Department of AE&IE

Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory (Experiment 2)

EXPERIMENT NO. 2
Aim: To generate sine, square and triangular wave with different frequency,
phase and amplitude.
Apparatus Required: PC, LAB VIEW 8.5.
THEORY:
FREQUENCY: It is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit
time. In other words, it is defined as the number of frequency is Hertz (HZ).In
other words, it is defined as the number of cycles per unit time. It is usually
denoted by f.
Mathematically:
f=1/T
c=velocity of light,

or f =c/

Where T=time period,

=wavelength.

AMPTITUDE: It is the magnitude of change in the oscillating variable with

each oscillation or oscillatory system.
PHASE: Phase is sinusoidal function or waves having two different but
closely related meanings. One is the initial angle of a sinusoidal functions at
its origin and is sometimes called Phase offset. Phase of an oscillation or
wave refers to a sinusoidal function such as:
x(t)=A cos(2ft +) ; y(t)=A sin(2ft +)=Acos(2ft +-/2)
Where A, f and are constant parameters called the amplitude, frequency
and phase of the sinusoid.
SINE WAVE: It is a mathematical function that describes smooth repetitive
oscillation. Its most basic form as a function of time (t) is:
y(t)=Asin(t+)
Where A is the amplitude of the peak duration of the function from its center
position and is the angular frequency specifies how many oscillations
occur in a unit time in radians per second.
SQUARE WAVE: It is the kind of non-sinusoidal waveform most typically
encountered in electronics and signal processing. An ideal square wave
alternates regularly and instantaneously between the two levels.
Mahant Bachittar Singh College of Engineering and Technology

Department of AE&IE

Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory (Experiment 2)

Using Fourier expression with cycle frequency f and time t, we can write
an ideal square wave as infinite series of the form:

sin 2 ( 2 k1 )
Xsq(t)=4/
2 k1
k=1

ft

sin (10 ft ) +
=4/ sin2 ft 1 6 ft +1/3
3

TRIANGULAR WAVE: It is a non sinusoidal waveform named for its

triangular shape. It is a periodic piecewise, linear, continuous function. It
contains only odd harmonics.

Mathematically:

Xtriangle=8/

( t )k
k=0

sin 2 ( 2 k 1 ) t
(2 k +1)2

=8/

1
1
sint sin 3 t + sin 5 t
9
25
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Mahant Bachittar Singh College of Engineering and Technology

Department of AE&IE

Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory (Experiment 2)

Fig:2.1 LabVIEW Block Diagram for Waveform Generation with

Different-parameters

PROCEDURE:
1. Open LabVIEW in PC.
2. Click on blank VI. This opens two windows in the computer namely
block diagram and front panel window.
3. Press ctrl+t on the keyboard to title block diagram window and front
panel window.
4. Right click on the block diagram window to open function tool bar. Go
to signal processing options.
5. Clicking on signal processing option opens signal processing pallet.
This pallet contains different generations. Signal processing tool box
opens.
6. Clicking on waveform generations option opens another waveform
menu /tool pallete with different waveform generation options.
Mahant Bachittar Singh College of Engineering and Technology

Department of AE&IE

Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory (Experiment 2)

7. Drag and drop sine waveform, square waveform and triangular

waveform tools on the block diagram window.
8. Right click on front panel , go to numeric control in express tool bar
pallete.
9. Drag and drop numeric control options to control frequency, phase and
amplitude of individual waveforms. These waveforms places a
minimum numeric control option in the front panel window and a
corresponding numeric control icon for each input
10.
Connect frequency, phase and amplitude controls to the
respective control points on different icons.
11.
Right click on the front panel, go to graph indicator option in
expression tool bar.
12.
Drag and drop graph option for each waveform output in the
front panel window. This places an individual graph for waveform
output in front panel window and a corresponding waveform graph icon
in the block diagram window.
13.
Connect the waveform graph icon to the respective signal option
for the each waveform generation icon.
14.
Click on run continuously button to generate sine, square and
triangular waveform with different frequency, amplitude and phase.
15.
Change the parameters in the front panel to observe the
variations in generated waveforms.
RESULT:
Sine, Square and Triangular waveforms with different phase, frequency and
amplitude are generated and controlled successfully using LabVIEW 8.5.

Mahant Bachittar Singh College of Engineering and Technology