INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.

1-1
Learning Objectives:
After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:
1.

Identify 5S of good housekeeping

2.

Recognize safety rules and regulations

3.
Plan installation of computer systems according to
industry standards
4.
Prepare for installation of computer systems according to
industry standards
5.
Follow policies and procedures and that work is
appropriately sequenced in accordance with the industry
standards
INTRODUCTION:
SAFETY PROCEDURE is a common task. It is a general knowledge in
our workplace.

In most cases, one must be trained to apply safety

procedures in particular place or in an environment of a certain work, such

as factory where there is heavy machineries, electronics and high voltage
facilities.
SAFETY PROCEDURES may be able to promote a great stability of a
company, to ensure safety of their own products, their facilities and most
especially their personnel during and after work responsibility. Therefore, it
is our goal and responsibility as a worker, in any field of our skills and even
in our great profession, to have these skill and knowledge for future
application in our workplace.
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Page 1 of 60

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

5S OF GOOD HOUSE KEEPING

Japanese

English

S- sieri

Sort

S- seiton

Systematize

S- seiso

Sweep

S- seiketsu
S- Shitsuke

Brief Explanation
Take out unnecessary items and dispose
Arrange necessary items in good order for use
Clean your workplace

Sanitize

Maintain high standard of housekeeping

Self- discipline Do things spontaneously without being told

GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1. Remove power from the circuit or equipment before working on it.

2. Remove and replace fuses only after the power to the circuit has been
deenergized.
3. Make sure all equipment is properly grounded.
4. Use extreme caution when removing or installing batteries containing
acid.
5. Use cleaning fluids only in well- ventilated spaces.
6. Dispose of cleaning rags and other flammable materials in tightly
closed metal containers.
7. In case of an electrical fire, deenergize the circuit and report it
immediately to the appropriate authority.

HIGH VOLTAGE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Page 2 of 60

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

1. Consider the result of each act.

2. Keep away from live circuits.
3. Do not work alone.
4. Do not tamper with interlocks.
5. Do not ground yourself.
6. Never energize equipment in the presence of water leakage.

PERSONAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1. Work only in clean dry areas.

2. Do not wear loose or flapping clothing.
3. Wear only nonconductive shoes.
4. Remove all rings, wristwatches, bracelets, ID chains and tags, and
similar metal items.
5. Do not use bare hands to remove hot parts.
6. Use a shorting stick to remove high voltage charges on capacitors.
7. Make certain that the equipment being used is properly grounded.
8. Remove power to a circuit prior to connecting alligator clips.
9. When measuring voltages over 300 volts, do not hold the test probes.

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Page 3 of 60

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

FIRST AID PROCEDURES:

1. Dont panic! Determine if there is any immediate danger to the injured

person.
2. Never move an unconscious person without cause, lay the person flat.
3. Keep the person warm to prevent shock.
4. Never try to force liquids on an unconscious person.
5. If the person is breathing normally, keep him or her still comfortable
until medical aid arrives.
6. Severe electrical shock or other types of accidents may interrupt
breathing. A procedure such as artificial respiration (mouth- to
mouth resuscitation) or CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) can be
used to stimulate the breathing process.
7. Check for a swallowed tongue before applying artificial respiration.
This procedure should be administered by a trained person if possible
and continued until medical help arrives.
8. Report all injuries to the instructor immediately. Even minor cuts can
become infected and the best first aid supplies, nurses, and doctors
cannot help an unreported injury.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICIES IN ASSSEMBLING AND

DISASSEMBLING PCS
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Page 4 of 60

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

1. Turn OFF the computer.

2. Unplug power cords.
3. Wear anti- static wrist band.
4. Use rubber mat.
5. Discharge static electricity (ground yourself).
6. Work in well-lighted and well-ventilated environment.
7. Avoid liquid spills.
8. Remove all metal accessories from your body.
9. Work in a clean and dry area.
10.
Always use the manufacturers manual.
11.
Use proper tools.

Self- Check 1.1-1

I.

Complete the table below.

Japanese
S-

English
Sort

Brief Explanation
Take out unnecessary items and
dispose

S- seiton

Systematize

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Page 5 of 60

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

S- seiso

Clean your workplace

S- seiketsu

Maintain high standard of

housekeeping

S-

II.

Self- discipline

Enumeration:
Give at least 7 Occupational Health and Safety Policies in
Assembling and Disassembling PCs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Page 6 of 60

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

ANSWER KEY 1.1-1

I.

Complete the table below.

Japanese

English

S- sieri

Sort

S- seiton

Systematize

S- seiso

Sweep

S- seiketsu

Sanitize

S- Shitsuke

Self- discipline

II.

Brief Explanation
Take out unnecessary items and
dispose
Arrange necessary items in good
order for use
Clean your workplace
Maintain high standard of
housekeeping
Do things spontaneously without
being told

Enumeration:

Give at least 7 Occupational Health and Safety Policies in

Assembling and Disassembling PCs.
1. Turn OFF the computer.
2. Unplug power cords.
3. Wear anti- static wrist band.
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

4. Use rubber mat.

5. Discharge static electricity (ground yourself).
6. Work in well-lighted and well-ventilated environment.
7.Avoid liquid spills.
Remove all metal accessories from your body.
Work in a clean and dry area.
Always use the manufacturers manual.
Use proper tools

TASK SHEET 1.1-1

Title
Performance Objective

Assemble Computer Hardware

Given a system unit and proper tools, you
should be able to plan and prepare for
installation following the Occupational Health
and Safety Policies in assembling and
disassembling PCs.

SUPPLIES/MATERIAL

Anti-static wrist strap

Rubber mat
Manufacturers manual
Phillip Screw Driver
Flat Screw Driver
Mechanical Pliers

Equipment

Complete set of Computer Unit

Steps/Procedure:
1. Fill-out borrowers slip for borrowing tools.
2. Prepare all tools needed in installing computer systems (e.g. Antistatic wrist strap, Rubber mat, Manufacturers manual, Phillip
Screw Driver, CD for OS etc.)
3. Keep away any liquid in the workplace and worktable.
4. Make sure that the work area is well-lighted and well-ventilated.
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

5.
6.
7.
8.

Remove all metal accessories from your body.

