BN-DG-C01A Plant Layout - General Requirements

Table of Contents
1. Process
2. Hazardous and Toxic Areas
3. Economic Considerations
4. Aesthetic Considerations
5. Access
6. Safety
7. Site Considerations
8. External Influences
9. Clearances
10. Paving
11. Elevations
12. Insulation
13. Columns and Drums (Vertical/Horizontal)
14. Exchangers
15. Furnaces and Fired Equipment
16. Pumps
17. Compressors
18. Piping
19. Access to Valves and Instruments
20. Relief Valve Systems
21. Maintenance and Equipment Handling

1. Process
Equipment should be laid out in a sequence to suit the process flow. Fluid flow requirements, for
example gravity flow systems, pump suction heads and thermosyphon system, often dictate relative
elevations and provoke the need for structures. Limitations of pressure or temperature drop in
transfer lines decide proximity of furnaces, reactors, etc.
2. Hazardous and Toxic Areas
Equipment items considered a possible source of hazard should preferably be grouped and located
separately, if possible and economic.
Examples are: Furnaces flare stacks, or other direct fired equipment containing an open flame;
rotating or mechanical equipment handling flammable or volatile liquids which could easily leak or
spill.
Equipment handling acids or other toxic materials which could cause damage or danger by spillage
should be grouped and contained within a bundled area.
2.1 Locate Control Rooms
15 meters or more from equipment this in operation or during maintenance can create a hazard. (If
not practicable, pressurize). Ensure maximum cable run to any instrument is not more than 90
meters.
2.2 Locate Buildings
Example offices, first-aid rooms, cafeterias, garages, fire station, warehouses, gas holders and workshops a minimum of 30 meters from any hazard. Un pressurized substation and switch rooms a
minimum of 15 meters from any hazard.
Definition of dangerous areas and their safety requirements shall be in accordance with the Institute
of Petroleum Safety Codes, or where this is not recognized, to the applicable National Code(s).
Local bye-laws and Fire Office whose requirements may be more stringent or specific than the above
codes shall take precedence.
3. Economic Considerations
Apart from process restrictions, position equipment for maximum economy of pipe-work and
supporting steel. As compact a layout as possible with all equipment at grade is the first objective,
consistent with standard clearances, construction and safety requirements.
Minimize runs of alloy pipe work and large bore pipe without the introduction of expensive
expansion devices.
Optimize use of supporting structures in concrete or steel by duplicating their application to more
than one item of equipment and ensuring that access ways, platforms, etc., have more than one
function. Space saving can be achieved by locating equipment over the pipe rack. Pumps should in
general be located with their motors underneath the main pipe rack

4. Aesthetic Considerations
Attention should be paid to the general appearance of the plant. An attractively laid out plant with
equipment in straight lines is usually economical. Preference should be given to use of a single
central pipe way with a minimum number of side branches, with equipment laid out in rows on either
side. Buildings, structures and groups of equipment should form neat, symmetrical, balanced layout,
consistent with keeping pipe runs to a minimum.
Towers and large vertical vessels will be arranged in rows with a common center line if of similar
size, but line up with a common face if diameters vary greatly. If adjacent to a structure, common
face will be on the structure side.
Center lines of exchanger channel nozzles and center lines of pump discharge nozzles should be
lined up. Piping around pumps, exchangers and similar ground-level equipment should be run at set
elevations, one for north-south and another for east-west elevations wherever possible. (Similar for
rack pipe-work). These elevations being to bottom of pipe or underside of shoe for insulated lines.
This should also help to achieve a common elevation for off takes from pipe ways.
If possible, duplicated streams should be made identical. Handed arrangements should be avoided.
Follow this principle for this similar equipment sequences within the process stream, for example,
fractionators tower with overhead condensers, reflux drum pumps and recoiled, etc., is a system
which could be repeated almost identically for different towers having a different process duty.
Advantages are design and construction economy, improved maintenance and operating efficiency.
5. Access
Overall plant arrangement must be reviewed for constructions, operation, safety and maintenance.
Consider large items of equipment or towers for which special lifting gear will be required. Provide
adequate access to lift these into place. Large equipment positioned close to boundary limits may
require erection from outside.
Check to ascertain whether sufficient space will be available at the construction phase.
Operation and maintenance should be reviewed by the eventual operating company. Give
consideration to maintenance access to air fins, etc., above pipe tracks.
Consider location of equipment requiring frequent attendance by operating personnel and relative
position of control room to obtain shortest and most direct routes for operators when on routine
operation.
6. Safety
Provide: Sufficient clear area between critical or high temperature items of equipment. Clear routes
for operators with two or more escape ladders or exits at extremities. Clear routes for access by firefighting equipment.
Do not Allow: Areas classified as hazardous to overlap the plot limits or extend over railways where
open firebox engines are likely to be employed.

