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21

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C!5p)JUJ/b6iT (!jJQr6lfJ [TffliJ/bU 4lir6Tfi

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et "iTp_) tt rT Q f!jrr ruairr u tiltLJW tt It.

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et Gig u ffP GlJr!J)1J I>i' If) LJ. "dPlo"o8j~ UJ I ~o "oSiIJl-UJ I ELo ~8ilJ1-UJ I U1 p5J UJ I $UJ I G1urflu/' ~ro-UQfT fiT@~.{!Ua-,airrL@.

~ tiJlb JlQ)6lJLUiJlIW 6JJ6TJ!T$g)Q) uS/6irC:/fJ

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et 6M u.fbJ ~!Ji1J ~i' rfJ LJ. (yJ(j~~.ffP' (!JJL/.!'!_§/ fiT~ U6"5T fiT@~~ c9Je;rrL_@. [i)6'f)6l) ZL{D!J;~ g) .

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o • 0 • 0 •• rfJ' • •

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Q/&fJ /JiJrfJLfw f!FfTrflrnUJu Lffilf5TtTUL/W fP;,i'UJGUalLDL/ (assimilation) er 6ir ~ t.b QfJjp5J (yJ6G">!D U tbp5JUJQfT.

~w~aO QJ®t.D ~Afl'; g"lT!Da&1T '

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etsut : ~o~®

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•

urr6\JfT~IT

23

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~GlJ+!!JI = ~o~.:3)J - dP/i>~ - ~i!;l. @r!iJffil~C:LD 6J~tffiUJG1Jt1J.

" ~ iJ G,);fJ rr (f;I tEl W fD:!JI ~ 6m 6lJ 5 CF 6iJ / GL!1i tt L_ Q L_ IT @ tfjJ rill !D 4d @j~61.)CF s:Gi>," "6T /J{hfT fiiJ 6lJ IT lPGlJ tt t.b ~~ ~fT GiJ 6lJ tt y>Q) tr Li/' 6T ffi urn U fJJQ LD tt y5J 8i Gtr.

o • 0 •

UooffJI - UQ) + /!Jl = Uoo,ff)/ - u1fj/t1l - u~.

uGiJ - u~ = u~4». 'f}.C:{brr : ~6U - ~m. QQJ6U - Q6lJ6M. ufiiirr + @(l~@ = u6kr~I}"~CEL

U6lfr - urrrn- = uiJ!fP. @®urrGtT (yJUUfT~ (yJ{h6l5JUJ 6T~~U QUUJrt 8)6lf)G1T a{DfT 8;@j&.

(!/J'?iroifT (yJ {DfiV IT lJj ~ c: ~fT ~ {!51 UJ ~tffi.ff)J (yJ ~dJ u ~!fJJ 6lJ Qj) IJ U U LL_ 61mr~u QUUJtT<1i@!JtD1r/ ~~uiJ{b® CZW{bULL 6T~a>~U UQ) 6T m- ~ t..b OJ @ ~ /lJl U U [iJ {!51 u u biJ 6T W ~ Lb ~ L1l-uJl G'6f/ 6M .!J)J dPlrn LD/J{h{DfT s;~ Q ~rfI.$Jar!D ilJI·

6To°o(!)

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Uo°o!6}

UQ) + iJ = uo"op5J (udTp5J) = uwp5J 6lJUJ-6lIrr~ &Q9r;;utQ5)t!1iU UL(t!>. @~Gb t!FfJ OiC:8itbp5JQ Qq"'QJ~~ @mJ!)Jw 8"n.6lILD c!:p{hf06lUJ ~8i<ii1f16iJ

• • •

turn r$(J;OOfTLlJ.

QQ.o°o(!)

UlGir - 0lrd6r - UJ6m tt - Ul61m" 6lJ - t5J mTQJGlJ. t.11<i5'5T rr - t5J 6tf)~. UJw - QuGYr - G'Ju6'i4T - C:u~ - C:u@ - C:U~L

Gum - QUL..(itf)L_ - G)U61f>L.

Gum - GULLJ = fi8I(f!juuw.

Gum - G'J6lJm - G'JQJtU - QQJuJwmLD - Q6lJWrnLD = C:6lI6DTLGlJ. QQlGTr - C:6lI6lr - aQJ~ - (JQI~®.

24

Q6lJtOiT - QQl6i7@j - QGlJo~®.

