A Brief Chronology of Kashmir

Source: Pakistan Forum, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Nov., 1971), pp. 2-3

Published by: Middle East Research and Information Project (MERIP)
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2568952
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Page

Pakistan

Kashmir"
"Quit
launched
against

1946

October

CHR0N0L0GY

the
Resistance
oppressagainst
ive
of the Maharajah
regime
Sheikh
in Kashmir.
begins
of the
President
Abdullah,
National
Conference,
emerges
as the major
of the nonleader
is
Abdullah
violent
struggle.
favoured
National
by the Indian
for
Popular
Congress.
support
the
outside
Kashmiri
struggle
in Punjab
state
resides
mainly
Frontier
and the North-West
which
later
become
Province,
of West Pakistan.
parts

1931

August

BRIEF

becomes
a separate
Kashmir
of the
as a result
entity
to hand over
British
decision
the territory
to Gulab
Singh
sum of
of a paltry
on payment
for
as a reward
million
$1.6
with
them
his
collaboration
of
the
Sikh rulers
against
A Hindu Dogra dynasty
Punjab.
established
is thus
in a preMuslim
area.
dominately

18i+6

1947

1947

Forum

November

OF

KASHMIR
Sheikh
plebiscite.
Abdullah,
to accession
to
opposed
the Indian
Pakistan,
supports
the prime
move and becomes
minister
of emergency
admin?
in Kashmir.
istration

November

1947

to
Britain
independence
grants
and India
is
the
Sub-Continent
Muslim
into
major?
partitioned
Pakistan
and Hindu majority
ity
The
Indian
Union
or Bharat.
of 56O princely
fate
states,
is left
to
Kashmir,
including
The Maharaja
the local
rulers.
resists
the popular
of Kashmir
or
demand for independence
Revolt
to Pakistan.
accession
district
out in Poonch
breaks
forces
are
and the Maharaja*s
The
routed
on August
27th.
ruler
responds
by a brutal
massacre
of the Muslim
popula?
tion.

March

1950

Governor
General
Pakistan1s
the
meets
with
M.A. Jinah
Lord
General
Indian
Governor
Mountbatten
and proposes
withdrawal
of all
ceasefire,
and holding
of
forces
outside
under
a plebiscite
joint
superand Pakistan.
vision
of India
India
Jinah*s
prorejects
forces
Indian
advance
posals.
the Kashmiri
fighters
against
tribesmen.
and Pakistani
in the
India
complaint
lodges
Nations1
United
Security
Pakistani
Council
against
the freedom
aiding
personnel
The
in Kashmir.
fighters
reIndian
however,
delegate,
his
iterates
governmentfs
the people
of
that
pledge
shall
Kashmir
eventually
their
decide
own future
by
Paki?
of a referendum.
means
a counter
files
stan
complaint.
takes
The Security
Council
up
issue
and estabthe Kashmir
for India
a commission
lishes
The
and Pakistan
(UNCIP).
is authorized
to
Commission
for bringing
normal
take
steps
and
in Kashmir
conditions
of a
the holding
facilitating
the
plebiscite.
By Spring
inflict
forces
Indian
heavy
on the Azad forces.
losses
forces
The Pakistani
regular
the
to support
Kashmir
enter
and the
Kashmiris
retreating
are engaged
in
two countries
a direct
combat.
On August
a
the UNCIP passes
13th,
resolution
the two
urging
cease?
to declare
countries
their
and to withdraw
fire
as a prefrom Kashmir
forces
India
to a plebiscite.
lude
the U.N.
and Pakistan
accept
proposal.

194&

is
movement
the Maharaja.

to the rebelling
In response
for help,
Kashmirisf
appeal
West
from Northern
tribesmen
cross
into
Kashmir.
Pakistan
Kashmir
The Azad (Free)
advance
Forces
and tribesmen
the capital,
towards
Srinagar.
Ghulam Abass
On October
24th
of
the formation
announces
The
Azad Kashmir
government.
flees
Maharaja
panic-stricken
in
takes
refuge
Srinagar,
for help.
India
Jammu and asks
demands
The Indian
government
to India
of Kashmir
accession
for Indian
as a condition
for the Maharaja
support
the Kashmiri
people.
against
the access?
insists
that
India
and the fate
ion is temporary
will
be decided
of Kashmir
by
the people
in an impartial

1971

5,

1949

A UNCIP resolution
binds
India
a free
to honour
and Pakistan
in Kashmir:
"The
plebiscite
of the accession
of
question
the
State
of Jammu and Kashmir
will
be
or Pakistan
to India
the democratic
decided
through
and impartial
method
of a free
plebiscite.11
reaffirmwhile
India,
publicly
of a plebiscite
ing its
peldge
in Kashmir,
to take
begins