7. Site Considerations
Ascertain soil loading considerations and site contours before fixing final layout. Considerable
variations occur in allowable soil loads throughout site areas. It may be advantageous to locate heavy
equipment in the best soil loading area. Use existing contours, so that the quantity of earth movement
due to cut and fill may be substantially reduced by intelligent positioning of the equipment.
8. External Influences
Stacks should preferentially be located so that prevailing winds do not blow smoke over the plant.
Try not to locate the plant where it will receive dust, smoke, spray or effluent from a neighboring
plant.
Avoid using locations polluted by continuous drift of dust, smoke, etc.
If the plant is to be located in an existing refinery or factory site, line up with existing roads,
columns, stacks.
Location of external railways, pipe ways, cableways, sewers and drains, etc., may also influence the
final orientation of the plant.
When railway facilities are required, avoid boxing in the plant by branch lines.
Hazardous areas from other existing plants or equipment may extend over the plant limit. This could
effectively reduce plot size and thus influence the plant layout philosophy.
9. Clearances
(See Table A) Clearances between adjacent plants should at least equal those for primary access
roads. The space between edge of any road and nearest equipment must not be less than 1.5 meters.
Adequate road access with properly formed roads must be provided for known maintenance
purposes: e.g., compressor house, large machinery areas, reactors or converters where catalyst
removal and replacement must be effected.
Equipment requiring infrequent maintenance such as exchanger tube bundles, tower internals, etc.,
need adequate level clear space for access/removal purposes. The ground need not be specifically
built up to take loads other than a surfacing of granite chips or similar, as duckboards, gratings, or
other temporary material can be laid at the time when the plant is under maintenance
10. Paving
Within the process area minimal concrete paving should be supplied for walkways interconnecting
major items of equipment, platforms, stairways and buildings.
Paving should be supplied around pumps or other machinery located in the open, underneath
furnaces, and any other areas where spillage is likely to occur during normal operation.

Areas containing alkalis acids, or other chemicals or toxic materials should be paved and bunded to
prevent spillage spreading. Other areas of the plant are to be graded and surfaced with granite chips
or similar material
11. Elevations
(See Table A) All elevations refer to a nominal 100 meters. The point 100 elevation is taken as the
high point of paving in the paved areas. This should be common throughout the plant. Equipment
elevations referring to grade elevations of 100 meters are as shown in table A.
12. Insulation
Insulation may be applied to vessel supports or stanchions of structures for fire protection purposes,
thus decreasing available free space for access, sitting of pipe work, instruments or electrical
equipment.
In particular, note thickness of insulation of very high temperature or low temperature piping, which
may considerably increase effective o/d of pipe to be routed. For low temperature insulation,
additional clearance must be provided around control valves, instrumentation, etc. Consider
additional weight of insulation and reduced centers of supports necessary to support heavily
insulated pipe.
13. Columns and Drums (Vertical/Horizontal)
Columns are usually self-supporting without external structures. Circular or segmental platforms
with ladders are supported from the shell. Maximum allowable straight run of ladder before a break
platform should not exceed 9 meters.
Factors influencing column elevation are provision of gravity flow system and installation of thermsyphon reboilers. Depending on plant arrangement columns may have to be elevated to a height in
excess of the normal requirements to allow for headroom clearance from low level piping off-takes.
Skirt height of all columns or vessels providing suction to pumps, particularly if handling hot or
boiling liquids, should be adequate for pump NPSH requirements.
Provide platforms on columns for all valves 3 and above, instrument controllers and transmitters,
relief valves, manholes and blinds or spades. Otherwise, access to small valves, indicating
instruments, etc., is acceptable by ladder.
Platforms for access to level gauges and controllers should not be provided if underside of
supporting steelwork is less than normal headroom clearance from grade. Adjacent columns should
be checked, so that platforms do not overlap. For layout, 2.0 to 2.5 meters between shells, depending
upon insulation, should suffice. Allow 900 meters minimum clearance between column foundation
and adjacent plinth. Provide clearance for removal of internals and attachments, and for davits at top
of column if relevant.
Center line of manholes will be 900 mm above any platform.
Horizontal vessels should be located at grade, with longitudinal axis at right angles to the pipe way if
possible. Consider saving plot space by changing vessels from the horizontal and by combining
vessels together with an internal head. (Subject to project approval). Size and number of access