G,lQlo ~®~6b = t.5J [DGkT G u tt ®61fJGJT 6>11 C!!JtbLJ {htOiJ.

o 8)oog)l

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"lhffdlClbfftiJ (Jw66f!c$ tD61iJrLcoff" (a; LDU(Jrr. GtHTmlJ. 21)

• • • •

8ibU - r!JitiiYT - ChIT firT - q,rr "TT W = c!1iC!!Jm LD.

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do:O : QjlJoiriJ)/t5J t$QJQ)~trtbIDW (Q~rrru. ~@~. 40. 1lLQ)(J)

o 0 f'i"'l 0 0 ~o. a·" ~ • ._.c)"

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(]6lJrTu(;)urr(!!jm aiW l.D~)fD~gv GurruJJjJQ{Dm 8).

~uJ ~ Quflru ~6l.I

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c!)J,lUW

dj,wli> - dj,w (i'.<ku.)

~fTUJW - ~UJLb = ~rflmLD, 8)l_6ri>UJ, r!JjL_~~J;c!Tn.66J I {DfTUJ ~i_L8;a;fTtU, {hfTUJ 6T~ dIIQ;6l) IDI Ualfim"UJW.

1L@67TITUJW ~QJ" ~ &pf/Ji; Qun@61Tffww (JUR'f;)WU 41fJ(]W u@JiJ. (®!Dm. 933)

·

UrTQJff6lmTIT

25

~ llit6#tiJ 5ft§6/ ~rf;tff16iJ ;$/bIi'6NtpC:Uff6V (if rii;r U f!)J U Y'Q LDrT ySl.

~C!!>8i® C:QJ~~®6U ~UJ 6T,m~Lb G)a=rr~ QJ~~C:r!Frr61>8) 6Trn~Lb Qurr®G.i1flGb ~61TUUL(j)I61rGYT ffJJ rii, 38: 20). urr~6Gf UJw, LDWlohJuSJ~, W 8i n u rr fJ fh tlJ (!JJ ~ ID61 UJ LiJ ~ wn GiJ 8i 61r QJ (!!j 6lJ tt us, QJ rfl, ti!l i) UJ Lb ~roJUJ QUfT(!96lra;rotf/Gi> ~61r!iJGtr{Dm. ~UJ 6TmWJw G)a=rr{iJ® ~-~ 6Tm~w ~rfu 8ifTL..@6l1fr. ~ bTm:u~ ~uJ 6Tw~Lb Q~8=rrfiix;6}Gir @m~QJrrt..b. ~tiJ-~UJ6b1 ~llJr!iJ®. (QJ.QJ. 84.)

~UJt.D : (8)) ~rrtiJ - 1fjITUJw = ~rrujQJySllLJrfJ~LD, (!p~tb,g;rr6lJiiifJtb ®®tbufl, pj6m6lJ6tDW ~fTffiJ5JUJ,gp ~fTC:l1J. {hrrUJw - ~UJtb = ZLrf761>LD. ;:vrrUJw - ;?irTUJ (QJ.).

~UJLiJ : (g"L) eutt - ~ - ~UJLb = QJ([!JQlfTUJ, rurfJ, 8j/. I ~Lb. ~l11-6lJrr «r m U /tJ c;, 8J tt j m t!F 6lJ !J) 8;~ QJ <i?'-9- UJ tr et 6lrr!f)J Q a: rr 6U 6lJ U U ® {D GiJ 8iff ~ CIi. QJ tr 6T rm ~8 Q t!F tt 6iJG6lJ ~ r;;iJ 6T 6ifr J!)J (y)6M UJ roir6"Mrr OJ (!}J"'!D LDfTp5J ~!A~u51GiJ 6lJy>ffiJ®w. ~UJw - ~UJ (611.). <i).LJ). 737.)

c!)J,WlIJj,Jbn~

c: q, tt 6V U u rr rn W 6lf) UJ ~ t6J t;r ffiJ r!Jj Vii6T ~ U U fT IOn filfT G'J uJ.w.!f)J t.b , ~ t;T 8= IT ~ U U tr ~~Q UJ ~ .[J)J Lb -cfJ, u5J 171h>fjfT ySlQ l1J6tr .f!)I r§ Q<!.F rr 6lJQJ :fJJmr@. (~,f>J. 22.)

c!lbWlP'lD

dJ,uSI,th - m>56N1J (j}.<:6u.)

dPltDllt = JDI~L.D~ru. ~t6lIt - ~u5IIJLb - ~u5J'7t.b.

