

essential, or habitual conditions or

qualities, the verb / am, &c., is rendered in Spanish by yo soy, &c.

but in speaking of momentary and accidental conditions or qualiI am, &c., is rendered by estoy, &c.

ties,

Ya, already.

Volar, to fly.
Talega, the purse.
Deseoso, desirous.

Pronto, ready.

go

Salir, to

out.

Ver, to see.
El nombre, the name.
Sobre, upon, above.

El prado, the park.

Donde, where.
Puesto,

p,

placed.

Los estantes,

Las

the shelf.

El teatro, the theatre.

Puedo, / can.
Convidado, invited.
El concierto, the coi art.
Hablando, speakinej.

El tuyo, la tuya, lo tuyo, thine.

El suyo, la suya, lo suyo, his,hers,
or theirs.
Seor, sir.

El corazn,

Ir, to fjo.

Rem.

alhajas, the jewels.

Venir, to come.
Porque, because.
El mio, la mia, lo mio, mine.

Quieres, thou wilt.

Venir, to come.

the heart.

The

absolute possessive pronouns, mio, tuyo, suyo,

nuestro, and vuestro, are used with the definite article when they
represent a substantive, in such phrases as, your house and mine
(i.e. house), and ivithoutihe article when they are joined to a substantive by the verb to he.
(2.) Expressions like one of my friends
are rendered in Spanish in this manner
un amigo mio, una tia
mia, &c.
(.3.) In speaking of absent persons the Spaniards use
the words merced, pi. mercedes.
(1.)

Ests ya pronto para

salir

Estn en casa sus

atTKOD O LEAENDG

3ft

padres de Vm. ? No, seor, estn con el tio en el

Los he puesto en
Prado.
Donde estn mis libros ?
No
Quieres venir al teatro conmigo?
puedo ; estoy convidado para ir al concierto con mi
los estantes.

He visto las seoras y sus mercedes me han

dado una carta para Vmd. Mi padre no ha podido
Mi corazn es
venir, porque su merced est malo (ill).
El otro ha tomado mi nombre como yo
siempre tuyo.
fcl suyo.
Aqni estn todas las plumas, la mia, la tuya y
la suya.
Las alhajas, que has visto, son las suyas de
Estoy haella, mas los caballos son los suyos de l.
Vms. siempre
blando de un ave que he visto volar.
Es
hablando
de
mi.
su
sombrero
estn
de Vmd. que
Estoy deseoso de ver mi
est sobre la ventana ?
Esa casa es vuestra. Un
Este libro es mi.
primo.
primo mi ha comprado un caballo. Esta talega es
Vmd.
llena de oro.
He vendido mi jardin
tiene
aun {still) el suy^ ? Una tia mia me ha escrito esta
tia.

carta.

44.

I will

News, noticias.
The expenses, los

(wish), quiero.

Itipe,

maduro,

Fame,

gloria.

a.

To

Obedient, obediente.

Taking a

tvalk, pasendose.

Seeing, viendo.

visit, see, visitar.

The

gastos.

Paid, pagado.

Because, for, pues.

Gone, ido.

Remarkable, curioso,

estate, la tierra.

Been, estado.
Brought, traido.

a.

si.

If,

Mr., El seor.
There, all.

My

Tlicy are speaking of Ibee.

book is on the table.
Give me some pears I will eat some if they are ripe. Tlie
prince is desirous of fame.
aunt is in your garden.
These children have written a letter to their uncle, who is
One of my cousins (fern.) has been here toin ];erlin.
day and has] brought us news of one of her aunts. Mr.
London.
VTe have found thy watch and ours.
N. ia in
;

My

THE SPANISH lAXGUAGE.

C^b

My

Tour cousins and liis are more obedient than cura.

father and his are takiuf:^ a walk in your garden.
friend, I am seeing your father there.
Is your father at
home? No, he is gone to see his uncle, who is at hia
estates.
This story is not so remarkable as mine. I hare
father and his are
my books ; where are yours ?
friends.
In this street are our houses, mine, thine, his
and hers. Our cousins and mine have gone to the theatre.

My

My

I have paid
friend

is

at

my

My
you paid yours ?
and hers have gone to the

expenses, have

home but thine,

;

his

town.
45.
Este, a, 0, pi. estos, as, this, pi. these.

Ese,

a, 0, pi. esos, as, that, pi. those.

Aquel, aquella, aquello,

pi. aquellos,

as, this {that) pi.

these (those).

El, he, ella (la),

she,

ello

(lo), it ;

pi.

los

(ellos),

las

(ellas) they.

Rem. (1.) In Buch expressions as he who, she who, that which,

the pronouns he, she, that, arc rendered in Spanish by the proof the third person, l, ella, ello, or by aquel, or (especially if
the relative pronoun que follows) by the definite article.
(2.) If the
pronouHS that those, refer to a before-mentioned substantive, they
are rendered in Spanish by the definite article.

noun

Mira, look at.

Parecen, (they) aj)pea7;
Frondoso, lenfy.
El cuado, the brother-in-law.
La mugercilla, the little tvoman.
El mozo, the youth.

La

vida,

life.

Comparacin, comparison.

La

eternidad, eternity.

Aprendido, learned.
El lenguage, the lanrjuage.
Cerca de, near.

Yo

creo,

believe.

El \wriQ, the mstage.

El correo, the post.
Lleva (imperat.), carry, take.

Este hombre es mas fuerte que ese.

Esta mesa es
mas grande que esa. Esta casa es hermosa, pero esa es

aun mas hermosa y aquella mucho mas alta. Mira estos

arboles ; este y ese no te parecen mas frondosos qur
aquel ?
Este es mi jardin, ese es el de mi tio y aquel

D 2

METID

40

O'

LEAENINO

ea el
Esta es la mas hermosa muger que
he visto y aquella es la mas prudente.
Este hombrepadre de esos muchachitos y aquella mugercilla es la madre de estas muchachitas.
Este mozo es
de Berlin, ese de Viena, aquel de Dresda y aquel otro de
Colonia,
Qu es esta vida en comparacin la eternidad
He aprendido el lenguage de aquella tierra en
seis meses.
Aquella casa que est cerca de aquellos
Lleva estas cartas al correo.
rboles, es mia.
Has
pagado el porte de estas ? Yo no creo nada de eso.
Esta es mi casa y este mi jardn.
Hemos perdido un
buen amigo que lo ha sido muchos aos. No es este
Don Juan de Sosa ? El mismo {the sam). Esto no ca
mi.
Lo he dicho i este hombre y . l que has visto
ayer.
Hemos estado en tu casa y en la de tu tio.

de mi cuado.

cillo es el

4G.
The word,

Shoiun, enseado.
JnteresHng, interesante.
The thought, el pensamiento.
Worthy, digno, a.

la palabra.

^"llotved, seguido.
V/ie

wine, el vino.

'iermaivj,

Alemania.

Vhulesome, sano, a.
rhe palace, el palacio.
rhe newspapers, las gacetas.

Opposite, enfrente.
St. John,

San Juan.

Credit, crdito.

Swede, Sueco.

This gentleman is he wao

These are my last words.
has followed us. This palace and that one which I have
shown you, are the king's. The wines of Germany are
more wholesome than those of France. The interesting
newspapers are not those of to-day, but those of yesterday. Are these thoughts worthy of you ? This house in
wliich we are, that one which is opposite, and that which
is in the street of St. John, are all three mine.
house
and yours are the finest in the street. He is a happy
man, because he is contented with (that) what he has. Our
This man is (a)
friends have more credit than yours.
Frenchman, that one is (an) EngUshnaan, and that one (a)

My

THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.

4\

Swede. Tliia girl (la moza) is more amiable than that one
This garden is larger than that which my uncle has bought.
Whicn book w! you (have), this one or that one P
47.

Quien, pi. quienes, who 'vhom. Que, wlio, lohom, which.

El cual, la cual, lo cual, pi. los, las cuales, ivho, whom,
loldch.

Cuyo, cuya,
Rem.

pl.

Cuyo, a

the noun to which

cuyos, cuyas, ivhose, of lohich.

treated like an adjective,

is
it

and must agree with

belongs, in gender and number.

Sabe, {he) knoivs.

Los estudios, the studies.
El picaro, the rogue.

El queso, the cheese.

El parecer, the opinion.

La ocurrencia, the accident,

La cosa, the thing.

El

vestido, the dress.

Verde, green.
Saber, to know.
Ha de ser, may

El ruido, the

be.

noise.

case. Mrito, merit.

Ser, to be.

Premiado, rewarded.

Socorrer, tosticcour.

La necesidad, necessity
Obligado, /oreri?.
La muerte, death.
El mal, the evil.
El remedio, the remedy.

Desvalido, helpless.
Quiere, (he) will, wishes.
La reputacin, the repute.

Tal vez, perhaps.

Mi tic es un hombre que sabe mucho y que ha hecho

La luuger que Vm. ha
sus estudios en Salamanca.
visto hoy, es tal vez la mas hermosa de la ciudad.
Quien de Vms. ha sido el picaro que ha comido este
I
en esta ocurqueso ?
Cual es su parecer de Vm.
rencia?
Qu cosa mas noble que el socorrer al des

ste hombre es quien nos ha robado el ao

valido
pasado. Cuyas son estas casas ? Son de aquel hombre,
cuya reputacin de rico es tan conocida en toda la ciudad.
El que tiene
Quiero saber lo que ha de ser este ruido.
menos mrito, es quien quiere ser premiado. La neley.
El
tiene
obligado
la
cual
no
esto,
cesidad rae ha
nios he visto.
Las calles cuyas casas son
padre cuy
!

D 3

METHOD OF ABNIlQ

42

La muerte es un mal para que no hay remedio.

Mira aquellas mugares
la de vestido verde es
mi
madre.

altas.

48.
Blue, azul.
Lived, vivido.

T/ie

The soldier, el soldado.

The courage, el brio.

The term,

The birth dag,

los

el

termino.

Expired, espirado.
Were droivned, se ahogaron.

fust, justamente.

He fears,

of exchange, letra d<

hill

cambio.

cumpleaos.

teme.

The7-e tvere, habia.

Trnlg, really, verdaderamente.

But, sino.
Alone, solo.

Free, libre.

The nation,

la nacin.

whom

have you received this book ? "Which

From {de)
!)ook ? the blue or the black {one) P
I have been in the

which thy father has lived. We are just speaking of {that) what thou hast written to thy father. This
atch is that [one) which you gave (have given) me a.{po')
my birth-day. The house which I have sold to that man,
The woman to
is not so fine as that which we have seen.
whom I have sold my dog, is not that {one) who has been
'\ere, but that {one) whom you saw (liave seen) yesterday
iiouse in

The man who fears God alone, is really the concert.

I have a bill of exchange from you, the term of
The nation, whose king is wise. I
wliix^h has expired.
know what commerce is. There were also women in the
ships, many of whom were drowned.
n

free.

49.

Quien,

loho, loJiom ?

Uue, cual,
Eem.

The

Suspirando, sighing.
All, here.

a, loliose

which, what ?

interrogative pronoun cuyo, a,

and must agree

which it belongs.

live,

to

Cuyo,
10 no, ivhorn,

in

is treated as an adjecgender and number with the substantivo

Aiaba de

entrar, has just entered

El peligro, the danger.

TUE SPAIISn LANGUAGE.

Cuando, tohen.

43

Haber, io have.

I'uede, {he) can.

Vt'm^aX, principal, chief.

Espuesto, exposed.
Funesto, a, sad.
Trae, brings.
Hacer, to do.

Se dice, is said, they say.

Habido, had.

La

batalla, the battle.

En donde, where
Dicen, they say,

Quien est suspirando all ?

I Qu hora es ?
Que
niuger es la que acaba de entrar 1
qu peligros no
se ha espuesto Vm.
Que funestas noticias trae esta
carta
quieres hacer, amigo, cuando todo va
Que
contra tus deseos?
Cuales son las principales ciudades de Espaa? De quien ha recibido Vra. este dinero ?
se
dice
de nuevo ?
Me han dicho que ha
Que
Jiabido {there has been) una grandisima batalla, en donde
los nuestros han vencido al enemigo. Tus padres
que
dicen de m ?
Sabe Vm. que diferencia es de Enrique
i Vmd. ?
De cual tierra ea
Cual hombre es este ?
Vm. ? Cuyo es este libro? Es tuyo. De quien
son esos hbros ? cuantos estamos hoy ? {WTiut day
doce {the twelfth),
of the month have loe to-day?)
!

Que

quieres,

amigo

50.
AfirccahJe, agradable.

The custom, el costumbre.

The order, el mandamiento.
pecado.
the paper, el papel.
V.rrcd,

The gloves,
The sivord,

lo9 guantes.

la espada.

Taken, llevado.
The ivatchmaker,

The

el relojero.

bottle, la botella.

"VVliich is the richest of these ladies ?

W^hose hat ia
tliufc which is upon the table?
From whom have you
received these ai^rccable news P
What will you do with
this paper ?
is knocking {llamando) at () the door ?
I have taken my watch to the watchmaker. Which one,
the golden or the silver one ? What do you say {dices)
of our town, our public walks, and our customs ? Against
which of his orders have we erred ? Whose sword ia this ?

Who

HETUOD OP LEAEXING

44

Whose

For whom is this bottle of wme,

What woman is this P Of whose

gloves arc these ?

and what wine

is it ?

Which are the merits of that

of these two houses is yours P What do

riches are you. speaking ?