Turn OFF the computer.
Unplug power cords.
Prepare the rubber mat where you are going to put all the
materials you have removed from the system unit.
9. Wear anti- static wrist band.
10. Discharge static electricity (ground yourself) by touching the
bare part at the back of your computer.
11. Make sure that you will use the proper tool.
Assessment Method:
Trainer examination and inspection using the following criteria:
1. All safety precautions were followed in using the tools and
equipment.
2. All steps were completed in the correct sequence.
Check performance against Performance Criteria Checklist

Performance Criteria Checklist 1.1-1

CRITERIA
YES

Did you.
1. Fill-out borrowers slip for borrowing tools.
2. Prepare all tools needed in installing and configure
computer systems (e.g. Anti-static wrist strap,
Rubber mat, Manufacturers manual, Phillip Screw
Driver, CD for OS etc.)
3. Keep away
worktable.

any

liquid

in

the

workplace

and

4. Make sure that the work area is well-lighted and

well-ventilated.
5. Remove all metal accessories from your body.
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

NO

6. Turn OFF the computer.

7. Unplug power cords.
8. Prepare the rubber mat where you are going to put
all the materials you have removed from the system
unit.
9. Wear anti- static wrist band.
10. Discharge static electricity (ground yourself) by
touching the bare part at the back of your computer.
11. Make sure that you will use the proper tool.

INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1-2

Tools, equipment and testing devices

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:
1. Plan and prepare materials, tools, equipment, and testing
devices.
2. Identify the function of each t materials, tools, equipment,
and testing devices
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

Types of Tools, equipment, and function:

A tool is any physical item that can be used to achieve a goal, especially if
the item is not consumed in the process. Tool use by humans dates back
millions of years, and other animals are also known to employ simple tools.
Tools that are used in particular fields or activities may have different
designations such as "instrument", "utensil", "implement", "machine",
"device," or "apparatus". The set of tools needed to achieve a goal is
"equipment". From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1. DIGITAL MULTI-METER- a type of multimeters (DMM, DVOM) have
a numeric display, and may also show a graphical bar representing the
measured value.

2. WIRE STRIPPER - is a small, hand-held device used to strip the

electrical insulation from electric wires.

3.LONG NOSE PLIERS is used for holding, bending and stretching the
lead of electronics component or connecting wire.

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

4.SCREW DRIVERS (ASSORTED)- is used to drive or fasten negative and

positive slotted screws.

ERING IRON- is used to join two or

metal conductors with the support of
soldering lead melted around it.

5.SOLD
more

6.DE-SOLDERING TOOL-is used to unsolder unwanted parts or component

in the circuit with the support of soldering pencil.

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

ALLEN WRENCH- a small tool that is used to

7.

turn a special type of screw.

8.

ANTI-STATIC

WRIST

STRAP-

used

for

cut

utp

electrostatic discharge.

8.LAN TESTER- used to check continuity in UTP cable.

9.

CRIMPING

TOOLS-

cable and press rjCBLM on

Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

used

to

45 connector.
Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

10. ANALOG MULTITESTER- is an instrument use to measure

voltage, current and resistance.

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

SELF-CHECK 1.1-2
Directions.
Identify the following tools, and materials and give their uses.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering.

1.

2.

3.
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

4.

5.

6.
7.

8.

9.

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

10.

ANSWER KEY 1.1-2

1. LONG NOSE is used for holding, bending and stretching the lead of
electronics component or connecting wire.
2.CRIMPER- a crimping tools used to cut utp cable and press rj-45
connector.
3. ALLEN WRENCH- a small tool that is used to turn a special type of screw.
4.SCREW DRIVER- is used to drive or fasten negative positive slotted
screws.
5. ANTI-STATIC WRIST STRAP- used for electrostatic discharge.
6.DESOLDERING TOOL- used to remove or suck waste lead.

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

7. ANALOG MULTITESTER- is an instrument use to measure voltage,

current and resistance.
8.SOLDERING IRON is used to join two or more metal conductors with the
support of soldering lead melted around it.
9. LAN TESTER-used to check continuity of a utp cable.
10. DIGITAL TESTER- or digital multi-meter DMM- display the measured
value in numerals.

TASK SHEET 1.1-2

Title

: Function of Analog Multitester

Performance Objective: At the end of 1 Hour, the trainee should able to used the
analog multitester, and discuss its parts.
Supply/Materials: assorted resistor, transistor, diode, wire, and 9 or 3 volts Direct
Current (DC) battery.
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

Equipment: Analog Multitester

Steps/Procedure:
1.Before taking an ohmmeter resistance measurement, the position should be
confirmed on zero of the top ohm-scale.
2. With the + and COM terminals shorted together, the pointer moving toward zeroohm is adjusted by turning the zero-ohm ADJ to the right or left in order to place it
exactly to zero at right.
3. The ohmmeter pointer must be adjusted each time the ohmmeter range is moved.
4. Since the ohmmeter scale is non-linear, it is apparent that the best measurement
accuracy will be realized if a range which provides indication to the right-hand half of
the scale is used.
5. When testing polarized resistance like transistors, diodes, and electrolytic
capacitors, the VOM (360TR) polarity of terminals must be reversed.
6. The VOM uses its resistance range (R x 10) for transistors tests, an the pointer must
be exactly adjusted to zero before connecting a transistor for measurement.
7. The polarity switch can be used to reverse the polarity of the test voltage applied
across the component whose resistance is to be measured.
8. Actually, the (-) common jack or terminal furnishes positive voltage.
9. Likewise, the (+) jack or terminal provides negative voltage.
10. Besides measuring resistance, the four ohm range check line continuity, short
circuit, DC resistance of a transformer, front-to-back resistance ratio of a semiconductor diode or transistor junction.
Assessment Method: Observation, and oral interview

Performance Criteria Checklist 1.1-2

CRITERIA
YES

Did you.
1.Fill-out borrowers slip for borrowing tools.
2.Prepare
all tools and materials
needed
in
demonstration of analog multi tester (e.g. Anti-static
wrist strap, Rubber mat, assorted resistor, transistor,
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

NO

diode, wire, and 9 or 3 volts Direct Current (DC) battery.

Manufacturers manual, Phillip Screw Driver, analog
multi tester.
3.Confirm the position to be on zero of the top ohmscale.
4.Adjust zero-ohm to the right or left to place it exactly
to zero at right.
5.Reverse the polarity in testin polarized transistors,
diodes, electrolytic capacitor
6.Used resistance range (R X 10) for test transistor
7.Measuring resistance, line continuity, short circuit,
junction transistor.

INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1-3

Computer Hardware Assembly

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

Learning Objectives:
After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:
1. Compare various computer system components and peripherals

Computer Case

The computer case serves mainly as a way to physically mount and contain
all of the actual computer components. Cases typically come bundled with
the power supply included.
Important Case Facts: Motherboards, cases and power supplies all come
in different sizes called form factors. All three must be compatible to work
properly together.
Many computer cases, especially ones made of metal, contain very sharp
edges. Be very careful when working with an open case to avoid serious
cuts.

Popular Case Manufacturers: Xoxide, NZXT, Antec

Case Description: The front of the case contains a power button and
sometimes a reset button. Small LED lights are also typical, representing
the current power status, hard drive activity and sometimes other internal
processes. These buttons and lights connect directly to the motherboard
which is secured to the inside of the case.
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

Cases usually contain multiple 5.25 inch and

3.5 inch expansion bays for optical drives,
floppy disk drives, hard drives and other media
drives. These expansion bays are located at
the front of the case so, for example, the
DVD drive be easily reached by the user
when in use.
Drive Bays: The 5.25" and 3.5" drive
bays house the many kinds of storage devices a computer might contain.

