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A.4
A.4.1
Call request queuing is supported wilhin TETRA and Erlang C table is therefore useful
for trunking capacity estimation under call queuing strategy. With the Erlang C system. a
call arriving at a busy system is queued rather than blocked immediately as in the Erlang
B system. A queued call wi ll only be lost if it cannot be connected within a certain
queuing time To which is usually imposed by the switching system. The queued call
requests do nol. unlike Erlang B. immediately contribute to a ncw arrival process and
therefore a modified equation applies to Erlang C formu la as shown below .
c
( A.3)
NOIe thm the Erlang C equation gives the probability of queue. PQo that an arriving caU
finds a busy system and has 10 wail. (I Po is the probabi lity that call requests are being
serviced). The equatio n does not say how long the wait time is and for this another
equation is employed. The probability that a qllelled call waits for more than I is given by
(A.4)
where A. C and T are as defined for Erlang B fo rmula. On the o ther hand, the probability
that all cal/s, including those serviced immediately. are delayed for more than I is given
by PQ- PU" The unde rlying assumptions of traffic source behaviour for Erlang B also apply
to Erlang C. with some additional poi nts 3 5 noted be low.
The queue size is assumed to be sufficiently large (ideally infinite) and queued calls
are served o n first-come first-served basis.
Erlang C function makes sense only if p < I (or A < C) otherwise the queue would
overflow as the system cannot cope with the call requests.
r:ample: An 8-channe l trunked TETRA system operates under a call queuing strategy
with up to 5% of call connections delayed. Determine the additional number of channe ls
required for lowering the de layed calls to I % o r less. What percent of the delayed calls
waits beyond the mean call holding time T. before and after increasing the channel?
Soll/tio,,: Given C = 8 and Po = 0 .05 (5%). from the Erlang C table on the next page, the
offered traffic can be found to be A = 3.87 . If Po has to be reduced to 0.01 ( 1%). for
approximately the same offered traffic the number of channels can be found to be 10. This
corresponds to the nearest safe value of A = 4.08 from the table. Hence two additionaJ
channels would be required. The probability of queued calls waiting for more than Ti s
given by equation A.4. Since the waiting time is equal to the mean call holding time T.
equation A.4 reduces to ~K""'j giving. Pw = 0.016 for C = 8, and Pw = 0.0022 for C = 10.
Hence. with 8 channels 1.6% of the queued calls wait for more than the mean call holding
ti me. As expected. this figu re is reduced to 0.22% after the channel is increased to 10.
Ap~tld jces
A.4.2
425
Erlang C Table
The table gives the o ffered traffic load A in Edongs corresponding to lhe number of Iraffi c
channe ls C in a lrunk (column I) and C3.11 queuin g probabililY PQ in percentage (lOp row).
Delay Probability. PQ
Channels
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426
Delay Probabilily. Po
Channels
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