Which

man ?

they say in the town

51.
alguien ; alguno, a
cualquiera; quienquiera, jowe

Cualque

any

one,

zutano, a
;
;
some one, a certain person.
Cual, many a one.
fulano, a

Cierto, a

Cual cual, onethe other.

Tanto, so muth, so great.
Quanto, hoiv much.

Tanto

quanto, a

Nadie, ninguno, nobody, mne.

Nada, nothing.
Tenia,

one.

much

(great)

Ya,

I had.

twio.

Creo,

/ believe.

Que,

that.

El asunto, the affair, husinesA.

Arreglar, to settle.
Acaso, perchance.
Sepa, {he) shoteld know,

Ageno, foreign, strange.

as.

Tal, such.

Codiciar,

Tal cual, such as.

1 mismo, la misma, lo mismo,
propio (proprio), a, the saine.
Otro, a, other, another one.

El bien, the projjcrfy, good.

Bailar, to dance
El amo, the master.
El empleo, the employment.
Conviene, it suits.
Venga, (he) should come

Solo, a, alone.
Varios, as, divers, several.
Cada cada uno, a, every one.
;

Ambos,

entrambos,
enough.

as

as,

l>olJt.

demag, the
maining.
la,

lo

rest, the

Creido, believed.
Estaran, {they) ivcre.

El mucbacho, the boy

Comi, {he) ate.

Harto, a,
Toco, a, little.
Algo, something, somewhat.
El,

to covet.

Estaban, {they) were.

re-

Se bace, {it) becomes.

Venido, come.

Me parece que alguno de Vms. ha estado aqui, pues

tenia algunas peras, y ya no hay ninguna mas.
Mi to
est en Pars : creo que tiene algunos asuntos para arDe todos cuantos aqui estn, hay acaso uno
que sepa mi historia ? El es muy ageno de {far fiotn)
hacer tal cosa.
Ninguno ha de codiciar los bienes genos.
De muchos pocos se hace un algo. Cada uno le
ha visto bailar con aquella seora. Tal amo, tal criado.
reglar.

THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.

45

Este empleo le conviene mejor que cualquier otro. Mi

primo habiacreido que fulano y zutano estarian tambin
en este baile. Este muchacho comi cuantas frutas estaban
en la mesa. Quien quiera que {whoever) venga aqui, dile
que no estoy en casa. Un cierto me ha dicho, que el
Ni el uno ni el otro ha venido, porque
rey ha muerto.
ambos estn malos. Yo he quetado {remained) en casa
y los dems han ido al teatro. Aqui no hay nada.
52.
During, mientras.

Virtue, la virtud.
Gained, ganado.
Fains, (la) pena.
Wasted, gastado.
Assured, asegurado.

Absence, ausencia.

{He)

hioivs, sabe.

Lives, vive.

Eow, como.
The family, la familia.
Health, la salud.
Preferable, preferible.

Wealth, property, (las) haciendas.

The failt, la falta.

Happened, sucedido.
The condition, la condicin.
The boohseller, el librero.

Has soma oue come during my absence ? No one knows

how and on {d) what this family lives. None of these
ladies is as beautiful as thy sister.
Has any body asked
after me ?
Yes, some of your friends have been here.
Health

all tlae riches of the world.

Every
customs.
brother-in-law has little
property, and many virtues. The son has
wasted all that the father had gained with so great paina.
father has assured me that some one has asked after
me. Every one has his faults. This is the same man whom
you saw (have seen) yesterday. I have these books from
the same bookseller. Have you wine enough ? Nobody
lives contented with {d) his condition in this life.
Nothing has happened.
are speaking of nothing.
One
has eaten apples, another one pears, and another one figs.
is

preferable to

country has

money,

My

its

little

My

We

All

is lost.

METHOD OF LEAEKINQ

46

PART

II.

53.

CONJUGATION OF THE AUXILIARY VERB

Habee,

INFINITIVE MOOD.

I.

Itifn.

to have.

of the Pres. Haber,

to have.

Haber habido, to have had.

Fat. Estar por haber, to be about to have.

Perf.

Gerund of

the Pres.

Habiendo, having.

Perf. Habiendo habido, having had.

Partic. of the Pass. Habido, had.

Perf. Habiendo habido, having had.

Put. Habiendo de haber, being about to
have.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

II.

Present Tense.

Yo

he,

/ have,

&c.

vide No. 23.

Imperfect Tense.
Yo habia, / had, &c. vide No. 29.
;

Yo

Befinite Perfect Tense.

hube, I had, &c. ; vide No. 27.
Indefinite Perfect Tense.

Yo he

habido,

I have

had, &c.

First Pluperfect, or Anterior.

Yo hube habido, I had had, &c.

Yo

Second Pluperfect.
babia habido, I had had,

ike.

/HE SPANISH LAIGtJAaB.

47

Imperfect Future.

Habr, / shall have.

Habrs, thou wilt have.
Habr, he will have.

Habremos, we
Habris,

shall have.

i/oii xvill

have.

Habrn, they will have.

Perfect Future.
shall have had, &c.

Habr habido, I
III.

IMPERATIVE MOOD,

Habe, have thou.

Haya, let him have.

Hayamos, let us have.

Habed, have you.
Hayan, let them have.
IV.

CONJUNCTIVE MO^D.
Present.

Haya, I may have.

Hayas, thou mayst have.
Haya, he may have.

Hayamos,

xve

may

have.

Hayis, you may have.

Hayan, they may have.

Definite Perfect.

Hubiese, / might have.

Hubieses, thou miyhtst have.
Hubiese, he might have.

Hubisemos, ive
Hubieseis, you
Hubiesen, they

Simple Conditional.
Habria, or hubiera, I should have.
Habras, or hubieras, thou wouldst have.
Habria, or hubiei'a, he ivould have.
Habramos, or hubiramos, -e should havt.
Habriais, or hubierais, yon ivould have.

Habrian, or hubieran, they ivould have.

Simple Future.
Hubiere, I shall have.
Hubiremos,, toe shall hate.
Hubieres, thou wilt have.
Hubiereis, you will have.
Hubiere, he will have.
Hubieren, they will have.

METHOD OF LEARNING

Indefinite Ferfect.

Ilaya habido,

I may have had, &c.

Pluperfect.
Hubiese habido, / mic/ht have had, &c.
Co7>tposed Conditional.

Hubiera or habra habido, I should have had,

Sec.

Composed Future.
Hubiere

liabido, {that)

I shall have had, &c.

OBSERVATIONS.
I.

ON THE USE OF THE TENSES.

The present

the

same manner

the present tense

tense and the two futures are used in

in
is

Spanish as in Enghsh except that

sometimes used in a loose manner,
;

where one should expect the future.

2. The Imperfect is used, a, in speaking of something
that was done habitually or repeatedly
b, in speaking
of facts which belong to the past, but are considered to
have taken place simultaneously with other facts.
3. The Definite Perfect is used in speaking of facts
that have taken place at some precisely stated moment
of the past, and which are looked upon as entirely
;

past.
4.

The

Indefinite Perfect

is

used in speaking of facts

when either the precise

not stated, or when the
of their occurrence
period in which they are said to have taken place is
not yet entirely elapsed.
5. The two Pluperfects are'used in speaking of facts
which have taken place in the past and before other
facts, which belong likewise to the past, but with this
difference, that the second pluperfect {Ilabia
) is used
that belong entirely to the past,

moment

is

THE SPANISU LANGUAGE.

49

when the fact which took place first, is considered to ba

the more important of the two, while the first Pluperfect
or Anterior is used when the same fact is represented as
the less important.
II.

It will

ON THE USE OF THE MOODS.

he sufiicient to point out the use of the Sub-

junctive, Conditional,
1.

The Subjunctive

and Imperative.
is

used whenever an uncertainty

or a doubt shall be expressed

it

is

used, therefore

which express a wish, doubt, fear

command, or necessity, and is usually preceded by thi
que
si.
It is to be remarked that the
conjunctions
or
especially after verbs

subjunctive of the present or that of the indefinite permust be used when the verb of the principal sentence
is used in the present or future tense.
2. The Conditionals are used in the same cases in
Spanish as in English ; those ending in ra, and those
ending in ria, are generally used alternately.
3. Respecting the Imperative, it is to be observed that
in the Spanish language the subjunctive of the present
is often used instead of the Imperative.
fect

Rem. It will have been seen from the examples given in No.
41, ct seg., that the objective cases of the personal pronouns are
joined immediately to infinitives, imperatives, and gerunds, so that
the two form but one word
it is to be remarked that the
final j
of the first person plural of the imperative is dropped when the
pronoun nos is affixed, and that, when a pronoun commencing with
the letter / is to be affixed to the second nersonal plural ending in
d, the / is placed before the d.
;

Dudo, I

doubt.

Llegado, arrived.

Aun, already.
Tem, Ifeared.
Mandado, commanded.
nieee {he) should cotna.

Decir,

(o iell, sai/.

Despus que,

after, when,
N., Mrs. iV.
Vino, {he, she) came.
Asi que, as soon as.
Entregu, I gave.

La Seora

METHOD OF LEAENIKQ

50
El mozo, the youth.
Almorzado, breakfasted.
Antes que, before.
Venga, comes, may come.

Ir,

!uando, tvhen.
de, done tvith, finished^

La

Acabado

I shall go.

Basta,

it is sufficient.

Descuidado, neglected.
Acertar, to succeed.

empresa, the enterprise.

Sabido, knoivn.

Parti, (i) departed.

Dudo que haya llegado aun. Tem que hubiese veLe habr manado que viniese
nido la semana pasada.
He visto k tu padre hoy. Despus que
para decirselo.
hubiste visto la Seora N. vino mi casa.
As que
hube escrito la carta la entregu mi mozo. Habr
almorzado antes que tu padre venga. Cuando habr
acabado de almorzar, creo que ir en casa de mi madre.
Basta que el hombre no haya descuidado nada para
Si yo hubiera sabido que
hacer acertar una empresa.
Mi
t no estabas (loast) en casa, no habria venido.
padre ya habia comprado esta casa cuando part para
Italia.

55.

The measure,

To

la

medida,

Thou hast

got up^ te has levan-

tado,

succeed, salir.

Early, temprano.
Scarcely, apenas.
We could, pudimos.
Gone, andado.
Supped, cenado.
quarter of an hour, un cuarto
As soon as, luego que.
de hora.
lliey went otit of, salieron de,
I met, encontr.
[le) arrives, llegue {subj.).
Gol up, levantado.
(7/) ivent a hunting, iba cazando.
The u-ood, el bosque.

The

intention, el intento.

my

brother.
1 bolieve that tliou hast given this book to
had taken the best measures, and in spite of (con) all
intention.
Had
you
our
that we could not succeed with
supped already when the cousin of my aunt came P As
soon as they had dined {comido), they went out of tlie
shall have done all before my father arrives.
wood.

We

We

They

will already

have received the news of the death of

THE SPANISH LA^^GUAGE.

51

my uncle.

If tliou liadsfc got up earlier, thou wouldst have

breakfasted -witli us. I had scarcely gone (for) a quarter
of an hour, when I met a man who went a hunting.

no.

CONJUGATION OF THE VERB

Tekeu,

to have.

INFINITIVO.

I.

Pres. Tener, to have.

Prefer. Haber tenido, to have had.
Fid. Haber de tener, to be about to have.

Gerundio. Teniendo, having.

Partic. pas. Tenido, had.
Partic. de jiret. Habiendo tenido, having had.
Partic. defut. Habiendo de tener, being about

II.

INDICATIVO.

a. Presente.

Yo

tengo,

have, &c.

No. 19.

vide

b. Imperfecto.

Teniamos, ive had.

Tenais, you had.

Tenia, 7 hud.
Tenias, thou hadst.
Tenia, he, she had.

Tenian, they had.

Perfecto Definido.

c.

I had.

Tuvimos,

ive

Tuviste, thou hadst.

Tuvisteis,

you had.

Tuvo, he, she had.

Tuvieron, they had,

Tuve,

had.

d. Perfecto Indefinido,

He

tenido,
e.

Hube

I have

had, &c.

Anterior.

tenido^ T

had hud, &c.

to

have

MfiTHOD OF LEAENINO

f.

Phiscuanperfecto.

Haba tenido, / had had, k".

Futuro Imperfecto.
Tendremos,

g.

Tendr, / shall have.

Tendrs, thou wilt have.
Tendr, he, she will have.
li.

Habr

Tendrt'is,

Tendrn.

Futuro perfecto.

tenido, / shall have had,

III.

&c

IMPERATIVO.

Ten, Aat;e (thou).

Tenga, let him {her) have.

Tengamos,

let

us have.

Tened, have {you).

Tengan, let them have.
IV.

SUBJUNTIVO,
a.

Tenga, /

may

have.

Tengas,
Tenga.

Presente.

Tengamos,
Tengis,

Tengan.
b. Pretrito hnperf.

Tuviese, Imiffht have.

Tuvieses,

Tuvisemos,

Tuviese.

Tuviesen.

Tuvieseis,

c. Condicional Simple.
Tuviera, tendra, I should have.
Tuvieras, tendras, thou wouldst have.
Tuviera, tendria, he, she loould have.

Tuviramos, tendramos,

ive

should have.

would have.
Tuvieran, tendrian, they would have.

Tuvierais, tendrais, ijou

TUE SPANISH LANGAQB.

53

d. Fretcrito Per/.

Haya

/ may have had, &c.

tenido,

Pluscuanperfecto.
Hubiese tenido, I miyht have had, &c.
e.

f. Condicional Compuesto.
Hubiera, habria tenido, 1 should have had, &c.

g.

