BIOS 351: Microbiology Laboratory

Quiz #???
10 Points
Oxidation and Fermentation Tests
(2 pts) What is metabolism?
The total sum of the chemical reeaction that occur in a cell.
(2 pts) What is catabolism?
The breakdown of food materials
(2 pts) What is anabolism?
The biosynthesis of cell constitutent.
(2 pts) Why is it necessary for bacteria to make and secrete exoenzymes?
Bacteria cannot phagocytosis because of their rigid cell wall, exoenzymes are secreted to degrade
large macromolecules for the bacteria to ingest.
(4 pts) Give two examples of coenzymes.
Conenzyme A, FAD
(4 pts) What are the final two end products of respiration?
Carbondioxide and water
(4 pts) List two possible end products of fermentation.
Aldehydes, and acids
(2 pts) What type of phosphorylation leads to production of ATP in respiration?
Oxidative phosphorylation
(2 pts) What type of phosphorylation leads to the production of ATP in fermentation?
Substrate level phosphorylation
(2 pts) What is the indicator used in sugar fermentation tubes?
Phenol red
(4 pts) Name two sugars that bacteria may be able to ferment.
Glucose lactose
(2 pts) Which indicator is used in the test for sugar fermentation?
Methyl red or barritts reagent

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(2 pts) Describe the appearance of a positive test for sugar fermentation in a Durham tube.
The phenol red indicator turns to yellow in acidic
(2 pts) Describe the appearance of a negative test for sugar fermentation in a Durham tube.
The tube will remain red
(2 pts) The production of what end product leads to a color change in a sugar Durham tube?
acids
(2 pts) When using a Durham tube, how can you tell whether gas has been produced as a result
of the chemical reaction?
It is revealed by the displacement of medium from the tube.
(2 pts) What type of medium is used to test for mixed acid fermentation?
MR-vp medium is a glucose broth that is buffered with peptone and dipotassium phosphate
(2 pts) Which indicator is used in the test for mixed acid fermentation?
Methyl red

(2 pts) Describe the appearance of a positive test result for mixed acid fermentation.
Methyl red will turn red in acid is present
(2 pts) Describe the appearance of a negative test result for mixed acid fermentation.
The tube will stay yellow
(2 pts) What enzyme is able to split formic acid to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas?
Formic hydrogenlyase
(2 pts) What type of medium is used to test for 2,3-butanediol fermentation?
MR-VP medium
(2 pts) The test for butanediol fermentation is also known as the _voges-proskauer_ test.

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(2 pts) Describe the appearance of a positive test result for 2,3-butanediol fermentation.
The tube will turn pink if acetoin is present
(2 pts) Describe the appearance of a negative test result for 2,3-butanediol fermentation.
It will stay yellow
(2 pts) What type of medium is used to test for citrate utilization?
Ammonia containing broth
(2 pts) The production of what end product leads to a color change in the citrate test?
ammonia
(2 pts) Describe the appearance of a positive test result for citrate utilization.
The broth turns from dark green to deep blue
(2 pts) Describe the appearance of a negative test result for citrate utilization.
The broth will remain dark green

(2 pts) The oxidase test assays for the presence of which enzyme?
Cytochrome oxidase
(2 pts) Describe the appearance of a positive test result for oxidase production.
An electron acceptor will change from yellow to purple when electrons are transferred fromn
reduced cytochrome
(2 pts) Describe the appearance of a negative test result for oxidase production.
The artificial receptor remains yellow
(2 pts) What is the name of the enzyme that helps to convert hydrogen peroxide to water and
oxygen?
catalase
(2 pts) Describe the appearance of a positive test result for catalase production.
There will be a vigorous bubbling due to breakdown of hydrogen peroxide and production of
oxygen gas

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(2 pts) The nitrate test assays for the presence of which enzyme?
Nitrate reductase
(2 pts) What is chemical formula for the nitrate ion?
NO3(2 pts) What is the chemical formula for the nitrite ion?
NO2(2 pts) TRUE or FALSE - Nitrate ion can be reduced to nitrite ion.
TRUE
(2 pts) TRUE or FALSE - Nitrite ion can be reduced to nitrate ion.
FALSE
(4 pts) If gas is observed in a nitrate Durham tube, what chemical process (include reactants and
products) has occurred?
NO3-+2e-+2H+===NO2-+H20
(2 pts) Describe the appearance of a positive test result for nitrite production.
A DARK red color
(2 pts) In the test used to determine whether nitrate was previously reduced to a nongaseous end
product, what substance is used?
Sulfanilic acid
(2 pts) In the test used to determine whether nitrate was previously reduced to a nongaseous end
product, what does a positive test result look like?
A dark red color
(2 pts) In the test used to determine whether nitrate was previously reduced to a nongaseous end
product, what does a negative test result look like?
A white color

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