Inside Your System Unit

Understanding how the parts of a computer connect to each other inside

your PC begins with the case, which physically houses most of the
components.

Power Supply: The power supply connects to nearly

every device in the PC to provide power. It is located
at the rear of the case.
Standard power supplies turn the incoming 110V or 220V AC
(Alternating Current) into various DC (Direct Current) voltages suitable
for powering the computer's components.
Power supplies are quoted as having a certain power output specified in
Watts, a standard power supply would typically be able to deliver around
350 Watts.

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

The more components (hard drives, CD/DVD drives, tape drives,

ventilation fans, etc) you have in your PC the greater the power required
from the power supply.
By using a PSU that delivers more power than required means it won't be
running at full capacity, which can prolong life by reducing heat damage
to the PSU's internal components during long periods of use.
Always replace a power supply with an equivalent or superior power
output (Wattage).
There are 3 types of power supply in common use:

AT Power Supply - still in use in older PCs.

ATX Power Supply - commonly in use today.

ATX-2 Power Supply - recently new standard.

The voltages produced by AT/ATX/ATX-2 power supplies are:

+3.3 Volts DC (ATX/ATX-2)

+5 Volts DC (AT/ATX/ATX-2)

-5 Volts DC (AT/ATX/ATX-2)

+5 Volts DC Standby (ATX/ATX-2)

+12 Volts DC (AT/ATX/ATX-2)

-12 Volts DC (AT/ATX/ATX-2)

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

A power supply can be easily changed and are generally not expensive, so
if one fails (which is far from uncommon) then replacement is usually the
most economical solution.
The power supply converts the alternating current (AC) line from your
home to the direct current (DC) needed by the personal computer. In a
personal computer (PC), the power supply is the metal box usually found
in a corner of the case. The power supply is visible from the back of many
systems because it contains the power-cord receptacle and the cooling
fan. Typical computer power supply generates the voltages needed by the
computer motherboard accessories. A typical modern PC power supply
generates the following voltages:
o

+5V (+-5%) at up to tens of amperes for motherboard electronics,

disk drives and cards

+12V (+-10%) at several amperes for disk drives and some cards

+3.3V (+-5%) up to tens of amperes for the majority of modern logic

electronics in motherboard

-12V (+-10%) usually less than one ampere for some accessory
cards

Most other computer power supplies usually give voltage on this line,
because those are the most commonly used voltage used in computer
systems. Depending on the PC model, power supplies are rated anywhere
between 150 and 350 W. A PC power supply on average is rated for 250400 watts. PSUs above300W are unusual and only tend to come in
servers, or machines that have been designed for 'hardcore' applications
such as gaming, where a hundred watt graphics card is not that
unusual. Typically if you have 300W available, and the computer is going
to be using perhaps 150-220 W of that, depending on what's in it. Pc
power are designed to provide +12, +5, -5 and -12 (usually nowadays also
+3.3V), with the power spread unevenly across those ranges.

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

Grab an average computer PSU and take a look at it, and there will
probably be a table on it listing how many amps can be delivered per
voltage category. PC power supplies are mainly primary switching power
supplies with power switches arranged in a half-bridge configuration.
The outputs can drive the usual 20A (+5V), 8A (+12V) and 0,5 A (-12V,
-5V) at approx. 205 W output power. (modern ATX power supplies add
considerable amount of 3.3V to this).A typical efficiency of a PC power
supply is around 75 %. A typical power PC supply measures around 140
x 100 x 50 mm (W, D, H) and weights around 300-400 grams. The
switching frequency of approx. 33 kHz is usual for PC power supplies.
The PC power supplies can be generally found at AT and ATX varieties.
The older PCs used to use AT power supplies. Those power supplies
supplied +5V, +12V, -12V, and -5V power to motherboard. Practically all
new PCs use ATX format power supplies which have added to the picture
following extra functions: +3.3V output, program/pushbutton turn on,
standby power (low current +5V output to some parts inside PC when the
main power supply is off) and option to turn power supply off with
software control.
Laptop computers use slightly different approach for power supply.
Modern laptop computer typically comes with a switched mode power
supply that plugs to the wall and supplies the needed power to the
computer at some suitable low voltage. A typical voltage that those
mains adapters supply to laptop are in 16-24V range, the actual voltage
used can vary between different computer brands and models (check the
computer manual and/or power supply markings for more details). The
power supplied by this kind of power supply is typically in around d 4060W range maximum (check your computer manual and/or power supply
for information on your system). The internal power supply electronics
inside the laptop then generate the multiple voltages needed inside the
laptop (typically at least 5V, 3.3V and processor internal core voltage). If
you need to power your laptop from car voltage (12V), you have two
options to do this: use a DC to AC converter or a DC-DC converter. When
you use DC to AC inverter, you first take the car power (typically 12V
from lighter plug) and turn it to a normal main voltage (110-120V AC or
220-240V AC depending where you live) power. Then the normal PC wall
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

power supply is used to convert this power to voltage used by the laptop.
This approach could work, but has its downsides. The downsides are
poor efficiency (power loss, both converter and laptop PSU get hot), and
potential incompatibility with the DC to AC converter and computer
power supplies. The DC to AC converters generally is not like computer
power supply type load (very non-linear load that takes high current
spikes, can lead to unreliable operation and potential converter failure).

The computer power supply might not always like the non-sinusoidal
mains power that is put out by most cheap DC to AC converters (can
cause more heating on power supply, even power supply damages). An
expensive high power sinewave DC to AC converter should work well with
any load, also with computer power supplies, but is expensive. Another
usually better approach is to use a DC-DC converter that replaces the
original computer mains power supply. It takes in car 12V power and
output the same output voltage that the normal mains adapter gives out.
These kinds of adapters are available from several laptop manufacturers.
An adapter from the same manufacturer as your laptop is usually the
easiest and safest choice, nut not usually cheapest option. Nowadays
there are also quite cheap general purpose laptop DC-DC converters that
can be adapted to be used with many different laptops. Those adapters
have typically an adjustable output voltage (should be adjusted to match
you specific computer). Just select an adapter that can be adjusted to
your laptop operating and has high enough power rating (same or higher
power rating as the original mains adapter), and things should work well.
Please note that in some cases using a DC-DC converter not approved by
the computer manufacturer can void your laptop warranty.
This power supply circuit uses chip TL494. Similar circuit is used in the
most power supplies with output power about 200W.Device use push-pull
transistor circuit with regulation of output voltage. Line voltage goes
through input filter circuit (C1, R1, T1, C4, T5) to the bridge rectifier.
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

When voltage is switched from 230V to 115V, then rectifier works like a
doubler. Varistors Z1 and Z2 have over-voltage protect function on the
line input. Thermistor NTCR1 limits input current until capacitors C5
and C6 are charged. R2 and R3 are only for discharge capacitors after
disconnecting power supply. When power supply is connected to the line
voltage, then at first are charged capacitors C5 and C6 together for about
300V. Then take a run secondary power supply controlled by transistor
Q12 and on his output will be voltage. Behind the voltage regulator IC3
will be voltage 5V, which goes in to the motherboard and it is necessary
for turn-on logic and for "Wake on something" functions. Next
unstabilized voltage goes through diode D30 to the main control chip IC1
and control transistors Q3 and Q4. When main power supply is running,
then this voltage goes from +12V output through diode D.