Tuviere,

/ shall

Tuvieres, thou
Tuviere, he

Futuro

Simj^le.

Tuviremos,

have.

ivilt

luill

Tuviereis,

have.

Tuvieren.

have.

h.

Futiiro Compuesto.

Hubiere tenido, / sJmU have had,

&&

57.

Tengo

razn,

lam

right.

Vale,

No

tengo razn, I am tvrong.

ilala fama, bad reptitation.
Con todo, nevertheless.
Tener en poco, to think little
to slight.

ivorth.

sometimes.

of,

Queris, you will, tvish.

Hallar, to find.
muclio, {he) rises very

Madruga

Ahora, noiv.

La

desgracia, the misfortune.

Perder, to lose.

Prjimo, next.
Antes de ir, before going.

Acabar con,

is

Amenudo,

Levantar, to get up.

El amanecer, the break of day.

to finish.

early.

La tertulia, the company.

La compaia, the company, society.
Concurrir,

Pues que,

icill

assemble.

as, since.

Tengo en casa dos hermosos caballos que los he comprado esta semana. Aunque tiene mala fama, con todo
tiene muchos amigos.
Tu tienes razn. Tus hermanos
no tienen razn. Tenis algo que hacer antes de ir
J teatro ? Mis primos tienen en poco su tio. Tu
-enias dos hermanos y una hermana, y ahora no tienes
que un hermano.
Pues que tenian tantos amigos,
donde estn ahora ? Tuve el ao pasado la desgracia
I
de perder mi padre.
Tendrs mucho que hacer si quiB 3

METHOD OF LEABKING

54

Lo que t tendrs no vale

que yo tendr. Cuando tendris un caMaana (to-morrow)
ballo, iremos amenudo al campo.
tendr una gran tertulia, donde concurrir la mejor
compaa. Tendris que levantaros antes del amanecer
si queris hallar en casa vuestro tio, pues el madruga
mucho.
Vosotros tuvisteis razn, mas ellos no tuvieron
eres acabar con todo eso.

tanto

como

lo

razn.
58.

The patron, el protector.

By, por.
Means, el medio.
Thouwilt oblain, logrars.
The purpose, el iiilento.
I gained, ganaba.
To maintain, mantener.

lie tvill be able, podr.

Ferhaps, quiz.
For, por.

The work,
Courage,

el
el

trabajo.

nimo.

Alone, solas
Solitude, la soledad.

(He) promised, proineli.

Next, prjimo.

The coach, el coche.

The fever, la calentura.
/ must have, he de tener.
// is belter, mejor vale.
Afterward despus.

Occasio, ocasin.
Thet/ will be, estarn.

Soon, en breve.
The honour, el honor.

Enough, bastante,

TLiouliastmany patrons; by this means thou wilt obtain

th}' purpose.
I had much to do, and nevertheless I gained
not enough to {para) maintain my family. Our gardener
hada pretty little house in liis garden. Thou wiit not have
next year (tbat) what thou hadst last year. Had yoiv your
coach when you were [estuvisteis) at the ball ? Since I
must have the fever, it is better that I (may) have it now
than afterwards. He will perhaps have six dollars for his
work. Will you have the courage to go alone in this solitude? I believe that they will have to-morrow (that)
what their mother promised them. I know (that) what I
my father will give {dar)
shall have at my birth-day
;

my

mother a new hat. Having so much

a watch, and
to do, his brother will not be able to come to-day.
They
will have more occasion to go into companj wLen tlicj

me

SPANISH LANGUAGE.

town. Soon we shall have the honour to

be
Mrs. N. Were you right ? Was he wrong ?
will

visit

59.

Una hora

ha, il

is

an

Jiour since.

Velar, to watch, to sit up.

Cuidar, to nurse.
Lleg, {he) arrived.
Despus que, since.
Parti, he departed.

Dicha, ffood luck.

La
La

come

off.

prdida, the

acuerdo, / remember.
El orden, the order.
Partir, to depart.

Demasiado,

La

too mitch.

idea, the opinion.

Nunca, never.
El motivo, the cause, reason.
Quejarse, to complain.

Huirse, to flee.
Salido,

Me

{part.)

Los semejantes, the fellow-crea

tures.

loss.

llegada, the arrival.

Puimos, we went.

Estarla, he

would

be.

Adelantado, advanced.

T has tenido mi pluma en la mano una hora ha. Ei

ha tenido que velar toda la noche para cuidar su hermano que est malo. Hemos tenido un gran placer
cuando lleg mi primo, pues no le habiamos visto desHabia tenido que
pus que parti para America.
huirme. Tu habias tenido mns dicha que el, habiendo
salido sin prdida alguna.
Apenas habiamos tenido la
noticia de la llegada de su amigo, cuando fuimos visitarle.
S, me acuerdo que vosotros hablis tenido l
orden de partir.
Quien es el hombre que no tenga una
demasiado alta idea de si mismo y una muy mnima de
los otros ?
Hay acaso un hombre que nunca haya
tenido motivos de quejarse de sus semejantes? Si hubiera tenido tanto que hacer como e'l dice, me parece
que estara mucho mas adelantado.
60.

To write, escribir.
To inform, anunciar.
To platj, ]\iga.\\
2'Ae

head'che, 9 dolor de ca-

beza

The fever, la fiebre.

Eeligion, la religion.

Demands,

exige.

Compassion, piedad.

(He) thinks, cree.

56

METUOD OF LEAUNINO

The miser pant,

The leaj, la hoja.

tvonld ivrtte, escribirla.
Directly, al instante.
/ should live, viviria.

cl rco.

Conscience, la conciencia.
Quiet, quieto, a.

The

travel, cl viage.

I have bad to vrrite a letter to my uncle to (para) inform him that I had bought the house of my neighbour.
Have you had news from your brother who is in Madrid F
My cousins have had to play, in order to (para) keep
(tener) company, and have lost all (that what) they had.
He had had a very great head-ache, and afterwards the
fever.
Had they not had the house of their uncle ? Religion demands that we have (suhj.) compassion on (de) the
helpless.
Do you think that the miscreant always has
(suhj.) a quiet conscience ? Which are the evils that have
(subj.) not, at the same time, their remedies ?
If I had
at least a leaf of paper, I should write a letter directly.
If I had a country-house (casa de campo), I should always live in it. He would have many more riches, if he
had not wasted them in his travels.
61.

CONJUGATION OF THE TV/0 AUXILIARY VERBS,

Seb and Estab,

Pres.
Preter.
Flit.

Part. pas.
Gerundio.
Part, de Pret.
Part, de flit.

to be.

INFINITIVO.

I.

Ser, estar, to be.

Haber sido, estado,

Haber de ser, estar,

to

have been.
abuut to

to be

be.

Sido, estado, been.

Siendo, estando, being.

Habiendo sido, estado, having been.

Habiendo de ser, estar, beiny about
be.
II.

INDICATIVO.
Presente.
vide Nos. 35 and 43.
&c.

a.

Soy, estoy, /

oin,

io

THE BPAKI8H LAISOUAGE.

b
Era, estaba,

Imperfecto.
Eramos, estbamos.

was.

Eras, estabas.
Era, estaba.

Erais, estabais.

Eran, estaban.
Perfecto definido.
Fuimos, estuvimos.

c.

Fui, estuve, / was.

Fuiste, estuviste.

Fuisteis, estuvisteis.

Fue', estuvo.

Fueron, estuvieron.
Perfecto indefinido.
sido, estado, / have leen, &c.
d.

He

e.

Hube

f.

Habia

I had

been, &c.

Pluscuanperfecto.

sido, estado, I
g.

Sere', estare',

Anterior.

sido, estado,

had

been, &c.

Futuro Imperfecto.

/ shall

be.

Seremos, estare'mos.

Sers, estars.

Seris, estaris.

Ser, estar.

Sern, estarn.

h. Futuro Perfecto.
Habr' sido, estado, / shall have been.

IMPERATIVO.

III.

Se, est, be (thou).

him
Seamos, estemos,

Sea, est, let

(he?-) be.

let us be.
Sed, estad, be {you).
Sean, estn, let them be.

IV.

SUBJUNTIVO.
a.

Presente.

Seamos, estemo.

Sea, est, / 7nay be.

Seas, ests.

Seis, estis.

Sea, est.

Seap. estn.

57

METHOD OE LEAUNISG

5S

b. Pretrito imperfecto

I might

be,

&c.

Fuese, estuviese.
Fueses, estuvieses.

Fusemos, estuvieseioa.

Fuese, estuviese.

Fuesen, estuviesen.

Fueseis, estuvieseis.

Condicional Simple.

c.

I should

he,

&c.

Fuera, seria.

Estuviera, estaa.

Fueras, serias.

Estuvieras, estaas.

Fuera, seria.
Furamos, seriamos

Estuviera, estaria.

Fuerais, seis.

Estuvierais, estarais.

Fueran, serian.

Estuvieran, estaan.

Estuviramos, estaamos.

d. Pretrito Imperfecto.

Haya

I may

sido, estado,

have been, &c.

Pluscuanperfecto.
Hubiese sido, estado, I might have been,
e.

Hubiera

habra

&c

Condicional Compuesto.

f.

j^^

^^^^^

I should

have been, &c.

g.

Futuro Simple.
Furemos, estuviremos.

Fuere, estuviere, / should be.

Fueres, estuvieres.

Fuereis, estuviereis.

Fuere, estuviere.

Fueren, estuvieren.
h.

Hubiere

Futuro Compuesto.

sido, estado,

I shoidd have

been, &c.

62.

La
La

escuela, the school.

Por

causa, the cause.

La

Porque, tvhi/.
Envidian, they envy.

lo

menos,

at least.

pulgada, the inch.

Muri, he
H&bil,

died.

clever.

THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.

La
La

El mdico, the physician.

Errado, erred.
Hacen, they make.

La

Cl>

alegra, /oy.

verdad, truth.

Duradero, a, durable.
Eterno, a, eternal.
Tomaria, / should talce.

disculpa, the excuse.

Antes, before.

Visit, visited.

"Yo soy

mas adelantado en

y eso es la
por lo menos
cuatro pulgadas mas alto que tu hermano. Eramos aun
muy chicos, cuando nuestro padre muri. El hombre
virtuoso es siempre dichoso.
Mi tio fu el mas hbil
mdico de toda la ciudad. Siendo tantos los que han
errado, hacen fcil la disculpa.
Ya tu no eres lo que
fuiste antes.
El estudio fu, es y seri siempre el mas
'

el

causa, porque todos

me

la escuela,

envidian.

Tu eres

agradable placer del sabio.

Que alegria ser la vuestra
cuando llegue vuestra madre. No hay sino (but) la
verdad que sea duradera y aun eterna.
Si tu prima
fuese mas joven, la tomaria mi casa.
Cree Vmd.
que sea aquel hombre l que nos visit la semana pasada? Esta familia era siempre la mas dichosa de la

ciudad.
63.
Mortal, mortal.
Jlich in, abundante en.
An upright ?a;,hom.bre de bien. Grains, granos.
Bespectable, honesto, a.
Name me, cteme Vmd.
The lesson, la leccin.
Tender age, tierna edad.
They began, empezaron.
Useful, provechoso, a.
Experience, la esperiencia.
They conquered, conquistaron.
The empire, el imperio.
The little chest, la cajita.

The century,

el siglo.

"Unhappy, infeliz.

Sure, cierto.
admit, admitira.

I should

Thy cousin is the mopt virtuous woman that I knov

v/e are all mortal. It was the fourth of January. The
father of these children was (a^ very upright man, and
their mother was also the most respectable and virtuous
woman that I have known.
cousins were still of (a
tender age when they began to go to (the) school. The

My

METHOiJ or lEAENINO

60

who conquered the empire of Me.

The Egyptians {Egiptos) were wise men. The past
centuries were for Spain centuries of gold. I was always
the most unhappy and unfortunate man, and I believe that
I shall be (so) until (the) death.
This year will be rich
iu grains and in wine.
Name me a professor, whose lessons are more useful than those of ( the) experience. If
I were sure that you are the sons of my friend, I would
admit you into my liouse. If this little chest were of gold,
it would be much dearer.
If this book were mine, I
Bhould give (daria) it you directly.
Spaniards were those

jico.

64.
Hablar,
Vendr,

speak.
shall come.

to

go out.
Recibimos, ire receiicd.
Salir, to

anee.

El cuidado, the

Fuera de, except.

Tiempo, weather.
Sin duda, tvithout doull.

La

Alojado, quartered.
Casa particular, private house.
Importa, it matters, is of import-

quinta, the estate.

a, ready.
dinner.

Pronto,

La comida,

La

care.

Pido, I asi:.
Airado, angry.
Cantaran, they ivoitld sing.
Hacen, they do.
Temo, I fear.

Seorita, the young lady.

Estando yo hablando con tu tic vino mi cuado

Pues que estis slitas, Seoritas mias,
hablarme.
vendr esta tarde haceros compafia. Estbamos justamente para salir, cuando recibimos la noticia de la
muerte de tu tio que estaba in Viena. Fuera de mi
todos estn en el campo ; y como hoy hace {it is) tan
buen tiempo, estarn sin duda en la quinta que est
una legua de nuestra casa de campo. Cuando estar
Vm. en casa ? Ya te lo he dicho que estar las cuatro
y media, y que est pronta la comida. Todos estos soldados {soldiers) estarn alojados en las casas particuQue le importa Vmd. que yo est con cuidalares.
dos no, si yo no le pido nada ? Si tus hermanos
estuviesen tan airados,

como

tu lo dices,

no cantaran,

THE SPANISH LANGUAGE,

61

como lo hacen, toda la maana. Temo mucho que mis

primas estu en casa, pues me parece haberlas visto cu
la iglesia.

