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Key Terms
Fabrics
Fibers
Natural Fibers
Regenerated Fibers
Synthetic Fibers
Definition of Fibers.
A morphological term for substances characterized by their flexibility,
width.
The term refers to units that can be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by
Natural Fibers
Natural fibers are textile fibers made
lambs
Cotton
Cellulosic fiber
From bolls (seed pods) growing on bushes
Environmentally friendly cotton can be grown in a
range of colors
Main textile products of China, India, Iran, Pakistan
and Egypt
Made into a wide range of wearing apparel
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Cotton
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Comfortable
Absorbent
Wrinkles easily
sun
Burns easily
Affected by mildew
Washable
Strong
Drapes well
Easy to handle and sew
Inexpensive
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Linen (Flax)
Flax is the fiber name; linen is the
fabric name.
Worlds oldest textile fiber, dates
back to Stone Age 5,000 years.
Cellulosic fiber from stem of flax
plant.
Towels, sheets, and tablecloths
are called linens.
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Linen (Flax)
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Strong
Wrinkles easily
Comfortable
Can be expensive
Hand-washable or dry-cleanable
Shrinks
Absorbent
Burns easily
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perspiration
Ravels
Difficult to remove creases
Shines if ironed
Jute
Jute is a long, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong
threads.
The fibers are off-white to brown, and 14 meters (312 feet) long.
Bangladesh is the worlds largest exporter of jute. Jute is grown in the
same land-water area as rice and is a very difficult crop to grow and
harvest.
Other important jute export countries include India, China, Burma
(Myanmar), Pakistan, Nepal and Thailand.
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Advantages
Great antistatic properties
Low thermal conductivity.
Moisture Regain properties is good
enough (about 13.75%).
100% Biodegradable; so it is
environment friendly fiber like Cotton.
Cheap in market.
Can be widely used in Agriculture
Sector, Textile Sector, Woven Sector,
Nonwoven Sector.
Jute Fiber can be blended with Natural
and Synthetic fibers.
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Disadvantages
The crease resistance of Jute is very low.
Drape Property is not good enough.
Create Shade effect and becomes yellowish if sunlight
is used.
If Jute is wetted it lose its strength.
Coir
Is a natural fiber extracted from the husk of coconut
Products such as floor mats, doormats, brushes,
mattresses, etc.
Technically, coir is the fibrous material found between the
hard, internal shell and the outer coat of a coconut.
Other uses of brown coir (made from ripe coconut) are in
upholstery padding, sacking and horticulture.
White coir, harvested from unripe coconuts, is used for
making finer brushes, string, rope and fishing nets.
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Hemp
Hemp fiber was widely used throughout
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Banana Fibers
A native plant of Southeast Asia, banana is now
grown extensively in all tropical countries for fruit,
fiber or foliage.
These fibers are obtained mainly from stem.
The fibers obtained from the central core are of
. quality compared to the fibbers obtained
lower
mainly from pseudo stem. At present, banana fiber
is available in three qualities
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Wool
Protein fiber from sheep or lambs
Worsted wool is higher quality with long
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Wool
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Warm
Affected by moths
Lightweight
Wrinkle-resistant
Absorbent
Absorbs orders
Dyes well
Scratchy on skin
Comfortable
Durable
Creases well
Easy to tailor
Recyclable
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Silk
Silkworms spin cocoons in filaments
Filament is a very long, fine, continuous thread
It can take as many as 500 cocoons to create 1 blouse
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Silk
Advantages:
Soft
Drapes well
Dyes and prints well
Very strong
Lightweight
Resists soil, mildew, and moths
Comfortable
Absorbent
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Disadvantages:
Expensive
Needs special care, dry cleaning
Stains with water
Yellows with age
soap
Attacked by insects, silverfish
Sisal fibers
Sisal is a perennial hardy plant, which
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Pineapple(PINA) Fiber
Pia is a fiber made from the leaves of a
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Manufactured Fibers
Manufactured fibers are fibers created by a manufacturing process of any
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Rayon
1st manufactured in 1894 by the American Viscose
Company
Used during WW 1 for industrial products
Derived from wood pulp, cotton linters, or vegetable
matter
Rayon led to crepe, velvet, and satin fabrics
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Rayon
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Drapes well
Low resiliency
Durable
Heat sensitive
Highly absorbent
Susceptible to mildew
Stretches
Inexpensive
Colorfast
May be washable
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Acetate Rayon
Developed in early 20th century
Produced in 1924 by the Celanese Corporation
Used to line coats and fabrics
Advantages:
Luxurious appearance
Disadvantages:
Requires dry cleaning
Weak
Heat sensitive
Drapes well
drying
No pilling, little static
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Lyocell
Lyocell is the newest of the cellulosic manufactured fibers
Trade name is Tencel
Advantages:
Absorbent
Biodegradable
Strong
Resists sunlight, aging, and abrasion
Disadvantages
Susceptible to mildew
Used to Make:
Reusable woven materials
Fashion fabrics
Soft denims
shirts
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Bamboo
It is a regenerated cellulose fiber.