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November

Pakistan

1971

CHRONOLOGY (Continued

from

page

1954-55

embittered
Sheikh
Abdullah,
demands
tactics,
by Indian
of
immediate
Implementatlon
and the holdUN resolutions
On
of a plebiscite.
ing
9th he is removed
August
from the Prime Ministership
where
into
and thrown
jail,
until
he remains
195^?
a mutual
Pakistan
signs
with
the United
pact
security
two AmericanStates
and joins
alliances,
military
sponsored
Pact
SEATO and the Baghdad
the
The Indian
govern?
(or CENTO).
these
ment uses
developments
out
for backing
as an excuse
of allowing
from its
promise
The
a plebiscite
in Kashmir.
Soviet
Union,
antagonized
by
hostilPakistan's
unwarranted
her
throws
towards
her,
ity
India.
behind
support
China
imperial?
their
and support

1962

With India
provoking
armed conflict,
into
ist
countries
change
on Kashmir
position
India.

1963-64

makes
'The Indian
government
and
proclamation
appropriate
amendments"
"constitutional
to formally
in order
"integrate"
All
with
Kashmir
India.
opposiis met with
moves
to these
tion
force
brute
and imprisonment
of leaders.

1965

Page

2)

for
measures
consolidating
"accession".
its
1953

Forum

Pakistani
having
legitrulers,
of
their
imized
usurpation
in the name of libera?
power
feel
of Kashmir,
tion
extremely
of the
as a result
isolated
of imperialist
erosion
support
and
in the U.N,
for Pakistan
within
the growing
opposition
to keep
In order
the
country.
"alive"
and
issue
the Kashmir
to mobilize
public
support
the Pakistani
for the regime,
sends
non~Kashmiri
military
into
commandos
Indian-occupied
between
Hostilities
Kashmir.
break
out
India
and Pakistan
cease-fire
at the Kashmir
forces
As Pakistani
line.
the Indians
advance
to Chhamb,
bound?
international
the
cross
an attack
ary and launch
Lahore
and Sialkot.
against
in
succeeds
U.N.
intervention
a cease-fire.
about
bringing
President
Pakistani
Ayub Khan
Prime Minister
and Indian

the infamous
and sign
Shastri
go to Tashkent
the Soviet
under
d.eclaration
Tashkent
sponsordoes
to even
not bind
India
The document
ship.
issue
with
The
the Kashmir
Pakistan.
discuss
feel
of Pakistan
and strongly
people
betrayed
of their
the compromising
position
oppose
government.
The era of moralistic
and constitutional
of the Kashmir
solution
to the
approach
An increasing
comes to an end.
"problem"
to recognize
the
of Kashmiris
number
begin
of Pakistanfs
true
character
clique
ruling
for a self-sustained
armed
and the need
their
liberation
national
against
struggle
and Pakistani
Indian
oppressors.

TWO NEHRUS

"I want to stress

that
it is only
the
of Kashmir
who can decide
the
future
people
of Kashmir.
It is not that
we have merely
that
said
to the United
and to the
Nations
of Kashmir;
it is our conviction
and
people
one that
out by the policy
is borne
we have
in Kashmir
not only
but elsewhere.
pursued,
...we
would
leave
Kashmir
if it
willingly
was made clear
the people
of
to us that
Kashmir
us to go,
wanted
However
sad we may
feel
we are not going
about
to
leaving,
the wishes
We
of the people,
against
stay
are not going
to impose
ourselves
on them.
at the point
of the bayonet.,f
in Lok Sabha,
(Statement
August
7,1952).
is
"Kashmir
make it perfectly
of India
no part
(Public

I want to
a part
of India.
clear
that
come what may,
can be separated
from it."

meeting,

New Delhi:

January

30,195^)

.AND AN AYUB KHAN

as a result
"...I
was told
that
of
Ghulam Abbas*s
threat
the cease?
to breach
fire
line
with
a serious
law
large
Jathas,
and order
The President
had arisen.
situation
to
Mirza
Iskander
been
authorized
...had
interview
Ghulam Abbas and recommend
course
of action.
I found
to my utter
that
horror
he had recommended
be
should
that
no action
taken
Abbas and his
until
against
they
people
reached
the cease-fire
Then the army
line.
was to arrest
them without
any use of force!
I at once rang up the President
and protested against
this
and
amateurish
decision
if any action
that
is to be taken
demanded
it
authorities
civil
should
be taken
by the
in Pakistani
or in Azad Kashmir
territory
on this
A cabinet
was held
meeting
territory.
. .It was
and my recommendations
were approved.
Abbas and
with
decided
we should
that
deal
them to create
his
and not allow
men firmly
Masters.)
(Frxends.Not
in the country."
turmoil

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