They

Armed, armado.

vine.

/ could,

podia,

To
It

ITe gets better on, adelanta mas.

died, murieron.

I came,

I should go,

pleased me,

I remained
Together,

The

me

only,

gusto.

no qued que.

venir.

Bound, encuadernado.
It would he worth, valdra.

untos.

hall, la sala.

iria.

I should send for, hacia

He attended, trat.

leave, dejar.

Necessary, menester.
I should hill, mataria.
Mercy, remisin.
Presente, presente.

Although, sin embargo que.

Idle, mano sobre mano.

Wast thou

not he who was seated in the garden with mj

and my uncle ? While I was in Madrid, my fatheimother
died.
Wast thou not at home when I
and my
came the other day to speak with thy father ? Yes, but I
was so ill that I could not leave my room. Last week
I was twice in the theatre the first time {vez) it pleased
me much but the second time that I was (there) I remained only an hour (there). Wast thou not in Berlin
last year P Yes, I was there.
Where will you be this
father

We

afternoon P
shall be all together in the larger hall.
Will my brother-in-law and my sister-in-law (cuada) be
Yes, I know one who will not be (there),
there also ?
and that am I, Although my brother is idle all day long,
nevertheless ho gets on better than I.
If I were armed,
I would go against these thieves and kill them without
I
mei-cy.
If
were iU, I should send for the physician who
attended thee last year. It is not necessary that they all
are (siibj.) present. If my book were bound, it would be

worth much more.

VlETnOB OF

LEAEKINO

66.

TABLE OF THE THREE CONJUGATIONS.

THE BPAKISn LANGUAGB.

Amabas,

63

64

METHOD OP LEABNINO

THE SPANISH LANGUAGB.

65

Amnvas,

vendieras,

unierae,

Amara,
Amaramos,

vendiera,

uniera,

vendiramos,

unieramo

Amarais,

vendierais,

unierais,

Amaran,

vendieran.

Condicional Simple.

d.

/ should

/ should

love.

Amara,
Amaras,
Amara,

sell.

unieran.
II.

/ should

vendera,
venderas,

Amaramos,

unite.

unirla,
uniras,

venderias,

unirla,

venderamos,

uniramos,

Amarais,

venderais,

unirais,

Amaran,

venderian.

uniran.

e.

Pretrito Perfecto.

/ maj/ have

loved,

sold,

united.

Haya

amado,

vendido,

unido.

f.

I mif/ht have

g.

have

Hubiera,
^^'
Habra,

Condicional

\\.

should love.

unido.

vendido,

Compuesto.
united.

sold,

loved,

amado,

united.

sold.

loved.

amado,

Hubiese

I ahould

Phtscuauperfecfo.

unido.

vendido,

Futuro Simple.
1 shoidd

sell,

I should

unite.

Amare,

vendiere,

uniere,

Amares,
Amare,

vendieres,

unieres,

vendiere,

uniere,

P 2

MKTHOB OF LKIUN [NO

66

Amaremos,

vendiremos,

Amareis,

vendiereis,

uniereis,

Amaren,

vendieren,

unieren.

i-

r should

have

Hubiere

uniremos,

Futuro Comjmesto.
loved,

sold,

amado.

vendido,

united.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE THREE CONJUGATIONS.

I. Many verbs,
though otherwise quite regular,
change their radical vowel in certain tenses and moods.

In the 1st and 2nd conjugations, many verbs,

having iin e or o as their radical vowel, change this o into
and
ve,
the e into ie, whenever these vowels bear the
accent, i.e. in all the three persons of the singular, and
the 3rd pers, plur. of the indicative and subjunctive of
the present tense, and in the 2nd and 3rd pers. sing,
and 3rd pers. plur. of the imperative, b. In the 3rd
conjugation many verbs, having an e as their radical
vowel, change this e
1. into ie in the 1st, 2nd, and
3rd pers. sing., and 3rd pers. plur. of the indicative
a.

and subjunctive of the present tense, and in the 2nd

and 3rd pers. sing, and 3rd pers. plural of the imperative.

tive

2.
;

into

in the

in the

2nd and 3rd

st.

pers. plur. of the impera-

pers. plur. of the subjunctive of

the present tense, in the 3rd pers. sing, and plur. of the
definite perfect, throughout the subjunctives of the definite perfect

and simple

future, in the simple conditional

ending in , and lastly, in the gerund. Other verbs

with the radical vowel e change this e into i in the 1st,
2nd, and 3rd person sing., and 3rd. pers. phir., of tlie
pres. indie, in the 3rd pers. sing, and plur. of the defin, perf. indie, in the 2nd and 3rd pers. sing., and
let and 3rd pers. plur of the imperative, thmu^hout

THE SPANISn LAKGUAOE,

67

subjunctives of the present, defin. perf. (or preter.

future imperf. and simple conditional ending
and lastly in the gerund,
c.
The two verbs,
morir, to die, and dormir, to sleep, change their o into
ue in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd pers, sing, and 3rd pers,
ilie

defin.)

in ra,

and subj., and in the 2nd and

3rd pers. sing, and 3id pers. plur. of the imperative
and into ti in the 3rd pers. sing, and plur. of the defin.
perf., and 1st pers. plur. of the imperative, in the Ist
and 2nd pers. plur. of the pres. subjunct. throughout
plur. of the pres. indie,

the subjunctives of the defin. perf. (or preter. defin.)

simple future and simple conditional ending in ra, and
in the gerund.

The past

participle of morir is muerto.

conjugation the verbs ending in gar,
or car change the g into gii, and the c into qu, always
before the vowel e.
Verbs ending in zar, ov jar change
the z into c, and the^" into g, always before the vowel e.
III. In the second conjugation, tlie verbs ending in
acer, ecer, and ocer change the c into zc always before
Verbs ending in cer, having a conthe vowels a and o.
sonant before this final syllable, change the c into z
always before the vowels a and o.
Verbs ending in gsr
change the g iutoy before the same vowels. The verbs
ending in aer, eer, and oer take a y instead of an i,
whenever, by way of conjugating, an i would stand beII.

In the

first

tween two vowels.

IV. In the third conjugation the verbs ending in ticir,
change the c into z always before the vowels a and o.
Those ending in gir change the g into^, and those ending in cir having a consonant before that syllable,change
the c into z, likewise before the vowels a and o. In the
same case the verbs ending in guir change the qu into
c, while those ending in guir only drop the ?i.
Verbs
ending in giiir or qiiir change in all those cases where an
i would come to stand between two vowels, the i into g.
Y. It has been observed already, that the past pnrli-

HLTUOD

,':c

Oi'

LEAEKIJS

remains unchanged when used in connexion witli

but when used with the verbs tener, ser,
and estar, it must agree with the noun to which it belongs, in gender and number.
VI. The Passive is formed iu Spanish in the same
picle

the verb haher

way as in EiigUsh, viz,

by means of the verb

(see the preceding note)

but when the verb

ser, to be,
is

used in

the 3rd pers. sing, or pUiral, the passive may be expressed by means of the active voice and the pronoun
se, e.g. se

dice, it is

said.

also be used to render the

This form of speech

EngUsh

one, or

may

they, in Buch

phrases aa they say.

Gento, crou-J.
Ila habiilo, ihcre has hccn.
Jugar, to play.

Persuailido, convinced.
Olvidai', to forget.

El parage,

Querer, to be willing.
Entrar, to enter.
ConTeniente, convenient.
El incendio, the fire.
Destruy, destroyed.
El suegro, the father'in-law.
Aconsejar, to advise.

Oir, to hear.

Esperar, to ivait, expect.

Hallar, to look for,

La

pieza, the piece.

En

general, generally.

Aplaudir, to applaud.
lia, how long is it.
entrada, the entrance.
the place.
Levantarse, to get up.
El perezoso, the idler.

Cuanto

La

La

utilidad, the usefulness.

mundo

muy

poca utilidad.
pero tambin
han jugado una hermossima pieza, y ha sido en general
muy aplaudida. Cuanto h que Vra. no ha venido
mi casa 1
Ya Vm. habr olvidado la entrada de ella.
Hay all uno, quien no le conozco, aunque me parece
Levntate, perezoso
haberle visto en algn parage.
ya es de dia. Era muy temprano cuando oimos este
ruido y estoy persuadido que no era otra cosa sino el
perro que olvidamos en el pt'o y que sin duda queria
Tlay

Qu

hombres en

el

de

gentio que ha habido cu el teatro

TUE SPANISU LANGUAGE.

entrar.

Ha

sido conveniente hacerlo

asi.

69

Pronto {soon)

habr ocho aos que el gran incendio destruy parte de

la ciudad de Hamburgo.
Su suegro ha tenido la desgracia de hacer una grande prdida.
Su hermano de
Vmd. me ha aconsejado de esperar aun algn tiempo.

Yct, sin embargo.

To recognize, reconocer.
To ask, preguntar.
The road, el camino.
To learn, aprender.

lo understand, coniprehcnder.
To pay a visit, hacer la visita.
tengo que.

J must,

About, cerca de.

ruego.
Since an hour, una hora h.
To wait for, aguardar.

The glass, el vaso.

The pleasure, el gusto.
The anxiety, la ansia.

To fatter, lisonjear.
To take, tomar.
To settle, arreglar.

T>c!/,

To

set out, partir.

(hace) already a year, that I had not seen him, and

yet I recognized him directly when I saw him. There is
From here to that town it is
a man who asks after ypu.

It

is

twenty miles. They say that there have been many

It is three years that my
thieves formerly on that road.
mother died. Is there still wine in the bottle ? Yes, there
I have had the honour to
are about two glasses in it.
had the pleasure to find (that)
speak to his uncle.
what we were cooking for with so much anxiety. God
has made us to love hu, and not to understand him. 1
have forgotten to pay a visit to your father, who has invited me several times. To-morrow I must depart for
Vienna. I beg you to tell your master that I am waiting
for him (/e) since an hour, and that I have no more time
flatter ourselves to see you this afterto wait for him.
noon in our house. I must write many" letters. I shall
take care to settle all my affairs before {antes de) setting
out for Ajncrica.
(hai/)

We

We

METHOD OF LEARNING

70

69.
Diestro, clever.

Volver,
Echar,

to be mistaken.

Engaarse,

Pensar, to think.
Beber, to drink.
Trabajar, to work.
Entender, to understand.
Tardar, to hesitate.

Dar,

Prestar,

La

to attack.

destreza, the

Derrotar,

skill.

Numeroso,

the boldness.

mcmerom.

Prosperidad, prosperitg.

able.

Las tropas,

Vm.

a,

Zeloso, envious.

to defeat,

Pudiendo, being

to beg.

to lend.

Rendirse, to surrender {one's- self).

Traspasar, to pierce.
La estocada, the stab with a sword.
Desdichado, unfortunate.

Luego, immediately.
Embestir,

Suplicar,

the attach

El denuedo,

throw.

a low voice.
Reunido, assembled.

Bajo,

to give.

El ataque,

return.

to

to

Temer, tafear.
Despertar, to awaken.

the troops.

mas diestro que mi hermano, pero Vm.

Este hombre no piensa que en comer y

cree ser

Be engaa.

de trabajar no lo entiende. Volviendo k casa

tuve el gusto de hallar su hermano de Vm, en ella.
Temiendo
Diciendo estas palabras se ech k sus pies.
Estando
despertar Vm. hemos hablado muy bajo.
reunidas todas las tropas no tard el general en dar el
ataque al enemigo y luego le embisti con tanta destreza
y denuedo que al instante le derrot. Hablando se
aprende hablar.
El general no cpieriendo rendirse fu
traspasado de una estocada.
No pudiendo salir hoy le
Tenga
suplico Vm. me preste algunos libros buenos.
Vm. piedad de un desdichado que tiene ima familia numerosa y ningn medio para mantenerla. No sea Vm.
zeloso de la prosperidad de otro. Ten este libro y llvale
beljcr, este

4 casa.
70.
Goinp, yendo;
To meet, encontrar.

To begin, empezar.
To rain, llover.
To return, volverse.
UatJ-r-

anresuradament

Never, nunca.
Industrious, laborioso.
IFant, la indigencia

Humane, humano.
To vanquish, vencer,
p^,. -lar-ing, persevernr.tp.

fHB SPANISH LABaC-AQE.

/ shall

The rigour,

ie able, podre.
Patience, la paciencia.

To gam,

lograr.

To, towards, para con.

To undertake, emprender.
Then, entonces.
To overcome, superar.

The obstacle, el obstculo.

To punish, castigar.
The miscreant, el malvado.

71

el rigor.

Atrocious, atroz.
The crime, el delito.
To deserve, merecer.

Towards, hacia.
Well, bien.

The Romans, los Romanos.

To abandon, abandonar.
To become acquainted with, conocer.