Function of running power supply

Somebody pushes the power button on computer. Motherboard logic put
to ground input pin PS-ON. Transistor Q10 closes and next Q1 closes.
Capacitor C15 begins his charging through R15 and on the pin 4 IC1
begins decrease voltage to zero thanks to R17.
In a normal operation is power supply controlled by IC1. When
transistors Q1 and Q2 are closed, then Q3 and Q4 are opened. When we
want to open one from power transistors (Q1, Q2), then we have to close
his exciting transistor (Q3, Q4). Current goes via R46 and D14 and one
winding T2. This current excites voltage on base of power transistor and
due to positive feedback transistor goes quickly to saturation. When the
impulse is finished, then both exciting transistors goes to open. Positive
feedback disappears and overshoot on the exciting winding quickly closes
power transistor. After it is process repeated with second transistor.
Transistors Q1 and Q2 alternately connects one end of primary winding
to positive or negative voltage. Power branch goes from emitter of Q1
(collector Q2) through the third winding of exciting transformer T2. Next,
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

through primary winding of main transformer T3 and capacitor C7 to the

virtual center of supply voltage.

Output voltage stabilization

Output voltages +5V and +12V are measured by R25 and R26 and their
output goes to the IC1. Other voltages are not stabilized and they are
justified by winding number and diode polarity. On the output is
necessary reactance coil due to high frequency interference. This voltage
is rated from voltage before coil, pulse-width and duration cycle. On the
output behind the rectifier diodes is a common coil for all voltages. When
we keep direction of windings and winding number corresponding to
output voltages, then coil works like a transformer and we have
compensation for irregular load of individual voltages. In a common
practice are voltage deviations to 10% from rated value. From the internal
5-V reference regulator (pin 14 IC1) goes reference voltage through the
voltage divider R24/R19 to inverting input(pin 2) of error amplifier. From
the output of power supply comes voltage through divider
R25,R26/R20,R21 to the non-inverting input (pin 1). Feedback C1, R18
provides stability of regulator. Voltage from error amplifier is compared to
the ramp voltage across capacitor C11. When the output voltage is
decreased, then voltage on the error amplifier is to decreased. Exciting
pulse is longer, power transistors Q1 and Q2 are longer opened, width of
pulse before output coil is grater and output power is increased. The
second error amplifier is blocked by voltage on the pin 15 IC1.

PowerGood

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

Mainboard needs "PowerGood" signal.When all output voltages becomes

stable, then PowerGood signal goes to +5V (logical one). PowerGood signal
is usually connected to the RESET signal.

+3.3V Voltage stabilization

Look at circuit connected to output voltage +3.3V. This circuit makes
additional voltage stabilization due to loss of voltage on cables. There is
one auxiliary wire from connector for measure 3.3V voltage on
motherboard.

Overvoltage circuit
This circuit is composed from Q5, Q6 and many discrete components.
Circuit guards all of output voltages and when the some limit is
exceeded, power supply is stopped. For example when I by mistake shortcircuit -5V with +5V, then positive voltage goes across D10, R28, D9 to
the base Q6. This transistor is now opened and opens Q5. +5V from pin
14 IC1 comes across diode D11 to the pin 4 IC1 and power supply is
blocked. Beyond that goes voltage again to base Q6. Power supply is still
blocked, until he is disconnected from power line input.

The power supply connectors

4 Pin Berg Connector
Used to connect the PSU to small form factor
devices, such as 3.5" floppy drives.
available in: AT, ATX & ATX-2

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

4 Pin Molex Connector

This is used to power various components, including
hard drives and optical drives.
available in: AT, ATX & ATX-2
20 Pin Molex ATX Power Connector
This is used to power the motherboard in ATX
systems.
available in: ATX( ATX-2 have four extra pins)
4 Pin Molex P4 12V Power Connector
Used
specifically
for
Pentium
4
Processor
Motherboards.
available in: ATX (integrated into the power
connector in ATX-2)
6 Pin AUX Connector
Provides +5V DC, and two connections of +3.3V.
available in: ATX/ATX-2

Motherboard (MOBO)

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

Motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer. It is the piece of

hardware which contains the computer's micro-processing chip and
everything attached to it is vital to making the computer run.
Major components of a Motherboard
1. Expansion Slots
2. Norhtbridge chipset
3. Rear I/O ports
4. CPU(Central Processing Unit) chip
5. RAM (Random Access Memory) slot
6. Floppy drive connector
7. ATX power connector
8. IDE connector
9. SATA (Serial Advance Technology Attachment) ports
10.

Front Panel Connector

11.

Southbridge

12.

BIOS (Basic Input Output System) Chipset

13.

Onboard USB headers

14.

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) slots

Expansion Slots/ Expansion Cards: Motherboards usually contain a

number of slots for internal peripheral cards like video cards and
sound cards to connect to.
The expansion slots at the rear of the case are specially cut out so the
peripherals connected to the motherboard can extend from the case
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

for easy connection to external devices such as printers, monitors and

other external devices.
Connections systems between video card and motherboard were
mainly:

S-100 bus: designed in 1974 as a part of the Altair 8800, it was the
first industry standard bus for the microcomputer industry.

ISA: Introduced in 1981 by IBM, it became dominant in the

marketplace in the 1980s. It was a 16-bit bus clocked at 8 MHz.

MCA: Introduced in 1987 by IBM it was a 32-bit bus clocked at 10

MHz.

EISA: Released in 1988 to compete with IBM's MCA it was

compatible with the earlier ISA bus. It was a 32-bit bus clocked at
8.33 MHz.

VLB: An extension of ISA, it was a 32-bit bus clocked at 33 MHz.

PCI: Replaced the EISA, ISA, MCA and VESA buses from 1993
onwards, PCI allowed dynamic connectivity between devices,
avoiding the jumpers manual adjustments. It is a 32-bit bus
clocked 33 MHz.

USB: Mostly used for other types of devices, but there are USB
displays.

AGP: First used in 1997, it is a dedicated to graphics bus. It is a

32-bit bus clocked at 66 MHz.