~tb J!)J LD<iim" s» t.iJ 8) Ltb c!Jj QJ) f7 LDorrrr.§JJJ tb fiJ r;r rr tifT UJ IT u5I (!!J U U {h tt fiiJ r LD6mtD QUUJrT §)® Qu®t6(;)~rrAla;u GluUJfJrruS/[bJ!)J.

QJffyfllli ... /D6irmrfu Uo:/PI6lFlwGlmTQ[J§!lIw u6V(lQJ. <YJDtb. 9>-

J J@QJrryfllli ... QJ@QJffUJ 61"&&'; lJJ6IJ1ffdJif!}lw UQJ(]QJ (YtDtb. 55),

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QJ L Q LD rr ySl t616iJ eY>6U u5J 6U 6lD Q). ~ c!/j I}' (yJ ~ fib IF 9, fJ (!:P ~ Q) rr III ~ iI rfl fill ~ Li:J UJ Cfj 17 tb ill 8i fJ LD fT I.iJ LD tt !!)J t;;JJ !!p t.b ~ UJ 6iJ U tt $6Q) rr GiJ J lhWWL/Ji)6b dlJ,t6Jt;T W 6TQrU ~ lFrr651fJ fiTQfT ii ~rfl!A~/!Jl.

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~rT

ctJ,1f - ~11 (j).<:&u.)

~rt~v;i) = Qurr®tf,~~6iJ. ~rt = 5a;S;1Jr9; ®!DLl1J-~W ruLmL t6J~w Qurr@th~Lb r!FLt LD (spoke, radius).

~IfQc$(!JJ (lpf!J@rt!JLLff¢J C:Uff6ir1fJl (6QJ6). 828),

QJLQLDrry5Jt6J{b 8)rrLL_uQu.J!)JW C:QJrT ® (ri) 6T~UC:$lJ' ~!J)J @rfl ~dr~Lb QfD~Q,§rrru~6lsT ~rfJurr®Lb, (QJ.QJ.85.)

c!)J,rTU una.:..LLi>

~iruurrL.LLh - ~I1UrrL.L (bh).

~tt ~~6i> = ~f7QJrrrfJiJrj)fii>. ~rTU4 + ~t' L t.b - ~rTuurTl' t ~fJ6lJrrt;Jt.b. Q{!J. c:!H,frUfTLLCYJ (bh). (QJ.Q/. 85.)

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dJ,ITu,2 - ~rrlJ'