My

Going to eliiircb, I met your cousins (fern.)

sister,
seeing that it began to rain, returned home hastily. Being
I shall not be able to go to the ball. Let us have paLet us be just to all.
tience ; with that, one gains all.
Let us be industrious, and we shall never be in want. Be
content with that which thou hast, and thou wilt be happy.
Let us be humane towards the vanquished, if we wish
that they also be so some day towards us.
Be diligent
and persevering in that which you undertake, and then
you will overcome the greatest obstacles. Let these miscreants be punished with the whole rigour of the law
I shall write
their atrocious crimes have well deserved it.
him a letter. Let us iliid the lost. Both died on one day.
When the .Romans became acquainted with the usefuli;es3
of the Spanish swords, they abandoned their (own).
ill,

'

/I.

Por mas, however much.

Amontonar, to accumulate

Pasar por, to pass by.

Hizo, he made.

Alegar,

La

Creer,

to allege.

Capaz, capable.
Voluntad,

tvill.

Enfadar,

Cometer, to commit.
Maldad, ivichedncm.

to

require, to

Gastafj to (xpc.nd.

to

vex.
the contents.

El contenido,

Obrar, to act.
La prudencia, prudvme.
EI valor, courage, bravery.
Necesitar,

sea, the sign.

Recibir, to receive.
Enviar, to send.
Abrir, to open.

to bclU've.

want,

La

cuenta, the account.

El mttul, the metal.

Luego,

directly.

leedicar, to rebuild.

an Pablo,

St. Paul.

METHOD or LEAUNINQ

72

Por mas riquezas que amontones, nunca sers dichoso.

Por muchas disculpas que alegue, no le creo, pues es
tan capaz de engaar

como

cualquier otro.

Yo

lo qui-

pero con la mejor voluntad no lo puedo.

Sea
quien quiera que cometa tal maldad, le castigar como
El general obr con tanta prudencia como
I merece.
valor.
Un rico necesita en un dia mas de lo que Vm.
Yo te ruego me digas quien es el que
gasta en un ao.
Pasndome por la casa de mi amigo laestaba aqui.
zme sea para que entrase. Si recibo cartas para ellas
No quera escribrtelo para
se las enviar sin abrirlas.
no enfadarte. Ha leido Vm. todo el contenido de la
Vni.
Si, luego le dar
cuenta de l. Dicen
carta ?
S, mucho de este metal
que hay oro en las Indias.
Estte quieto, muchacho, que luego
se halla en ellas.
Recib una carta de Vm.
Hace
vendr el mdico.
mas que cien aos que reedificaron la iglesia de San
Pablo.
siera,

72.
To leave, dejar.
The treasure, el tesoro.
Ani/ longer, mas.

The fortress, la fovtakza.

To excite, excitar.
The admiration, la admiracin.

Nature, la naturaleza.
Compassionate, compadeciente.
In order that, afin que.

Illustrious, ilustre.

The

intrepidittj, la intrepidez.

We

ate all that

l'he colonel, el coronel.

The

being, el ser.

Veneration, veneracin.

table, and the vest

M'ished (quisierri) that
to visit me.
do

was {hahia) ou the

we threw through the window. 1

you came ( Vm. viniese) every day

We

know that which we wisli. Nature has made

a compassionate being, in order that he may
succour the unfortunate. I wislied to have his estate. To
him who would (quiera) give me ten dollars, I shall give
this book.
I have received some money from my father,
and I hope that after (en) some time he will send me yet
more. Such and so many are the reasons which have
not always
(of)

man

TU

Bl'iUilSH

LANUAGJi.

73

made me

leave the town, that for all the treasures of the

world I should not have remained any longer. The intrepidity of the soldiers at the gates (puerta) of the fortThe virtuous
ress excited the admiration of the colonels.
actions of (the) illustrious men excite our veneration.

73.

THE IKREGULAR VERBS.

Rem. The following list contains only those tenses and moods
which are formed differently from the regular three conjugations
only the first persons are given, whenever the endings
of the remaining persons are the same as those of the regular
;

verbs.

A. VfiUBS

BELONGING TO THE FlBST CONJUGATION.

a.

I.

Andar, to go,

Definite Perfect.

1.

Indicative.

Anduve, I went.

Anduvimos.

Anduviste,

Anduvisteis,
Anduvi?ron.

Anduvo,

2. Subjunctive.

Anduviese, anduvieses, &c.

II.

Subjunctive of the Future.

Anduviere, anduvieres, &c.

III. Simple Conditional.

Anduviera, andu'pra8, &c.

MJixnoD or leauniko

74

b. Dar, to give.
I.

Doy,

Indicative of the Present.

(I give), das, da,

II.

Ind.
Subj.

damos,

dais,

dan.

Bejinite Perfect.

D, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron.

Diese, dieses, &c.

III.

SuhjunctivQ of the Future.

Diere, dieres, &c.

IV. Simple Co: ditionul.

Diera, dieras, &c.

THE BPANIsn LANGUAGE.

Indic.

Subj.

b.

Caer, to fall.

I.

Present Jense.

Caygo, caes, cae, caemos, &c.

Cayga, caygas, cayga, &c.
II.

Cae, cayga

c.

Subj.

Hacer, to make, to do.

Subj.

Present Tense.

Hago, haces, hace, hacemos, &c.

Haga, hagas, haga, hagamos, &c,
Definite Perfect.

II.

Indic.

Hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, &c.

Hiciese, hicieses, &c.
III.

Indic.
Subj.

Imperative.

caygamos, caed, caygan.

I.

Indic.

75

Future Tense.

Har, hars, har, haremos, &c.

Hiciere, hicieres, &c.
IV. Simple Conditionals.

Hiciera, hicieras, &c.

2.

Haria, liarias, &c.

V. Imperative.
Haz, haga, hagamos, haced, hagan,
Poder, to be able.

d.
I.

Indio.

Subj.

Present Tense.

Puedo, puedes, &c.

Pueda, puedas, &c.
II.

Definite Perfect.

Pude, pudiste- pudo, pudimos

Pudiese, &c.

METHOD OF LEAEKINC

76

III. Future Tense.

Indie.

Subj.

Podr, podrs, &c.

Pudiere, pudieres, &c.

IV. Simple Conditionah1,

2.

Pudiera, pudieras, &c.

Podria, podrias, &c.

V. Gerund.
Pudiendo.

Indie.

Suhj.

e.

Poner, to put.

I.

Present Tense.

Pongo, pones, &c.

Ponga, pongas, &c.
II.

Indie.
Subj.

Definite Perfect.

Puse, pusiste, puso, &c.

Pusiese, pusieses, &c.
III. Future Tense.

Indic.

Subj.

Pondr, pondrs, &c.

Pusiere, pusieres, &c.
IV. S7nple Condilionalt,

Pusiera, &c.

2.

Pondra, &c.

V. Imperative.

Pon, ponga, pongamos, poned, pongft,

VI. Participle.
Puesto.

SPANISH LANGUAGE.

rk,

f.

Querer, to desire.

Present Tense.

I.

Indic.

Suhj.

Quiero, quieres, quiere, queremoB, queris,

quieren.
Quiera, quieras, &c.
Definite Perfect.

II.
Iridic.

SubJ,

Quise, quisiste, quiso, &c,

Quisiese, &c.
III.

Indic.

Subj.

Future Teme.

Querr, querrs, &c.

Quisiere, quisieres, &c.
IV. Simple Conditionals.

1.

Quisiera, &c.

2.

Querra, &c.

V. Imperative.
Quiere, quiera, queramos, quered, quieran
g.
I.

Indic.
SufjJ.

Subj.

Sepa, sepas, &c.

Suhj.

Definite Perfect.

Supe, supiste, &c.

Supiese, supieses, &c.
III.

Indic.

Present Tense.

S, sabes, sabe, &c.

II.

Indic.

Saber, to know.

Future Tense.

Sabr, &c.
Supiere, &c.

o3

METHOD OF LEAENINO

IV. Simple ConditionaU.

1.
/.

Supiera, &c.
Sabria, &c.

V. Imperative.
Sabe, sepa, sepamos, sabed, sepan.
h. Traer, to carry, to bring.
I.

Indic.

Subj.

Present Tense.

Traygo, traes, trae, traemos, &

Trayga, traygas, &c.
Definite Perfect.

l.

Indic.

Traje, trajiste, &c.

Subj.

Trajese, &c.
fll.

Subjunctive of the Future.

Trajere, &c.

IV. Simple Conditional.

I.

Trajera, &c.

V. hiperative.
Trae, trayga, traygamos, traed, trayjjur
i.

Valer, to be tvorth.
I.

Iridic.

Subj.

Present Tense.

Valgo, vales, vale, &c.

Valga, valgas, &c.
11.

Indicative of the Future.

Valdr, valdrs, &c.

III.

Simple Conditional,

Valdria, valdria?, Sic

II.

THE SPANISH

LAlGDAG:.

IV. Imperative.
Vale, valga, valgamos, valed, valgan.
k. Ver, to see.

Present Tense.

I.

Veo, ves, &c.

Vea, veas, &c.

Tndic.

Subj.

II.

Imperfect Teme.

Vea (or via), veas (or vias), &c.

III

ndic.

Bejlnite Perfect.

Vi, viste, vio, &c.

Viese, &c.

Suhj.

IV. Imperative.
Ve, vea, veamos, ved, vean.

V. Past Partijtle.
Visto.

75.

C.

Veebs belonging to the Thibd Conjugation

a.
I.

Indie.

Suhj.

Asir, to grasp,

Present Tense.

Asgo, ases, ase, &c.

Asga, asga*, &c.
II.

Imperative.

Ase, asga, asgamos, asid, asgau.

METHOD OF LEAENtKO

80

b. Decir, to say.

Present Tense,

I.

Indie.

Suhj.

Digo, dices, dice, &c.

Diga, digas, &c.
Definite Perfect.

II,

Indie.

Subj.

Dije, dijiste, &c.

Dijese, dijeses, &c.

III.

Indie.

Subj.

Future Tense.

Dir, dirs, &c.

Dijere, &c.

Simple Conditionals.

IV.
1.

Dijera, &c.

2.

Dira, &c.

V. Imperative.
Di, diga, digamos, decid, digan.

VI.

Gerund and

c.
I.

Indie.

Suhj.

Subj.

Ducir, to lead.

Present Tense.

Duzco, duces, duce, ducimos, he.

Duzca, duzcas, &c.
II.

Indie.

Participle.

Past Part. Dicho

Cer. Diciendo.

Definite Perfect.

Duje, dujiste, &c.

Dnjese, dujeses, &c.
III. Subjunctive

Dujerc, dujercs, &c.

(f the Future,

TUE SPANISH LANGUAOJ.

IV. Simple Conditional.

81

I.

Dujera, dujeras, &c.

V, Imperative.

Duce/ duzca, duzcamos, ducid, duzcan.

d.

This verb

is

Lucir, to shine.

conjugated in the same manner as ducir.

e.

Indie.

Subj.

Ir, to

go.

Present Tense.

I.

Voy, vas, va, vamos,

Vaya, vayas, &c.

vais, van.

Imperfect Tense.

II.

Iba, ibas, iba, bamos, ibais, iban.

III.

Indie.

Snhj.

Definite Perfect.

Fui, fuiste, fu, fuimos, fuisteis, furou.

Fuese, fueses, &c.

IV. Future Tense.

Indic,

Subj.

Ir, irs, &c.

Fuere, fueres, &c.

V. Simple Conditionals
1.

2.

Fuera, &c,
Ira, &c.
VI. Imperative.

Ve, vaya, vayamos, (vamos),

VII.

Gerund and Past

Ger. yendo

id,

vayan.

Participle.

Past Part.

ido.

82

METHOD OP LEAENINO

THE SPANISH LAyOFAGE.

ill.

ndic.

Subj.

83

Future Tense.

Vendr, &c.
Viniere,

&c

IV. Simple Conditionals,

1.

2.

Viniera, &c.
Vendria, &c.

V. Jinperatice.

Ven, venga, vengamos, venid, vengan.

VI. Gerund.

Viniendo.
70.
Hacerse, to become.

Sentir, to feel.

Dispuesto, disposed.
Todavia, still.

Exigir, to

Preciso, precise.

Acordarse de, to remember.

Caber, to be able to contain.
Figurarse, to imagine.
Costar, to cost.

El

demand.

El acreedor, the creditor.

Escuchar, to listen to.
Cantar, to simj.
espierto, awake.
Acostarse, to yo to bed.

Los

cabellos, the hair.

ojo, the eye.

Doy cinco duros por este trabajo. Mi padre tiene

ya los cabellos blancos. Tu hermana tiene los ojos ne-

Como

me

siento muy bien disde decirme, qu hora

es ?
Quisiera saber la hora
Todavia es temprano
precisa.
Han dado las tres. Sobre todo quiero accordarme de lo que me dijiste. Esta talega cabe mas dii:ero de lo que Vm. pueda figurrselo.
Esta casa cuesta
mas dinero de lo que se habia creido. El hermano
menor quiere hacerse soldado. Cuanto menos dinero
tengo, tanto menos pueden exigir de mi ios acreedores.
Ella te ve todos los dias y t no la ves nunca.
Escchenme Vms. que voy antar. Adonde est tu amo ?

gros.

puesto.

est Vm. ?
Hgame Vm. el

fa or

METHOD OF IEAENHTO

84

Duerme todava? No, Seor, ya est despierto. Ano

che me acost tan tarde que no he podido levantarme
temprano.
Si Vm. viere mis hermanos, dgales Vra,
Que los estoy esperando.

n.
The advantage,

la ventaja.

Far, lejos.
Amicably, araigableinente.
Tlie tradesman, el comerciante.
Worthy of belief, fidedigno.
Poor, pobre.