PCI Express: Abbreviated PCIe, it is a point to point interface

released in 2004. In 2006 provided double the data transfer rate of
AGP. It should not be confused with PCI-X, an enhanced version of
the original PCI specification.
Video Card
A video card, video adapter or a graphics
accelerator card, display adapter, or graphics
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

card, is an expansion card whose function is to generate and

output images to a display. Many video cards offer added functions,
such as accelerated rendering of 3D scenes, video capture, TV
tuner adapter, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 decoding, FireWire, light pen,
TV output, or the ability to connect multiple monitors.

Video Outputs
Analog-based standard adopted in the late
Video Graphics
1980s designed for CRT displays, also called
Array (VGA) (DE-15) VGA connector. Some problems of this
standard are electrical noise, image
distortion and sampling error evaluating
pixels.
Digital Visual
Interface (DVI)

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Digital-based standard designed for displays

such as flat-panel displays (LCDs, plasma
screens, wide High-definition television
displays) and video projectors. It avoids
image distortion and electrical noise,
corresponding each pixel from the computer
to a display pixel, using its native resolution.

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

Video In Video Out

(VIVO) for S-Video,
Composite video
and Component
video

High-Definition
Multimedia

Interface (HDMI)
Display Port

Included to allow the connection with

televisions, DVD players, video recorders and
video game consoles. They often come in two
9-pin Mini-DIN connector variations, and
the VIVO splitter cable generally comes with
either 4 connectors (S-Video in and out +
composite video in and out) or 6 connectors
(S-Video in and out + component P B out +
component PR out + component Y out (also
composite out) + composite in).
An
advanced
digital
audio/video
interconnect released in 2003, and is
commonly used to connect game consoles
and DVD players to a display. HDMI
supports copy protection through HDCP.
An advanced license and royalty-free digital
audio/video interconnect released in 2007.
DisplayPort intends to replace VGA and DVI
for connecting a display to a computer.

Video Memory
The memory capacity of most modern video cards ranges from 128
MB to 4 GB, though very few cards actually go over 1 GB. Since
video memory needs to be accessed by the GPU and the display
circuitry, it often uses special high speed or multi-port memory,
such as VRAM, WRAM, SGRAM, etc. Around 2003, the video
memory was typically based on DDR technology. During and after
that year, manufacturers moved towards DDR2, GDDR3 and
GDDR4 even GDDR5 utilized most notably by the ATI Radeon HD
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

4870. The effective memory clock rate in modern cards is generally

between 400 MHz and 3.8 GHz.
Video memory may be used for storing other data as well as the
screen image, such as the Z-buffer, which manages the depth
coordinates in 3D graphics, textures, vertex buffers, and compiled
shader programs.
Type

Memory clock rate (MHz)

Bandwidth (GB/s)

DDR

166 - 950

1.2 - 30.4

DDR2

533 - 1000

8.5 - 16

GDDR3

700 - 1800

5.6 - 54.4

GDDR4

1600 - 2400

64 - 156.6

GDDR5

3000 - 3800

130 - 230

Sound Card

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

A sound card (also known as an audio card) is a computer

expansion
card
that
facilitates the input and
output of audio signals to
and from a computer under
control of computer programs.
Typical uses of sound cards
include
providing the audio component for multimedia applications such as
music composition, editing video or audio, presentation, education,
and entertainment (games). Many computers have sound
capabilities built in, while others require additional expansion
cards to provide for audio capability.
Sound cards usually feature a digital-to-analog converter (DAC),
which converts recorded or generated digital data into an analog
format.
LAN Card (Network Card)
A network card, network adapter, network interface
controller (NIC), network interface card, or LAN adapter is
a computer hardware component designed to allow
computers to communicate over a computer
network. It allows users to connect to each
other either by using cables or wirelessly.
A network card typically has a twisted pair, BNC, or AUI socket
where the network cable is connected, and a few LEDs to inform
the user of whether the network is active, and whether or not there
is data being transmitted on it. Network cards are typically
available in 10/100/1000 Mbit/s varieties. This means they can
support a notional maximum transfer rate of 10, 100 or 1000
Megabits per second.
Back Panel Connectors: The back panel connectors extend out the
back of the case for connection to external peripherals.
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

 CPU & Memory Sockets: The CPU and memory connect directly to
the motherboard via the CPU socket connector and memory slots.
Storage Drive Connectors: Storage devices are connected via cables
to the motherboard. There are special connectors for floppy drives,
optical drives and hard drives.

Motherboard Form Factors

a) AT Advance Technology and Baby AT
AT and baby AT form factors were the most common form factor in the
motherboard world. These two variants differ primarily in width: the
older full AT board is 12" wide. This means it won't typically fit into
the commonly used "mini" desktop or minitower cases. There are very
few new motherboards on the market that use the full AT size. It is
fairly common in older machines, 386 class or earlier. One of the
major problems with the width of this board (aside from limiting its
use in smaller cases) is that a good percentage of the board "overlaps"
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

with the drive bays. This makes installation, troubleshooting and

upgrading more difficult.
b) ATX Advance Technology Extended
The first significant change in case and motherboard design in many
years, the ATX form factor was invented by Intel in 1995. After three
years, ATX is now finally overtaking AT as the default form factor
choice for new systems (although AT remains popular for compatibility
with older PCs, with homebuilders, and with some smaller PC shops).
Newer Pentium Pro and Pentium II motherboards are the most
common users of the ATX style motherboard (not surprisingly, since
the Pentium II is the newest processor and uses the newest chipset
families.) Intel makes the motherboards for many major name brands,
and Intel only uses ATX.
c) LPX Low Profile Extended
White ATX is the most well-known and used form factor, there is also
a non-standard proprietary form factor which falls under the name of
LPX, and Mini-LPX. The LPX form factor is found in low-profile cases
(desktop model as opposed to a tower or mini-tower) with a riser card
arrangement for expansion cards where expansion boards run parallel
to the motherboard. While this allows for smaller cases it also limits
the number of expansion slots available. Most LPX motherboards have
sound and video integrated onto the motherboard. While this can
make for a low-cost and space saving product they are generally
difficult to repair due to a lack of space and overall nonstandardization. The LPX form factor is not suited to upgrading and
offer poor cooling.
d) NLX New Low-Profile Extended
Boards based on the NLX form factor hit the market in the late 1990's.
This "updated LPX" form factor offered support for larger memory
modules, tower cases, AGP video support and reduced cable length. In
addition, motherboards are easier to remove. The NLX form factor,
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

unlike LPX is an actual standard which means there is more

component options for upgrading and repair.
Many systems that were formerly designed to fit the LPX form factor
are moving over to NLX. The NLX form factor is well-suited to massmarket retail PCs.
e) BTX Balanced Technology Extended
The BTX, or Balanced Technology Extended form factor, unlike its
predecessors is not an evolution of a previous form factor but a total
break away from the popular and dominating ATX form factor. BTX
was developed to take advantage of technologies such as Serial ATA,
USB 2.0, and PCI Express.
Changes to the layout with the BTX form factor include better
component placement for back panel I/O controllers and it is smaller
than microATX systems. The BTX form factor provides the industry
push to tower size systems with an increased number of system slots

The CPU
The CPU attaches directly to a CPU socket on the
motherboard located inside the computer. The CPU is
inserted into the socket pin-side-down and a small lever
helps to secure it. In the pictured example, a large fan
sits on top of the CPU to help disperse heat.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is responsible for

interpreting and executing most of the commands from the computer's
hardware and software. It is often called the "brains" of the computer.
The CPU is Also Known As: processor, microprocessor, central processor,
"the brain of the computer"

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

Important CPU Facts: Not all CPUs have pins on their bottom sides, but in
the ones that do, the pins are easily bent. Take great care when handling,
especially when installing onto the motherboard.
Each motherboard supports only a certain range of CPU types so always
check with your motherboard manufacturer before making a purchase.

