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R e vi e w
A r ticl e
NEW
APPROACHES
TO
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
SOLID
WASTE
ii.
ii.
iv.
v.
plants in the city limits and issued the directive for the
right fuels and appliances that could be used. The
Environment Protection Act of 1986, Hazardous waste
(management and handling) Rule (1989), Bio-medical
wastes (management & handling) Rule (1988) and
Recycled Plastics (manufacture and usage) Rule (1989)
were other laws introduced to help curb generation of
waste and save environment[25].
promoting healthy waste collection, handling and disposal practices. Some of the Municipal Corporation Acts launched
include Delhi Municipal Corporation Act (1959), The Delhi Plastic Bag (Manufacture, Sales and Usage) and nonbiodegradable garbage (Control) Act (2000), UP Municipal Corporation Act (1959) and Karnataka Municipal Corporation
Act (1976)[26][28].
Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling)
Rule, 2000
In the midst of various policies and committees, the
Government of India with Ministry of Environment and
Forest (MoEF) notified the Municipal Solid Waste
(Management and Handling) Rule on September 25, 2000.
The main objective of the rule was to devise scientific
procedures to dispose municipal solid waste effectively. It
also made every municipal authority responsible for
implementation of all provisions in their territory to
develop an effective system for collection, segregation,
storage, transportation, processing and disposal of
waste[29].
The Rule also sets different responsibilities to be fulfilled
by every stakeholder.
i.
Municipal Authorities:
ii.
iii.
iv.
6
In a significant ruling, a Division Bench of Honorable High
Court of Karnataka directed the MoEF to consider various
objections filed against the controversial amendments and
propose a comprehensive Municipal Solid Waste
(Management and Handling) Rule 2013. The direction was
issued in response to PIL filed by Bengaluru based nonprofit Environment support group against Bruhat
Bengaluru Mahanagara Palika (BBMP) and MoEF. The
submission questioned MoEFs notification regarding
invitation for comments and suggestions for Municipal
Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rule, 2013 and
felt the proposed modifications were highly retrograde and
promoted unjustified, unscientific and unnecessary
techniques for management of solid waste. The court also
identified that the proposed amendments had omitted
Schedule II of the existing ruling, which laid down the
details for handling of waste segregation[30].
Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling)
Rule, Draft Notification, (2015)
Even after listing the MSW (Management & Handling)
Rule, 2013 in the gazette of India, not much action was
taken over it. In a recent development, draft notification of
MSW (M&H) Rule 2015 will soon be listed by MoEF
under public domain for objections and suggestions on the
proposal. The new rule focuses on waste generators and
suggests source segregation in three different streams
bio-degradable / wet waste, non-biodegradable waste/ dry
waste and domestic hazardous waste in different bins/bags
to be handed over to waste collectors at the time of
collection31.
Implementation Agencies
MoEF is the nodal agency responsible for implementing
and streamlining the system of municipal solid waste
management in India. Apart from this, Municipal Solid
Waste Manual was published in 2000 by CPHEEO
(Central Public Health Environmental Engineering
Organization) under MoUD (Ministry of Urban
development) to aid execution of these rules32. The rules
related to municipal, plastic and bio-medical are applied at
the State level and it is the responsibility of Municipalities
& ULBs (Urban Local Bodies) to implement and monitor
the laws related to collection, segregation, storage,
transportation, processing and disposal of solid waste19.
Ministry of Law has also been assigned the task of
preparing legal framework in connection with state
governments and effective implementation of policies.
Status Compliance with Solid Waste Management in
India
More than a decade after the implementation of various
rules and policies initiated by the Government of India;
state municipalities, ULBs and private companies of many
states failed to initiate the measures of solid waste
management5. Paucity of resources, inability to outsource
activities, lack of in-house capabilities, insufficient funds &
staff and low level of implementation are some reasons for
Figure 3: Status of compliance of municipal solid waste (management & handling) rule, 2000
Collection of Waste
Segregation of Waste
Unavailability of primary
collection vehicles and
equipment
Insufficient response from
citizens & Lack of financial
support
Difficulty in motivating slum
dwellers
Lack of personnel door-to-door
collection and sustainable
containers
Frequent Absenteeism of sanitary
workers
Unavailability of sanitary
workers on Sundays and public
holidays
-
Storage of Waste
ii.
iii.
Disposal of Waste
i.
Transportation of Waste
iv.
v.
vi.
and
the
7.
8.
9.
10.
CONCLUSION
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
REFERENCE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
8
6.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
m_content&view=article&id=66&Itemid=76>.
[23
December 2015]
38. Nasik Municipal Corporation. Solid waste management Plan
for Nasik Municipal Corporation. Nasik, India, 2011.