To

To buy, comprar.
deal of money, un dineral.
The distress, difficulty, el aprieto.
To hasten, apresurar.
To pardon, perdonar.
The trouble, el trabajo.

aid, socorrer.

The general has obtained great advantages over the

enemy through his valour and skill. He lives a little far
from the town. I am sure of that which I say. The bad
mau deserves a hard punishment. 1 knew very well
tliat thy uncle would arrive to day.
He has treated me
very amicably. Thou sayest that this tradesman is very
but I have heard say, and I have d from aman worthy of belief, that he is very poor {pauprrimo).
Tho
least thing that I wish to buy costs me a great deal of
money.
If thou shouldst see my brothers there, tell
them that tey may expect me. He has everything with
him that we may want for the journey. "When I knew
that thou wast in distress I hastened to aid thee. Tell
thy master that I shall send him the coach. Let us go
for a walk in our garden which our father has bought of
thy uncle. I beg you, pardon me the trouble which I have
given you. Tell me are they your sons who walk (go)
there ? I (should) wish that you came every day to visit

rich

me.

Quemar,

to

bum.

El encargo, the cotnmission.

Acudir, to assist.
El premio, the reward.

El esfuerzo, the effort.

El momento, the moment.

Desempear,

Leer, to read.

io

perform

THE SPANISH LANGUAGE,

Instruido, instructed.
EI pan, the bread.

El banquero, the banJcer.

Prosperar, to prosper.

Rem.

Volver, followed

85

Lograr, to obtain.
El intento, the intentiotis
Cansado, a, tired.
Irse, to retire.

by a verb in the

infinitive,

preceded by

the preposition o, serves to render the English adverb again.

Todos veian quemar

y ninguno quiso

la casa

acudir.

Quienquiera que sea hazle entrar. Cualquiera que sea

que haya hecho esto merece un premio. Quienquiera
que quisiese hacer esto no acertar con ello. Luego que
hubo desempeado los encargos del rey se volvi su
Tuvimos que hacer tantos esfuerzos
casa de campo.
que por un momento cre que no saldramos del aprieto.
Crees t que aun tendremos la dicha de volverle ver?
Si mi hermano leyese buenos libros fuera mas instruido
de lo que es.
Aunque sean veces los malos que prosperan, no crea Vm. sin embargo que sean felices.
Sea
como quiera yo lograr mi intento, estoy ya cierto de
Si este pobre tuviera su pan de cada dia aseguello.
rado, seria mas dichoso que el mas rico banquero.
Mis
primas estaban tan cansadas cuando vinieron del paseo
que luego que llegaron se fueron acostarse y duruiiron hasta muy tarde en la maana.
79.

To

suffer, padecer.

According

Pity, lstima.

The

illness, la

The environs,

enfermedad

los alrededores.

to,

The peasant,

segn.
aldeano.

el

Danperous, peligroso.

Sad,

To catch cold, resfriarse

The lie, la mentira.
The splendour, el primor.
The mountain, la montaa
Low, bajo, a.
To ascend, subir.

To guess, adivinar.
The subject, el asunto.
To propose, proponer.
The seraglio, el serrallo.
To load, cargar.
Cumbrous, pesado.

The

The fetters,

tqpy la cima.

triste.

los hierror.

METUI)

86
The sigh, el suspiro.
To use, soler.
The slave, el esclavo.

01'

LKAKNINa

The suspicion, la sospecha.

The tear, la lgrima.
Mean, mezquino.

If any one knew how much I suffer, he would have pify

on (de) me. They say that many have died of this illness,
and that it is very dangerous if one catches cold. All that
(cuanto) he said was (a) lie. You have not seen my palace
you cannot imagine with what (a) splendour it is adorned.
If this mountain were a little lower, I should ascend (it)
;

to the top, to see all the environs, which, according to

the peasants, must be very beautiful. This man is so sad
that I cannot guess what has {Jiahrd) happened to him.
Since we are all together, let us speak of the subject which
you proposed to me yesterday. According to the laws
of the land, both deserved death.
What has happened ?
At this hour, at this same hour, it is now six years, the
unhappy Marsilla departed from his country never to return. I saw him in the garden of the seraglio, loaded with
till

cumbrous fetters, and heard his sighs. Why sighest thou ?

I used to say to him. I am (a) slave, he answered me always. Thou art mistaken in thy mean suspicions.
80.

Los conocimientos, the accomplishmenls.

Recomendar,
Astuto,

a,

to

recommend.

cunning.

El reino, the kingdom.

Kehusar, to refuse.
Servir, to serve.
Deber, to be obliged, ought.

La cnstodia, the custody.

La raaznioria, the dungeon.
La alcabaza, the fortress.
La fuerza, the strength.
Inferir, to infer.

Profundo, a, deep.
Buscar, to seek.
Retirarse,

to retire.

Vestir, to dress.
Juzgar, to judge, think.
La seguridad, the security, safety. Calmar, to calm..
Procurar, to try.
Ignorado, ignored.
Agitacin, agitation.
Bajo, under.
sern los conocimientos que tiene que recomen
este joven sino los amigos que se ha hecho en la
No creaVm. sea mi hermano el mas astuto de
ciudad.
SinoSeria uu disparate quererle escribir.
todos.

No

darin

THE SPANISH LAJGUAGE.

87

fiotros furamos franceses, nos pondran en prisin, esRehusas

tando en guerra con el reino de Francia.
servirme ? Ya sabes t que no puedo rehusarlo. Debes
obedecerme. Asi lo he hecho y asi lo har.
Juzgas
R^imiro se
que he descuidado nuestra seguridad?
hallar aqui tan ignorado como cuando yaca {lay)
bajo tu custodia en la mazmorra mas profunda de la
alcazaba.
De esto infiero que es mas rico en fuerzas
que en oro. Poco es lo que yo os podre' decir. Hacedme merced de tomar silla. Idle buscar, yo tambin
Por Dios que me lo digis. Requiero preguntarle.
tiraos, vestios y procurad calmar vuestra agitacin.
;,

Rp-M.

.1.

The

final

of the 2nd

pers. plur. of the imperative ia

dropped when the pronoun os, yourself, or yourselves, is affixed.

2. The verb ir, with the proposition and infinitive mood, expresses disposition towards.

81.
The hope, la esperanza.
To frustrate, burlar.
The gratitude, la gratitud.
Kind, cordial.
The reception, el obsequio.
To thank for, agradecer.

To remain, permanecer.

To expire, espirar.
To enjoy, gozar.
The appearanee, el semblante.
The sight, la vista.
To respect, respetar.
The title, reason, el ttulo.
To oblige, obligar.
To yield, ceder.
To hinder, impedir.
To rid one's self of, deshacerse
The rival, el rival.
To permit, permitir.
The end el fin.

Indiscretion, imprudencia.

To mingle, mezclar.
To depart, separarse.
de.

The effect, el efecto.

To vent ones grief, desahogarse.
The bosom, el seno.
To suspect, sospechar.
To deceive, engaar.

To remain, quedar.

mo

thyself that if he did remain there (for)

two days he would expire. Don Pedro, I have to speak
to you ifix'st. He has enjoyed very little health this year his
appearance will tell it you at () first sight. I am obliged
Do jou think
to respect you for more than out reasou.

Thou

toldesfc

METHOD or LEAENINO

88

would oblige me to yield? You are mistaken.

Who would hinder me to rid myself of my rival P Must
I (liahia de) permit that at the end of six years my hopes
remain frustrated ? The gratitude for the kind reception
which I have found in your house did not permit me to
Miglit one know,
leave it without thanking you for it.
without indiscretion, whence you come from ? How long
See the effect of my
is it that you departed from him P
indiscretion.
Come, I shall mingle my tears -with yours
vent your grief in my bosom. Everything makes me sus
that this

pect that

(si)

he has (habr) deceived

us.,

82.
Prohibir,

to

El regimiento,

Suponer,

to suppose.

La

El lado,

El capelln, ihe chaplain.

the regiment.
guarnicin, the garrison.
Distante, distant.
I,a funcin, the feast.
Criticar, to criti-isc.

hinder.

the side.

Verificar, to realize.

La

respuesta, the answer.

El

oficial, the officer.

Enfurecido, enraged.
Aadir, to add.
Alterarse, to finch.
El derecho, the right.
La dama, the lady.
El compaero, the companion.
Distinguido, distinguished.
Echar rer, to fall to laughing.
El pariente, the relation.
El charlatan, the charlatan,gHack.GortAr, to cut off.
Severo, a, severe.
La crueldad, the sharpness.
La conducta, the conduct.

Proferir, to utter.

La

Estravagante, extravagant.
Inmediato, a, near, close.

El adversario,

La

insolencia, the insolence.

El bofetn, the box on ihe

La

distancia, the distance.

ear.

disputa, the dispute.

o appease.
the adversary.

Sosegar,

Evitar, to avoid.
La consecuencia, the consequence.
La huida, the escape.

El estado, the profession.

El capelln de un regimiento que estaba de guarnicin en una ciudad de Inglaterra, poco distante de la
capital, estando comiendo un dia, en una funcin, critic
con severa crueldad la conducta de una dama distinguida.
Un coronel que estaba sentado la misma mesa, y paSeor
riente de la seora, tom la palabra y le dijo
charlatan, lo que Vm. acaba de proferir es muy estra
:

THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.

89

yo estuviera mas inmediato Vm. ya le hupero tenbiera castigado su insolencia con un bofetn
galo Vm. por recibido, pues solo lo impide la distancia
que nos separa. Seor coronel respondi el capelln,
mi estado me prohibe llevar espada, pero suponga
Vm. que estoy sentado su lado, que he tomado la
del vecino y que con ella le he pasado el corazn, tengase Vm. por muerto de mi mano, supuesto que solo la
distancia que hay de uno otro impide se verifique.
A
esta respuesta se levant el oficial enfurecido, y el capelln, sin alterarse aadi que una vez que le habla
muerto, no tenia derecho de hablar.
Echronse reir
todos los compaeros, cortaron la disputa y mie'ntras
sosegaban al coronel, su adversario procur evitar la
consecuencias con su huida.
vagante y

si

METHOD OF LEAEIINQ

90

PHEASE&
Buenos dias de Dios Vm.
Buenas tardes de Dios

Vm.
Buena noche tenga Vm.
rt

Como est Vm. ?

Como Vm. se halla
lud

de sa-

Good day

to yo\.

Good evening to you.

{Have a) good flight.

How are you 1

How do you find yourself ?

Estoy bueno, para servir

Ym.
No me

siento
puesto.

Doy gracias
Como est
Vm.?

muy

bien dis-

I am

to serve

toell,

you.

1 do not find myself very

well.

Vm.

su hermano de

Est malo, segn creo.

Est bueno, gracias Dios.
Me alegro mucho.
Se alegrar ver Vm.

tlianlc

Hoic

you,

your brother

is

He is ill, {as) I believe.

He is well, thanks to God.
I am very glad of that.
He will be glad to see you.

A Dios,

Seor.
Dios.
Ola, Seor
Quien est alli P
Que
quiere ? Que desea ?

Vaya Vm. con

!

Muy

buenos dias de Dios A

Holla, Sir

Who

there ?
tcant 1

is

Wiat

you
What
you wish ?
I loish you a good day.

do
do

Vm.
Perdone me Vm.
vengo abrirle.

No

tan de priesa.

Luego

Pardon me,

sir.

shall

come directly to open

door) for you.
{T>o) not

{the

{bein)such a hurry.

THE SPANISH LANQUAGE.

Come

Entre Vni.

Vm.

sea bien venido

(a).

Yms. sean bien venidos

M.

cs lo que veo !
por estas tierras P
;

zar con

Vm.

y vengo almor-

Vm.

welcome.

me

Con qu acostumbra Vm.

abnorzar

What
Yes,

do

and

I see !
I

you, here?

come

to

"break-

fast with you.

Est muy bien hecho y

da Vm. mucho gusto.

Be

Que

Si seor

91

in, sir.

Vm. chocolate,
caf con leche th.
esto ; yo quisiera huevos estrellados y

Tomar

Nada de todo

una mantecada.

Pase adelante Vm.

Juan, da un? silla este
Seor.
Bintese Vm.
Suplico Vm. se sirva de

tomar una silla,

me puedo detener, porque tengo que hacer una

to

vista aqui cerca.

est muy de prisa.

That is very well done, and

you do me a great
favour.
do you usually Ireahfast ?
Will you take chocolate,
coffee with milk or tea ?
Nothing of all that ; Itcish
for some poached eggs and
buttered toast.

What

Come

nearer, sir.

John, give a chair to this

gentleman.
Sit down, sir.
Pray be pleased to take a
seat.

stay any longer, I

must pay a visit in this

I cannot

neighbourhood.
in a great hurry.

Vm.

You are

Presto volver.

I shall return very soon.

I thank you very much for

Doy

infinitas

gracias de la

merced y honra que me

ha hecho.
Suplico Vm.
el trabajo que

me perdone
le

he dado.

the favour

and honour you

have done me.

Pray pardon me the

I have given you.

trouble

METnOD OF LEAENlNa

92
i

Que

Adonde quiere andar Vm.

Vm.

que hacer

tiene

TF/iat

have you

to

do heret

aquiP
?

Where

Quiero irme la botica

comprar un par de gu-

I to ant

you go

will

to go into that shojo

buy a pair of gloves.

to

antes.

Ea

pues

vamonos

yo

le

seguir.

Ya yo

estoy en orden ; vayase delante, yo le seguir.