Popular CPU Manufacturers:

Intel, AMD

CPU Slots/Sockets
Slot 1: [242 pins] Intel Pentium II/III. AMD Celeron
Slot 2: Dual Xeon
Slot A: AMD Athlon, Thunderbird, Duron K7;
Socket A: AMD Duron, Sempron, Thunderbird and XP Athlon
microprocessors
Socket T: Intel Pentium 4, 775 conductor Prescott CPU
Socket 1: [169 pins] Intel 486SX, 486DX, 486DX2, 486DX4
processors
Socket 2: [238 pins] Intel 486SX, 486DX, 486DX2, 486DX4, Pentium
processors
Socket 3: [237 pins] Intel 486SX, 486DX, 486DX2, 486DX4, Pentium.
AMD, Cyrix
Socket 4: [237 pins] Intel Pentium 1 66MHz
Socket 5: [320 pins] Intel Pentium 75MHz, 133MHz
Socket 6: [235 pins] Intel 486DX, Pentium
Socket 7: [321 pins] Intel Pentium. AMD K6-2, K6-III; (Super 7): TBD
Socket 8: [387 pins] Intel Pentium Pro
Socket 370: Pentium II/III, Celeron
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

Socket 393: AMD Athlon

Socket 423: Intel Pentium 4
Socket 462: AMD
Socket 478: Intel Pentium 4, smaller than Socket 423
Socket 603: Intel Pentium 4, Intel Xeon processor
Socket 604: Intel Pentium 4, Intel Xeon processor
Socket 754: AMD Sempron, Athlon; 64-bit, 'single-channel' memorycontroller and use unbuffered (non-registered) memory
Socket 775: Intel Pentium 4
Socket 939: Athlon 64 and Athlon 64 FX processors [128-bit, 'dual
channel' memory-controller].
Socket
940:
AMD
Athlon
64
FX,
Opteron
[Server/Workstation, require registered memory]

processors

Socket AM2: AMD Athlon 64 Dual Core processors supporting DDR2

memory [M2 was the old name]
Socket F: [FM1, FM2, FM3] AMD X2 Opteron processors [2xx 8xx
server processors]
Socket FM1, FM2, FM3: AMD processors
Socket G3: [G3MX] AMD X2 processors [Supporting the DDR3
memory specification from JEDEC1]

Cooling System

Heat sink: a heat sink is a passive cooling device. It conducts heat

away from the Central Processing Unit, Northbridge by using a heat
conductive metal, most commonly aluminum or copper, sometimes
in combination with heat pipes. It uses air (most common) or in
extreme cooling situations, water, to remove the heat from the CPU.
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

When air is used, a fan is often used to increase cooling

effectiveness.

Computer fan: an example of an active cooling part. It is usually

used with a heatsink. Due to the moving parts, a fan requires
maintenance and possible replacement. The fan speed or actual fan
can be changed for more efficient or quieter cooling.

Water block: A water block is a heat sink suited to use water

instead of air. It is mounted on the Motherboard and has a hollow
inside. Water is pumped through the water block, transferring the
heat into the water, which is then usually cooled in a radiator. This
is the most effective cooling solution without extreme modification.

Hard Disk Drive

A hard disk drive (often shortened as hard disk, hard

drive, or HDD) is a non-volatile storage device that
stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating
platters with magnetic surfaces. It is where your OS
(Operating System) is stored. Hard disks have magnetic
surfaces, in this case, any devices that has magnet must be
putted far away from the hard disk.
Technology
HDDs record data by magnetizing ferromagnetic material directionally, to
represent either a 0 or a 1 binary digit. They read the data back by
detecting the magnetization of the material. A typical HDD design
consists of a spindle that holds one or more flat circular disks called
platters, onto which the data are recorded. The platters are made from a
non-magnetic material, usually aluminum alloy or glass, and are coated
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

with a thin layer of magnetic material, typically 10-20 nm in thickness

with an outer layer of carbon for protection. Older disks used iron(III)
oxide as the magnetic material, but current disks use a cobalt-based
alloy.
The platters are spun at very high speeds. Information is written to a
platter as it rotates past devices called read-and-write heads that operate
very close (tens of nanometers in new drives) over the magnetic surface.
The read-and-write head is used to detect and modify the magnetization
of the material immediately under it. There is one head for each magnetic
platter surface on the spindle, mounted on a common arm. An actuator
arm (or access arm) moves the heads on an arc (roughly radially) across
the platters as they spin, allowing each head to access almost the entire
surface of the platter as it spins. The arm is moved using a voice coil
actuator or in some older designs a stepper motor.

Form Factors

Form factor

Width

5.25 FH

146 mm 47 GB (1998)

14

5.25 HH

146 mm 19.3 GB (1998)

3.5

102 mm 2 TB (2009)

2.5

69.9 mm 1 TB (2009)

1.8 (CE-ATA/ZIF)

54 mm

250 GB (2008)

1.3

43 mm

40 GB (2007)

1 (CFII/ZIF/IDE-Flex)

42 mm

20 GB (2006)

0.85

24 mm

8 GB (2004)

Largest capacity

Platters (Max)

8 inch: 9.5 in 4.624 in 14.25 in

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

In 1979, Shugart Associates SA1000 was the first form factor

compatible HDD, having the same dimensions and a compatible
interface to the 8 FDD.

5.25 inch: 5.75 in 1.63 in 8 in

This smaller form factor, first used in an HDD by Seagate in 1980, was
the same size as full height 5-inch diameter FDD, i.e., 3.25 inches
high. This is twice as high as "half height" commonly used today. Most
desktop models of drives for optical 120 mm disks (DVD, CD) use the
half height 5 dimension, but it fell out of fashion for HDDs

3.5 inch: 4 in 1 in 5.75 in

This smaller form factor, first used in an HDD by Rodime in 1984, was
the same size as the "half height" 3 FDD. This form factor is used
by most desktop HDDs.