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42

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U IT 6U IT 6NIT IT

43

~~~~'umm~~~~rr~~~~m Q9rrtb&m

.$QJ - L. capio, Ger. haben, A.S. habhan, Dan. have, E. have, to hold or possess.

8iQIIT - L. cupio, O. Fr. coveiter, E covert, to desire.

<:lFf1 - L. sero, to join, G5rTLDrT6MW - L. sermonis, E. sermon, lit. an essay.

S!L& - Goth. hauhs, Ger. hoch, Ice. 'har. A.S. heah, E. high.

ILQ)® - L. vulgus, the people, E. vulgar, used by the common people. ILJ!)J - L. verus, true. 9.(]!DfT. ZLJJ)JiJ - lL~omLD. Ger. wahr, A.S. voer, E. very, adv. in a great degree, adj. true.

9@TiJ~ - L. longus, E. long. ~Q)&~ - L. locus. Ga=rrw4 - L. somnus sleep. &1Jf.lJ - Gk. cryptos.

lFWL(h) - E. smite, to strike, A.S. smiten, Dut. smijten. (FWL._(£J6lJ§;J a:WLLSJ- - lFWWLLJ-. E. hammer, A.S. hamor. Ger. hammer, Ice. hamarr, a tool for beating. E. smith, one who smites.

8iL@ - E. gather, A.S. gederian, gaed, a company; to gather - together = 8n_L_.

c!£rrfiAr - A.S. cnawan; Ice. kna, Russ. znate, L. nosco, gnoseo, Gk. gignosko, SkL Jna. (All from a base GNA, a secondary form of GAN or KAN, to know. ¥j.(]!!>fT. a;fTL._~ = dPJpS/GlJ; vid (Skt.), to know; vide (L.)~ (to see.).

QP6irrQQfJITL..@56Tr

dIIQJ (not) - ~r;lrr - Gk. an, A.S.un. dP/GlJ - dPI· (Skt.). ~.a{Drr. {D~ - (D. @jG1r - @j. !Err : [68:i!lfJrT/ «!JJ;~r:rfTLDt1J.

@ru (not) - @m- - L. In. @ru (~6lr) - @6lfT - L. - A.S. in, L. em, en, Gk, en, E. in.

1!LW - A.S. up. ZLwurt - Skt. upari. L. super. Gk. hyper, Goth. ufar, E. over. LD - U - QJ, C:UfT6l5J.

@LD = @j6'6l, ~®, ®ww (if).9)rT.G5J.6T.) - L. com, cum, Gk. syn. Skt. sam, E. com. con. together.

L5l6isrQ61JfITL.. (!»a6Tr

®.!J)J67f>WUQUlLlfT : @Ll1J- - L.E. ette. Birr : cigar - ette. @ru - L.E.e1.1e. r!1irT : citad-el. @jfP6l/ - L.-E. cule. icle. 8)fT : animal-cule, parti-cle.

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44

sitt : compose, from @jW and (lUfT@; concert, from ®w and C:<Frt; transparent, from ~®QJ and utut.

Transparent - L.trans, through, and pareo, to appear, §P® - ~®rii1f - ~(!!jGlJ - 1. A.S. thurh. Ger. durch. W. trw. Skt. taros. L. trans, E. through - root tar.

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fiJJI!ffilb J5JfJ)UUfftiJ 61fJ@Lb. (@)!D6Tr. 133)

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52

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UroIDSj)UJ ~riu$lruw c!JIQ)ov/bl ~riil8iJ~ att CJjCF~UJLb (Anglo Saxon) 6T w.g)J GL!F tr 6i.HilJ U U ® w Q LD tt ySl u5J coiJ, @ m g)J ~ rn L i>:f!JlGlr 61T C!P~tbU66)Y;;UJ 67@{hG~(];I (document) 1200 ~~La;61f)6lIUJa'#j.

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@~1hfT6l5J UJ rfl,ffi (yJrnG ean IT, !fj@ 3j(] '7 tt U U rr~;uho61 ®[i,~, 5:J .(!p. B~ W ~{b!DrrmrUJ-tb®(y)~, ~6iJU9i (Alps) ~UQU6"6)W6V (Appennines) w~1hQ1hfTLJtc9irOYfJw 6lJySlUJrTa; QJ~§1 ®1J]-L/®tb~~rT. $/.(yJ. 753- @6i>, ~aurt (Tiber) ~{b{DffiJr!hmt;TC:LDfiiJ 1Q_(llJrTW !DClitT a;L_LUuLLi!U . .dJIt6!DB)6'5lt;T UJL_Q8irrmrL @6lJfTi>~UJw (Latium) 6T~WJLb a8irrL__L~it6iJ (Dt.) aUCFUULL QWfTySlClUJ @61J~~rn. ~~ ~.(!JJ. 600- @atOUGUJ ~® ~rflQLlJrrySlUJrTu5J®t6~§P. !i1.(!p. (ljJ{h~ .!IJ!T{bflJrrmrlil-Q) ~fTvill ~§1 @6Vc$$lUJ# Qc!FwQwrrySlUJfTuJ}{b.!J)J. ~{h~ 8JrTbVW UJru<OlJ (!!JLDrT.!J)J §J WU rr@ju®w.

(7) umy;;UJ @~~~Gisr - fiJ.(Ip. 75 - @!D® QJJ~. (2) @Ot)a;~UJ @Q)~~Qjr - !i1.(!jJ. 75 - ~.t5J. 175 (3) t5JJh~UJ fi)~1h[!Effi - ~.J5I. 175 - 600,

(4) @rnLr!iJ8JfT6V @6lJ~~W - ~.L5J. 600 - 1.500 (5) @J;9)fT6lJ @6l)~$~ - ~.UJ, 1500 - @ro6J®t6~.

@6Vdi~~ (YJ~flJQUJru jJ)J Gw{b@jp5J i>{lj~ @61J~~ffi ~j;lru ~tp'iVrf;t~6lJ 6IDUlGUJ (Proto-Latin).

64

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"The name oflndra is peculiar to India, and must have been formed after the separation of the great Aryan family had taken place, for we find it neither in Greek, nor in Latin, nor in German." - India, What can it teach us? (p.182)~

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