Vm.
Vm. P
Yo quisiera
Entre

Que

quiere

you want

dos tres pares

de guantes.
por estos
Cuanto quiere
guantes r
Medio escudo por el par.
Es mucho
es muy caro
no valen tanto.
;

Son demasiado baratos pero no quiero ganar con

;

I want

two or three pairs of

gloves.

Sow much

do you want for

these gloves ?

Half

a dollar for a pair.

That is much ; that is very
dear they are not worth
so much.
They are cheap enough, hut
I will not gain anything
:

from you.

Vra.

Wellyletus go, Ishallfolloxo

you.
already ready {to go);
please go first, I shall folllo you.
Please, enter.
What do

I am

Quiere

Vm.

Do you want

Cuanto

le

How much

otra cosa P
h de dar poreste

espejo P
La guarnicin sola vale dos
ducados.
Yo le volver ver por la

Vm.

ser siempre bien venido.

Juan

ven aca

adonde

anything else?
must I give you
for this mirror ?
The trimming alone is worth
two ducats.

To-morrow I shall come and

see you again.

You will always be welcome.

John

'

Come

here

where

jsts P

Sfor? que manda

Vm.

Sir,

tohatdoyou command

THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.

Aqui

estoy,

8eor

que

manda Vm. ?

Sabes que hora es

Here I am, sir; what do you

command ?

Do you know what

o'clock it

is?

Discurro que no han dado

think, it has not yet struck

eight.

las oclio.
rt

What kind

Que tiempo hace ?

iiluere

hace mal tiempo.

El cielo se ha anublado y ya
empieza llovinar.

El tiempo empieza

oftceather is it 1
bad
is raining :
is
it
weather.
The sky is cloudy, and it begins already to drizzle.
The tveather begins to clear
up.
Then I must getup as quickly
as possible.
It seems to me that the w7id
It

sere-

narse.
es preciso levantarme
cuanto antes.
parece que el viento, que
corre, es algo fresquito.

Pues

Me

which blows,

is

little

fresh.

golondrina no hace
verano.
vale un toma que dos

One swalloi does not make

summer.
One take is worth more

te dar.

thantio 'I shall give you.

Books and menresemhle each

Una
Mas

Libros y hombres se igualen.

'

'

other.

Lo bueno

es siempre bueno.

Cada uno mira por s.

Tales amos tales criados.

Like masters,

Los enemigos declarados son

menos peligrosos que los
falsos amigos.

Anduvo con

el

The good is always good.

Every one cares for himself.

Avowed

like

enemies

dangerous

men.
are less
fal

than

friends.

He

tiempo.

accommodated himself

to the times.

Quien todo

lo quiere

todo

lo

pierde.

He who

wishes {to have)

loses everyeverything,
thing.

Las corteses palabras valen

mucho y cuestan poco.

Polite words are worth

and

cost little.

much

METHOD OP LEAENING

94

Cada uno se valga por si mismo.

Eso no me va ni me viene.
Ya no hay ninguna espe-

Every one may help himself

That does not concern me.
There is no hope left.

ranza.

Esto no os valdr nada.

No vale la pena.
No me ira nada
El

tenia

darme ?
Quien selo

(j

The stm

sol sale (est saliendo).

Que

That will he of no use to you.

It is not worth the trouble.
not care about that.

I should

en esto.

JFTiat

dijo esto ?

Who told you that?

He is besidehimself with joy.

cabe en si de gozo.
Los zapatos no me caben.
^Cao Vm. en lo que he
dicho

No

rises.

Vm. que man-

buen

juicio.

puedo caer en quien

es

That

incompatible toith

is

I am

calor.

Este vino sabe bien.

No estoy aoui para perder
tiempo.
Quieres que te diga versi

lam

not here

wish

me

to

my

lose

to tell

you

the truth 1

supiese de msica

Would

Vm. de msica?
Gusta Vm. de chocolate ?

Vm.

Entiende

es apasionado

pera

No,

warm.

time.

Do you
music

I am

cold.

The sun is setting.

This wijie tastes well.

dad?
O,

sense,

cannot remember who you

are.

Tengo fri. Tengo

El sol se pone.

boots do not Jit me.

understand what 1
have said ?

Vm.

me

The

common

No

to tell

Do you

cae eso en

have you

de

la

Do you

that

understOi^d

understand music

Do you like chocolate ?

Are youfond of the opera

seora, soy apasionado

de comedias.
vale ser pobre que ignorante.
mi se me habia olvidado.
Me duele la cabeza.

Mas

Les duelen los dientes.

No t(ngo que decir.

No, madam,

I am

fund of

comedies.
is better to be poor than
ignorant.
I had forgotten that.
I have the head-ache.

It

They have

the tooth-ache,
to say.

have nothing

THE SPANISH LANGUAGIC.

Su capacidad

es tal cual.

No

sabe Vm. nada de nuevo

que decirme ?
hay nada de nuevo.
Las fracetas han traido malas

No

nuevas.

Estamos cansados de ir.

Antes que me determnese
viniese.

Que de buena gana

hablara

We are tired from walking.

He/ore I should resolve on
He permitted him to
Sow much I should

fro.

Hace

Mucho me pesa

come.
like to

speak Spanish.

espaol.

Ojal que m dicha hubiese

durado mas tiempo.

Hace

to

this.

Le permiti que

me

tell

There are no news.

Theneivspapers havelrought
had news.

esto.

yo

95

capacity is middling.
Have you not any news
JL'ts

calor.

su desdicha.

that my happiness
lasted longer.
It is warm.
misfortune grieves me

Would
had
It

is cold.

Sis

much.

Mas

vale ayunar, que no enfermar.

Pongas eso en consideracin,
Gracias por el favor de Vm.

It

Hasta

Down

is better to fast

than

to he

ill.

Take

this into consideration.

I thank you

for your kind'

ness.
la

edad do cincuenta

to the

age of fifty.

aos.

Tiene su hermana
quince aos.

sobre

Sis

sister is

years old.

about fifteen

06

ENGLISH INDEX.
27ie
A, 5

Members

refer to the Exerci&es, not to the Pages.

97

ENGLISH INDEX.
Dance, 51
Danger, 49
Uangerous, 79
Daughter, 6
Day, 23
Dead, 42
Deal of money, 77

Charlatan, 83
Charles, 27
Cheese, 46
Chest, little, 63
Chad, 14

Church, 38
Claas, 29
Clever, 62, 69

Dear, 21
Death, 47
Deceive, 81

Cloak, 31
Close, 82
Coach, 58
Cold, 17,25

Come,

December, 23
Deed, 27
S4,

31,

43,

64,75

Come

off,

Demand,

59

Comes, 54

Commanded,

41,

54

Commerce, 36
Commission, 78

Commit, 71
Companion, 82
Company, 57
Comparison, 45
Compassion, 60
Compassionate, 72
Complain, Sg
Concerns, 41, 42
Concert, 43
Condition, 52
Conduct, 82
Conquered, 63
Conscience, 60

Consequence, 82
Contain, 76
Contented, 35
Contents, 71
Convenient, 67
Convinced, 67
Coronet, 72
Cost, 76
Could, 55, 65
Country, 26
Courage, 48, 58, 71
Court, 37
Cousin, 12
Covet, 51
Creature, little, 32
Credit, 46
Creditor, 76

Crime, /O
Criticize, 82

Crowd, 67

Cumbrous, 79
Cunning, 80
Custody, 80
Cut, 34

Cut

off,

82

Deep, 80
Defeat, 69

Early, 85
Earth, 41

Fathers, 14
Fault, 52
Fear, 41, 64, Og
Feared, 54
Fears, 48
Feast, 82
Feel, 76
Fellow, big young;

Easy, 25
Kat, 41
Eaten, 12
Effect, 81
Effort, 78
Egyptians, 63
Elegant, 25

Embarrassed, 42
Empire, 63

Employment,
End, 81
Enemy, 29

31

England, 40

76

Demanded, 41
Demands, 60

English, 12
Enjoy, 81

Depart, 59, 81
Departed, 38, 59
54
Deserve, 70
Desirous, 43
Destroyed, 67
Destructive, 36
Died, 38, 39, 62, 65
Difference, 29
Difficult, 25
Difficulty, 77
Diligent, 2
Dined, 55
Dinner, 64

Enough,

Directly, 60, 71

Discharged, 33
Disposed, 76
Dispute, 82
Distance, 82
Distant, 82

51, 58

Enraged, 82
Enter, 67
Entered, 49
Enterprise, 54
Entrance, 67
Envious, 69
Environs, 79
Envy, 62
Equal, 41
Erred, 50, 62
Escape, 82
Estate, 44, 64
Eternal, 62
Eternity, 45

Every one, 51
Except, 64
Exchange, 48
Excite, 72

Excuse, 62

Distinguished, 82

Expect, 67

Distress, 11
Divers, 51

Expend,

"1

Expenses, 44
Experiences, 63
Do, 49, 64, 74
Dog, 10 big dog, Expire, 81
;

34

dog, 32 Expired, 48

little

Dollar, 8

Done, 27

Done

with, 51
Door, 14

Doubt,

64,

54

Dress, 47, 80
Drink, 69
Drinks, 35
Drowned, 43
Duchess, 29
Duke, 29
Dungeon, 80

Durable, 62
During, 52
Djitcb, 14

Exposed, 49
Extravagant, 82
Eye, 76
Face, little, 31
Tact, 39
Faithful, 23
Fall, 82, 74

False, 23

Fame, 44
Family, 52
Fnr, 77
Far from, 51
Father, 1
Father-in-law, 67

Fellow-creature, 59

Ferdinand, 27
FertUe, 25
Fetters, 79
Fever, 58, 60
Field, 25
Fig, 10
Fight, 34

Find, 57
Finish, 57
Finished. ^-^
Fire, 6/
First, 23, 39
Fit, 74
Flatter, 68
Flee, 59

Flight, 82
Flinch, 82

Flower, 4
Floiver, little, 31
Fly, 43

Followed;
Foot, 17

.;6

For, 44, 17, 38, 5S

Forced, 47
Foreign, 51
Forget, 67
Forgotten, 39
Fork, 27
Fortress, 72, 80

Found, 10
France, 23
Free, 48

French(

man),

Friend, 8

From, 38
Fruit, 29

Frustrate, 81
Fulfil, 41
Full, 32

Gain, 58, 70
Gained, 52, 58

Garden, 4
Garden, little, 31
Gardener, 12
Garrison, 82
Gate, 38
Gave, 54

12

08
General, 25

ENGLISH INDEX.

ENQLISU; INDEX.
lotner,

little,

32

Ours, 21

Mothers, 14

Overcome, 70

Mountain,

Overtaken, 41

Mouth,

25, 79

little,

31
Paid, 44

Mrs., 54

Much,

Professor, C
8, 53
Property, 51
Propose, 79
Prosper, /S
Prosperity, 69

Promised,

21,

36, 17,

I'ainter, 29

51

-, as,

51, 33

little,

32

Palace, 25

Paper, 50
Parasol, 42
Pardon, 77
Park, 43
Part, 39
Partridge, 33
Pass by, 71
Past, 23, 47
Patience, 70
Patron, 58

Prudence, 71
Prudent, 35
Public, 38

Pumpkin, 31
Parish, 70
Pupil, 6

Purpose, 58, 78
Purse, 43
Pursued, 41
Put, 43, 74

Quack, 82

Rich, 4, 63
Rich man, 33
Riches, 3G
Rid, 81
Right, 57 82
Rigour, 70
Ripe, 14,44
Rises, 57
Rival, 81
Road, 68
Robbed, 41

Robber, 41
Rogue, 4

Romans, 70
Room, 19
,

little,

Round,

19,

Sad,

79

Permit, 81
Peraervering, 7"

Rain, 70

Same,

Read, 6

Peter, 17

, to, 78
Ready, 6
Really, 48
Reason, 59, 81

Saturday, 23
Say, 54, 75
you, 49
they, 49

Perform, 79
Perhaps, 47, 58

Physician, 62
Piece, 67
Pierce, 69
I'ious, 25
Pistol shot, 33
Pity, 79
Place, 39, 67
Placed, 43
Plain, 39
Plan, 27
Play, 60, 67
Pleased, 65
Pleasure, 41, 63
Polite, 21

Rebuild, 71
Receive, 71
Received, C 6t
Reception, 81
Recognise, 63
Recommend, 80

Red, 31
Refuse, 80
Regiment, 82
Relation, 82
Religion, 60

Poor, 77
Post, 45
Postage, 45
Power, 36
Precious, 30
Precise, 76
Present, 8

Remain, 81
Remained, 51, 65
Remaining, 51
Remarkable, 44
Remedy, 47

Reputation, 57
Repute, 47
Require, 71
Respect, 81
Respectable, 63

.little, 31
,

adi., (i5

Pretty, 8
Prince, 27
Principal, 49
Prison, 38
Prisoner, 42
Private, 64
Prodigal, 35
Professiun, 2'J

Remember, 59, 76
Renowned, 25

Rest, 51
Retire, 80

Return, 69, 70

Reward, 78
Rewarded, 47

32

Rose, 14
Rough, 25

Quarter, 37, 55
Quartered, 64
Queen, 17
Question, 12
Quiet, 60

Paul, St., 7
Pear, 10
Peasant, 79
Pen, 10

49,

31

Safety, 80
Said, 41, 49
Salary, 41
41, 45. 51

, imper.,
41
Scarcely, 55
School, 52
Sciences, 36
Seated, 31
Secondly, 39
Security, 80
See, 43, 44, 7
Seeing, 44
Seek, 80
Seen, 10

Sell, 66
Send, 71
for, 63
Sent, 8
back, .10
Separate, 82
Servant, 12, 79
Serve, 80
Set out, 68
Settle, 51, 63
Several, 33
Severe, 82
Sharpness, Qi
She, 19
Shelf, 43
Ship, 36
Shown, 46
Side, 82

100
Sigh, 79

ENGLISH INDEX.