Bamboo fiber is 100% made from
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Advantage:
High strength, health care
Anti- bacteria
Moisture management and
Soft hand feel
Anti-static
Perfect for Sensitive Skin
Disadvantage:
Poor spinability
High cost (30 to 40 % higher than cotton)
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Corn Fiber
Trade name of this fiber is Ingeo.
Ingeo fiber combines the qualities of natural
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independent testing.
Has excellent U.V. resistance (better than polyester).
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Milk Fiber
Milk Yarn is made from milk protein fibers.
To make it, milk is first dewatered, i.e. all the water content
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Advantages
Eco-friendly in nature.
It can be considered as Green Product .
More compatible to human skin.
Milk fiber has sanitarian function.
Comfortable, excellent water transportation & air permeability.
Milk Fiber has the advantages natural Fiber combined with
synthetic Fiber.
It gets wrinkles easily after washing and needs to be ironed every time.
It should not be washed in machine and that is because it's not a very hard fiber
Due to abundance of other fabrics like polyester, milk fabric never really became that popular
It is expensive
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Synthetic Fiber
Polyester
Synthetic fiber developed in the 1950s by DuPont
Advantages:
Strong
Crisp, but soft hand
Resists stretching and shrinkage
Washable or dry-cleanable
Quick drying
Resilient, resists wrinkles
Abrasion resistant
Resistant to most chemicals
Colorfast
Strong, durable
Dyes well
Disadvantages:
Low absorbency
Static and pilling problems
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Nylon
Invented in 1938 by DuPont
1st synthetic fiber
Made completely from petrochemicals in an experimental laboratory
Advantages:
Lightweight
Exceptional strength
Abrasion resistant
Easy to wash
Resists shrinkage and wrinkles
Resilient, pleat retentive
Fast drying, low moisture absorbency
Can be pre-colored or dyed in a wide range
of colors
Resists damage from oil and many chemicals
Insulating properties
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Disadvantages:
Static and pilling
Poor resistance to sunlight
Low absorbency
Picks up oils and dyes in wash
Heat sensitive
Acrylic
and wrinkles
Wool-like, cotton-like, or blended appearance
Excellent pleat retention
Resists moths, oil, chemicals
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Disadvantages:
Low absorbency
Develops static
Pilling
Heat sensitive
Weak
Dissolved by nail polish remover
(acetone)
Spandex
Developed in 1959 by DuPont
Stretches over 500% without breaking
Advantages:
Lightweight
Retains original shape
Abrasion Resistant
Stronger than rubber
Soft, smooth, supple
Resists body oils, perspiration, lotions, detergents
No static or pilling
Disadvantages:
Whites yellow with age
Heat sensitive
Harmed by chlorine bleach
nonabsorbent
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Microfibers
Newest trend in fashion
1st developed in 1989 by DuPont
Ultra-fine fiber
Denier is a unit of measurement used to identify the
Disadvantages
Heat sensitive
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Kevlar
Bullet Proof Vests
Cut/Heat and Chemical
resistant Gloves
Nomex
Fireman Uniforms
Racing Apparel
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The End
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