2.5 inch: 2.75 in 0.3740.59 in 3.945 in

This smaller form factor was introduced by PrairieTek in 1988; there is
no corresponding FDD. It is widely used today for hard-disk drives in
mobile devices (laptops, music players, etc.) and as of 2008 replacing
3.5 inch enterprise-class drives. It is also used in the Xbox 360 and
Playstation 3 video game consoles.

1.8 inch:
This form factor, originally introduced by Integral Peripherals in 1993,
has evolved into the ATA-7 LIF. It is increasingly used in digital audio
players and subnotebooks. An original variant exists for 25 GB sized
HDDs that fit directly into a PC card expansion slot. These became
popular for their use in iPods and other HDD based MP3 players.

1 inch: 42.8 mm 5 mm 36.4 mm

This form factor was introduced in 1999 as IBM's Microdrive to fit
inside a CF Type II slot.

0.85 inch: 24 mm 5 mm 32 mm
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

Toshiba announced this form factor in January 2004 for use in mobile
phones and similar applications, including SD/MMC slot compatible
HDDs optimized for video storage on 4G handsets. Toshiba currently
sells a 4 GB (MK4001MTD) and 8 GB (MK8003MTD) version and holds
the Guinness World Record for the smallest hard disk drive.
Common abbreviations and their Descriptions
Acronym or
Meaning
abbreviation

Small
Computer Bus
oriented
that
System Interface
concurrent operations.

SCSI

ATA

SATA

Description
handles

Advanced
Technology
Attachment

Successor to ST-412/506/ESDI
by integrating the disk controller
completely
onto
the
device.
Incapable
of
concurrent
operations.

Serial ATA

Modification of ATA, uses serial

communication
instead
of
parallel.

DVD/CD-ROM

DVD, also known as "Digital Versatile Disc" or "Digital Video Disc", is an

optical disc storage media format. Its main uses are video and data
storage. DVDs are of the same dimensions as compact discs (CDs), but
store more than six times as much data.
Variations of the term DVD often describe the way data is stored on the
discs: DVD-ROM (Read Only Memory) has data that can only be read and
not written; DVD-R and DVD+R can record data only once, and then
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

function as a DVD-ROM; DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD-RAM can both

record and erase data multiple times.
Designation
DVD-1
DVD-2
DVD-3
DVD-4
DVD-5
DVD-9
DVD-10
DVD-14
DVD-18

Sides
SS SL
SS DL
DS SL
DS DL
SS SL
SS DL
DS SL
DS DL/SL
DS DL

1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2

Layers
(total)
1
2
2
4
1
2
2
3
4

Diameter
(cm)
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
12
12

Capacity
(GB)
1.46
2.66
2.92
5.32
4.70
8.54
9.40
13.24
17.08

(GiB)
1.36
2.47
2.72
4.95
4.38
7.95
8.75
12.33
15.90

Each DVD sector contains 2418 bytes of data, 2048 bytes of which are
user data.

Capacity differences of writable DVD formats

Type

Sectors

Bytes

MB

MiB

GB

GiB

DVDR SL 2,298,496 4,707,319,808 4,707.320 4,489.250 4.707 4.384

DVD+R SL 2,295,104 4,700,372,992 4,700.373 4,482.625 4.700 4.378
DVDR DL 4,171,712 8,543,666,176 8,543.666 8,147.875 8.544 7.957
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

DVD+R DL 4,173,824 8,547,991,552 8,547.992 8,152.000 8.548 7.961

Optical Media Types

Blu-ray Disc (BD): BD-R, BD-REDVD: DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-R DL,
DVD+R DL, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RW DL, DVD+RW DL, DVDRW2, DVD-RAM, DVD-D, HVD, Compact Disc(CD): Red Book, CDROM, CD-R, CD-RW, 5.1 Music Disc, SACD, PhotoCD, CD Video
(CDV), Video CD (VCD), SVCD, CD+G, CD-Text, CD-ROM XA, CDiHolographic Versatile Disc(HVD)HD DVD: HD DVD-R, HD DVD-RW,
HD DVD-RAM,High-Definition Versatile Disc(HDVD), High definition
Versatile Multilayer Disc (HD VMD), MiniDisc (MD) (Hi-MD) Laserdisc
(LD)

The Memory
Memory is installed in memory sockets located on the motherboard.
These are easily locatable by looking for the small hinges on either side
that lock the memory in place.
RAM or Memory Card
Random-access memory (usually known by its acronym RAM) is a form of
computer data storage. Today, it takes the form of integrated circuits (IC)
that allow stored data to be accessed in any order. The word random
thus refers to the fact that any piece of data can be returned in a
constant time, regardless of its physical location and whether or not it is
related to the previous piece of data.
Memory modules come with various storage capabilities. Modern memory
modules can be purchased in 256MB, 512MB, 1GB, 2GB, and 4GB sizes.

Types of RAM:
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

There are many different types of RAM which have appeared over the
years and it is often difficult knowing the difference between them both
performance wise and visually identifying them. This article tells a little
about each RAM type, what it looks like and how it
performs.
FPM RAM
FPM RAM, which stands for Fast Page Mode is a type of Dynamic RAM
(DRAM). The term Fast Page Mode comes from the capability of memory
being able to access data that is on the same page and can be done with
less latency. Most 486 and Pentium based systems from 1995 and earlier
use FPM Memory.
EDO RAM
EDO RAM, which stands for Extended Data Out RAM came out in 1995
as a new type of memory available for Pentium based systems. EDO is a
modified form of FPM RAM which is commonly referred to as Hyper Page
Mode. Extended Data Out refers to fact that the data output drivers on
the memory module are not switched off when the memory controller
removes the column address to begin the next cycle, unlike FPM RAM.
Most early Penitum based systems use EDO.
SDRAM
SDRA, which is short for Synchronous DRAM is a type of DRAM that
runs in synchronization with the memory bus. Beginning in 1996 most
Intel based chipsets began to support SDRAM which made it a popular
choice for new systems in 2001.
SDRAM is capable of running at 133MHz which is about three times
faster than FPM RAM and twice as fast as EDO RAM. Most Pentium or
Celeron systems purchased in 1999 have SDRAM.
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