101

SPANISH INDEX.
The Niimhers refer
k 8, 37, 40
Aorir, 71
Abuela, 19
Abuelo, 19

Abundante, 63
Acaba, 49
Acabado, 54
Acaban, 37
Acabar, 67
Acaso, 51
Accin, 27
Acertar, 54

Acordarse, 76
Acostarse, 76
Acreedor, 76
Acudir, 78
Acuerdo, 59
Adelanta, G5
Adelantado, 39
Adivinar, 79
Admiracin, T
Admitirla, 63

Adornado, 31
Adversario, 82
Afin que, 72
A geno, 51
Agitacin. 8n
Agradable, j J
Agua, 16
Aguardar, 68
Ahogaron, 43
Ahora, 57
Airado, 64
Al, 8

Alcanzado, 41
Alcazaba, 80
Aldeano, 79
Alegar, 7I
Alegra, 62

Alemn,

12

Alemania,
Igo, 61

4(j

to the Exercises, not to the Paijes

Alguien,51

102
Casa, 2

PaNISH INDEX.

fiPANISII

INJDET.

Cenera, adj., 67'

Gento, 67
Gloria, 44
Gobernador, 42
Gozar, 81
Grande, 23,29
Grano, 63
Gratitud, 81
Guante, 50
Guarnicin, 82
Guerra, 36
Gusto, 68
Gust, 65

Ha, 6, 47, 57
H, 59, 68
Haber, 49,53
Habia, 27, 48
Habido, 49, 07
Hbil, 62

Hablando, 43
Hablar, 64
Hace, 51
Hacen, 62,64
Hacer, 49, 50, 6e
Hacerse, 79
Hacia, 70
Haciendas, 52
Hallado, 10
Hallar, 37

Han,

14

Haria, 65
Harto, 25, 51
Hasta, ?,8
Hay, 19
He de, 58
Hecho, 27, 30

Hermana,

Hermanita, 31
Hermanito, 32

Hermano, 1
Hermoso, 2
Hroe, 25

Hernando, 27
Hizo, 71
Hierro, 21
Hierros, 79
Higo, 10
Hija, 6
Hijo, 6
Historia, 23
Hoja, 60
HoUandes, 14

Hombrachon, 33
Hombre, 14
Hombrecillo, 31
HoD'''reiuclo. 31

Hombronazo, 31

103

BPANISH INDEX.

104
Malo, 23,29,^3
Malvado, 70

Muchoi, 17

Mandado, 5i
Mandamiento, 50

Muerto
Muger,

Jlanccita, 31

Mugercilla, 45

Mano,

Mundo, 27

39, 65

Mantener, 59

ManiJna, 10
Maana, 37, 57

Muerte, 47
38, 42, 47
14

Murieron, 65
Muri, 39, 2

Muy, 21
Martes, 39
Nacin, 48
21, 24,35,71, Nada,
41,51
72
Nadie, 42, 51
Matado, 3.1
Naturaleza, 72
Matara, 6ri
Navio, 36
Mximo, 29
Necesidad, 47
Mayor, 29
Necesitar, 71
Mazmorra, 80
Negro, 6
Media, 37
Ni, 33
Mdico, 62
Ninguno, 23, 51
Medida, 55
Nio, 14
Medio, 37, 5S
No, 14, 21
Mejor, 29, 58
Noble, 27
Menester, 65
Noche, 37
Menor, 29
Nombrado, 39
Menos, 21, 35,36, 6a Nombre, 43
Mentira, 79
Nosotros, 19
Mercado, 38
Noticia, 60
Merced, 43
Noticias, 44
Merecer, 70
Noviembre, 37
Mrito, 47
Nuestro, 12, 21
Mes, 23
Nuevo, 6
Mesa, 19
Numeroso, 69
Mesita, 31
Nunca, 59, 70
Metal, 71
O, 23
Mezclar, 81
Obediente, 44
Mezquino, 79
Obligado, 47
Mi, 10
Obligar, 81
Miedo, 41
Obrar, 71
Mientras, 35, 52
Obsequio, 81
\iniino, 29
Obstculo, 70
/io, 43
Ocasin, 58
Mira, 45
Ocioso, 35
Mismo, 46, 51
Ocupado, 32
Moceton, 33
Ocurrencia, 47
Mocetona, 33
Oficial, 82
Momento, 78
Oficio, 29
Montaa, 79
Oido, 33
Monte, 25
Oir, 67, 75
Mortal, 63
Ojo, 76
Motivo, 59
Olvidado, 39
Moza, 46
Olvidar, 67
Mozalbillo, 32
Optimo, 29
Mozo, 45, 54
Orden, 59
Muchachito, 32
Oro, 9
Muchacho, 51
Otro, 29, 5
Muchachon, 33

Mas,

Muchacbona, 33
Wucho, 17

Pablo, 71

Paciencia, 'O
Padecer, 79
Padre, 1
Padres, 14
Pagado, 44
Pais, 26
Palabra, 46
Palacio, 25, 46
Pan, 78
Papel, 50
Para, 17. 70
Parage, 67

Parece, 31
Parecen, 45
Parecer, 47
Pareci, 41
Pariente, 82
Parte, 39
Part, 54
Particular, 6l
Partido, 38
Parti, 59
Partir, 59, 68
Pasado, 23, 47

Pasar por, 71
Pasendose, 44
Paseo, 38
Pecado, 50
Pedido, 41
Pedro, 17
Peligro, 49
Peligroso, 79
Pena, 52

Pensamiento, 46
Pequeo, 25, 29
Pera, 10
Perder, 57
Prdida, 59
Perdido, 6
Perdiz, 33
Perdonar, 77
Perezoso, 67,

Permanecer, 81
Permitir, 81
Pernicioso, 35
Pero, 42
Perrazo, 84
Perrito, 33

Perro, 10
Perseverante, 70
Persuadido, 67
Pesado, 79
Picaro, 47
Picaron, 33
Pido, 04
Pi, 17
Piedad, 60
Pieza, 67

Pintor, 29
PintorciUo, 32
Po, 25
Pistoletazo, 33
Placer, 41

Plan, 27
Plata, 19
Plaza, 38

Plomo, 21
Pluma, 10
Pobre, 77
Poco, 42,51, 57
Poder, 36 74
Pn-lia, 65
r,,,ii.io,

41

Podr, 58
Podr, 70
Poner, 74
Por, 38, 39, .',
Porque, 43, Oi
Porte, 45
Postrero, 23
Prado, 43
Precioso, 36
Preciso, 76
Preferible, 52

Pregunta, 42
Preguntado, 42
Preguntar, 6H
Premiado, 47
Premio, 78
Presente, 65
Preso, 42
I' restar, 69
Prima, 12

Primeramente, 39
Primero, 23
Primo, 1239
Primor, 79
Principal, 49
Principe, 27
Prisin, 38

Procurar, 82
Prdigo, 35
Proferir, 82
Prohibir, 82

Prjimo, 57, 58
Prometido, 8
Prometi, 68
Pronto, 4?, 64
Propio, 51

Proponer, 79
Proprio, 51
Proseguido, 41
Prosperar,'
Prosperidad, 6
Protector, 58
Provechoso, 63

108

PANISH INDEX.
Prudencia, ;i
Prudente, 35
Pudiendo, 69
Pudimos, 55
Puedo, 43, 49
Puente, 38
Puerta, 14
Pues, 44, 57
Puesto, 43
Pulgada, 62
Pualada, 34

Respuesta, 82
Retirarse, 80
Retondido, 31
Reunida, 69
Rey, 17
Ricachn, 33

Savero, 82
Si, 33, 44
Sido, 33
Siglo, 63

Rico, 4
Rigor, 70
Rival, 81

Sinagoga, 38
Sino, 48, 62
Sobre, 43, 65
Socorrer, 47

Robado, 41
Rodeado, 31

Sofa, 17
Solas, 58

Que, 21, 29,

Quedar, 81
Quede, 65

Romanos, 70

Soldado, 41, 48
Soler, 79
Solidad, 58

49, 51

Quetado, 51
Quien, 47, 49
Quienes, 47
Quienquiera, 51
Quiere, 47, 50
Quieres, 43

Quiero, 44
Quieto, 60
Quinta, 64
Quitasol, 42
Quiz, 58

Riquezas, 36

Rotondo, 19
Rubio, 31
Ruego, 68

Sbado, 23

Razn, 57
Recibido, 6

S, 41

Recibimos, 64

Sed, 35

Recibir, 71

Seguido, 46
Segn, 79
Segundo, 39

Recomendar, 80
tjS

75

Seguridad, 80
Semana, 23

Regalo, 8
Regimiento, 82
Rehusar, 80
Reina, I7
Reino, 80

Semblante, 81
Semejantes, 59
Sendos, 40
Seno, 81
Sentado, 31
Sentir, 76
Sea, 71
Seor, 41, 43
Seora, 29, 42, 54

Rer, 8i,

Itcapondido

4'

f^eorita, 64,

Seorn, 33
Sepa, 51
Separarse, 81
Ser, 35, 47, 61
Ser, 72, (.vu4s<.)
Serallo, 79

Servir 80

Todava, 76
Todo, 27, 57

Tomara, 62
Trabajar, 69
Trabajo, 58
Trae, 49
Traer, 74
Trado, 44
Traspasar, 69
Trato, 65
Triste, 7Q
Tropas, 69
Tu, 10, 33

Subir, 79
Sucedido, 52
Sueco, 46
Suegro, 67
Sueldo, 41
Sumo, 29
Superar, 70
Superior, 29
Suplicar, 69
Suponer, 82
Supremo, 29
Suspirando, 40
Suspiro, 79
Suyo, 43

T, 19

Tuyo, 43
Unir, 60
Utilidad, 67

Va, 41
Valdra, 65
Vale, 57
Valer, 74
Valor, 71

Van, 37
Vano, 35

Tal, 47, 51
Talega, 43
Talento, 29

Varios, 51

Veces, 40
Vecina, 12
Vecino, 12
Vega, 39
Velar, sg
Vencer, 70
Vencido, 29
Vender, 66
Vendido, 6
Vendr, (il
Venga, 51,54
Venido, 51
Venir, 43, 65, 75
Ventaja, 77

Tambin, 8
Tan, 21, 35
Tanto, 35, 36, 51
Tardar, 69
Tarde, 37
Teatro, 38, 43
Teme, 48
Temer, 69

Tem, 54

Temo, 64
Temprano, 55
Tenedor, 27
Tengo, 17

Ventana, 14

Tengo

oue, 68
Tener, (conjiig.)
Tenia, 51

44

Tomado, 12, 42
Tomar, 68

Su, 10, 12

Reedificar, 7I
Regalito, 3

Religion, 60
Reloj, 17
Relojero, 50
Remedio, 47
Remisin, 65
Kenitame, 39
Rendirse, 69
Reo, 60
Resfriarse, 7&
Respetar, Hl

Tierna, 63
Tierra, 41,
To, 2
Titulo, 81
Toca, 41

Son, 14
Sosegar, 82
Sospecha, 79
Sospechar, 81

Sabe, 47, 52
Saber, 47, 74
Sabido, 54
Sabio, 25
Sablazo, 31
Sacado, 41
Sala, 37, 65
Salido, 59
Salieron, 55

Salud, 62
San, 46,
Sano, 46
Santo, 39

Tiempo, 64

Slito, 31
Solo, 48, 51

Ruido, 47

Salir, 43, 55, 64,

Tia, 2

37

Sin, 41

Rosa, 14

Quejarse, 59
Quemar, 78
Queris, 57
Querer, 67, 74
Querido, 41
Queso, 47

Reconocer,

Silla,

Tertulia, 8?
Tesoro, 72

>7

Ver, 43, 44
Verdad, 62

Tercero, 23

Verdaderamente,
48

Trmino, 48

Verde, 47

10b
Verificar, 83

SrANISlI INDEX.

GRAMMATICAL INDEX.
ne

Nmihers

refer to the Exercises, not to the Pa(jc$.

PK0N0N8.

OltmOGRAPHY.
Interchange of

letters, 41, 53.

41 may be missed,
joined to verbs, 53.
Possessives, 10, 12, 21, 43.
Demonstratives, 45.
Personals,

19

Declension, 16.

Used

for

Demonstrative

Pro-

Relatives, 47.
Interrogativos, 49.
Indefinites, 51.

I'ouns, 45.

Conjugation of haber, 23, 27,

29, 53.

Formation of the Plural,

tener, 19, 56.

14,

ser,

17.

61.

estar, 43, 61.

Augmcntativesand Diminutives,

the

31.

Terms

of address and politeness,

regular

Verbs, 66.
the irregular
Verbs, 73, 74, 75.
Use of the Tenses, 53.

33, 43.

ADJECTIVES.

Agreement, 2, 10.
Formation of the Feminine, 21.
Formation of the Plural, 14,

Moods, 53.
Participles unchangeable, 6.
treated like Adjective,

66 (V).
PREPOSITION.

17.

Position, 19.

Nouns, 16.
Comparison, 21, 25, 27, 29.

Used

as

A, used as sign of the Accuaa

tive, 10.

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