DDR RAM
DDR RAM, which stands for
Double Data Rate which is
a type of SDRAM and appeared first on the market around 2001 but
didnt catch on until about 2001 when the mainstream motherboards
started supporting it. The difference between SDRAM and DDR RAM is
that instead of doubling the clock rate it transfers data twice per clock
cycle which effectively doubles the data rate. DDRRAM has become
mainstream in the graphics card market and has become the memory
standard.
DDR2 RAM
DDR2 RAM, which stands for Double Data Rate 2 is a newer version of
DDR which is twice as fast as the original DDR RAM. DDR2RAM came
out in mid 2003 and the first chipsets that supported DDR2 came out in
mid 2004. DDR2 still is double data rate just like the original DDR
however DDR2-RAM has modified signaling which enables higher speeds
to be achieved with more
immunity to signal noise and
cross-talk between signals.
RAMBUS (RIMM) RAM
RAMBUS RDRAM is a type of ram of its own, it came out in 1999 and
was developed from traditional DRAM but its architecture is totally new.
The RAMBUS design gives smarter access to the ram meaning that units
can prefetch data and free some CPU work. The idea behind RAMBUS
RAM is to get small packets of data from the RAM, but at very high clock
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

speeds. For example, SD RAM can get 64bit of information at 100MHz

where RAMBUS RAM would get 16bits of data at 800MHz.
Memory Module and Bus Standards/Bandwith
Module
Standard

Module Format Chip Type

Clock
Bus
Cycles Bus
Transfer
Spee
Width
per
Speed
Rate
d
(Bytes
Clock (MT/s)
(MBps)
(MHz)
)

FPM

SIMM

60ns

22

22

177

EDO

SIMM

60ns

33

33

266

PC66

SDR DIMM

10ns

66

66

533

PC100

SDR DIMM

8ns

100

100

800

PC133

SDR DIMM

7/7.5ns

133

133

1,066

PC1600

DDR DIMM

DDR200

100

200

1,600

PC2100

DDR DIMM

DDR266

133

266

2,133

PC2400

DDR DIMM

DDR300

150

300

2,400

PC2700

DDR DIMM

DDR333

166

333

2,667

PC3000

DDR DIMM

DDR366

183

366

2,933

PC3200

DDR DIMM

DDR400

200

400

3,200

PC3500

DDR DIMM

DDR433

216

433

3,466

PC3700

DDR DIMM

DDR466

233

466

3,733

PC4000

DDR DIMM

DDR500

250

500

4,000

PC4200

DDR DIMM

DDR533

266

533

4,266

PC2-3200

DDR2 DIMM

DDR2-400

200

400

3,200

PC2-4200

DDR2 DIMM

DDR2-533

266

533

4,266

PC2-5300

DDR2 DIMM

DDR2-667

333

667

5,333

PC2-6000

DDR2 DIMM

DDR2-750

375

750

6,000

PC2-6400

DDR2 DIMM

DDR2-800

400

800

6,400

PC2-7200

DDR2 DIMM

DDR2-900

450

900

7,200

PC2-8000

DDR2 DIMM

DDR2-1000

500

1000

8,000

RIMM1200 RIMM-16

PC600

300

600

1,200

RIMM1400 RIMM-16

PC700

350

700

1,400

RIMM1600 RIMM-16

PC800

400

800

1,600

RIMM2100 RIMM-16

PC1066

533

1066

2,133

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

RIMM2400 RIMM-16

PC1200

600

1200

2,400

RIMM3200 RIMM-32

PC800

400

800

3,200

RIMM4200 RIMM-32

PC1066

533

1066

4,266

RIMM4800 RIMM-32

PC1200

600

1200

4,800

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

Self Check 1.1-3

I.

Matching Type. Match the names with the corresponding hardware

components.
1. Memory card

a.

4. CPU

b.

8. Motherboard

c.

11. Power Supply

d.

14. Video Card

e.

15. Hard Disk Drive

f.

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

18. LAN Card

g.

21. Sound Card

h.

II.

Identification. Identify the following back panel connectors.

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

Answer Key 1.1-3

I.

Matching Type

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

II.

D
C
B
A
H
E
F
G

Identification
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

PS/2 Mouse Port

PS/2 Keyboard Port
HDMI Port
VGA Port
DVI Port
USB Ports
LAN Port
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

JOB SHEET 1.1-3

Title: Install Computer Systems
Performance Objective: Given a system unit and proper tools, At the end of 2 hours, the
trainee, should be able to plan and prepare, use PPE, and assemble computer components of
motherboard, processor, power supply unit, RAM, VIdEO CARD, hard disk, dvd-rom, basic
input/output system, and configuration in accordance with company standard.
Supplies/Materials: Anti-static wrist strap, Rubber mat, Manufacturers manual, Phillip
Screw Driver , Flat Screw Driver, Mechanical Pliers
Equipment: Complete set of computer unit
Steps/Procedure:
1. Fill-out borrowers slip for borrowing tools.
2. Prepare all tools needed in installing computer systems (e.g. Anti-static
wrist strap, Rubber mat, Manufacturers manual, Phillip Screw Driver,
CD for OS etc.)
3. Keep away any liquid in the workplace and worktable.
4. Make sure that the work area is well-lighted and well-ventilated.
5. Remove all metal accessories from your body.
6. Turn OFF the computer.
7. Unplug power cords.
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

8.Prepare the rubber mat where you are going to put all the materials you have
removed from the system unit.
9.Wear anti- static wrist band.
10.Discharge static electricity (ground yourself) by touching the bare part at the
back of your computer.
11.Make sure that you will use the proper tool.
Assessment Method:
Trainer examination and inspection using the following criteria:
1. All safety precautions were followed in using the tools and equipment.
2. All steps were completed in the correct sequence.
Check performance against Performance Criteria Checklist

Performance Criteria Checklist 1.1-3

CRITERIA
Did you.
1.Fill-out borrowers slip for borrowing tools.

YES

2.Prepare all tools needed in installing and configure

computer systems (e.g. Anti-static wrist strap,
Rubber mat, Manufacturers manual, Phillip Screw
Driver, CD for OS etc.)
3.Keep away any liquid in the workplace and
worktable.
4.Make sure that the work area is well-lighted and
well-ventilated.
5.Remove all metal accessories from your body.
6.Turn OFF the computer.
7.Unplug power cords.
8.Prepare the rubber mat where you are going to
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

NO

put all the materials you have removed from the

system unit.
9.Wear anti- static wrist band.
10.Discharge static electricity (ground yourself) by
touching the bare part at the back of your computer.
11.Make sure that you will use the proper tool.

Refference:
Books:
1. Meyers, Mike, CompTIA A+ Certification, 800 East
St., Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A. 2006
2. Regan, Patrick, IT Essentials PC Hardware and
Software Labs and Study Guide, Cisco Networking
Academy, New York, U.S.A., 2008
3. Velasco, Benjamin S., Electronic Components
Testing Simplified, National Bookstore, Quad Alpha
Centrum Bldg., 125 Pioneer St., Mandaluyong City,
Philippines, 2011
Online Internet:
1. Google.com
2. Wikipedia.com
CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60

3.
4.
5.
6.

CBLM on
Computer System
Servicing,NC II
Installing and
Configure
Computer
Systems

Date Developed:
July 2010

Date Revised:
March 2012

Yahoo.com
Slideshare.com
Scribd.com
Tesda.org.ph

Document No.
Issued by:
NTTA

Developed by:
RogelioP. Alvarez

Revision # 01

Page 13 of
60