platforms on horizontal vessels shall be kept to a minimum and are not to be provided on horizontal
vessels or drum when the top of the vessel is 2.5 meters or less from grade.
Channel end of vessels provided with internal tubular heaters will face towards open space.
Withdrawal area must to be indicated on studies, GAs and Plot Plants. Internal agitators or mixers
are to be provided with adequate clearance for removal. Removal area must be indicated on Studies,
GAs and Plot Plants.
14. Exchangers
Tubular exchangers usually have standard length tubes of 2.5, 4, 5, and 6 meters.
Whenever possible locate exchangers at grade to facilitate maintenance and tube withdrawal. Two or
more shells forming one unit will be stacked, or otherwise arranged as indicated on the exchanger
specification sheet.
Exchangers on dissimilar service may be stacked but never more than three high, except for fin tube
type units. Horizontal clearance of at least 900 mm will be left between exchangers or exchangers
and piping. Where space is limited, clearance may be reduced between alternate exchangers,
providing sufficient space is left for maintenance and inspection access.
Tube bundle removal distance will be minimum tube length plus 900 mm. Minimum removal
distance plus 600 mm will be left behind the rear shell cover of floating head exchangers. Where rear
shell cover is provided with a davit, allow clearance for full swing of the head. Set overhead vapor
exchangers or condensers at such elevation that exchanger is self draining.
Arrange outlets to a liquid hold pot or trap, so that underside of exchanger tubes is above the liquid
level in the trap. Arrange exchangers so that fixed end is at the channel end. Vertical exchangers
should be set to allow lifting or lowering of tube bundle. Consult Vessel Section as to feasibility of
supporting vertical exchangers from associated towers.
Space for tube or bundle withdrawal should be left free, exchanger channels preferably pointing
towards access area or road. If exchanger is situated well within the plot, leave a free area and
approach for mobile lifting equipment. Preferably air fin exchangers should be located in a separate
row outside the main equipment row, remote from the central pipe way. Consider location of air fin
exchangers over the central pipe way if plot space if very limited.
15. Furnaces and Fired Equipment
Locate at least 15 meters away from other equipment which could be a source of spillage or leakage
of gas.
No pits or trenches permitted to extend under furnaces or any fired equipment and if possible to be
avoided in furnace areas.
Ensure ample room at firing front for operation and removal of the burners and for burner control
panel if required.
Bottom floor fired furnaces require adequate headroom underneath the furnace. Wall fired furnaces
require an adequate platform width with escape routes at each end of the furnace.

Apart from adequate plat forming and access to the firing front, other structural attachments and plat
forming around furnaces should be kept to a minimum. Peep-holes should only be provided where
absolutely necessary. Access by means of step ladder is sufficient.
Arrange heaters on common center line wherever possible. Provide unobstructed space for
withdrawal. Operation and maintenance platforms should be wide enough to permit a 1.0 meter clear
walkway. Escape ladders should be provided on large heaters. Vertical heaters are usually supplied
with stub supporting feet, ensure drawings show adequate supports elevated to required height.
Headroom elevation from floor level to underside of heater should be 2.3 meters, to provide good
firing control operation.
16. Pumps
Locate pumps close to the equipment from which they take suction possibly under structures or with
motor ends under a pipe rack allowing an access aisle for mobile handling equipment. Suction lines
are generally larger than discharge lines, to avoid problems arising from low NPSH.
End suction, top discharge is preferable for pumps taking suction directly from tanks or vessels
located at grade. Pumps should be arranged in rows with center line of discharges on a common line.
Clearances between pumps or pumps and piping shall be a minimum of 900 mm.
17. Compressors
Locate reciprocating compressors, anchors and restrains for pipes in the compressor system on
foundations independent of any building, structure or pipe trestle.
Spacing varies with type and duty, pay particular attention to: Withdrawal of engine and compressor
pistons, cam shaft, crank shaft and lube oil cooler bundle; cylinder valve maintenance clearance with
least possible obstruction from piping supports.
Compressors are generally provided with a degree of shelter, i.e., a sheets building. Keep the sides up
to 8 feet above grade, open and vent the ridge to allow for escape of flammable gas which might leak
from the machines. Certain types of compressors, owing to the height of the mass foundation above
grade level, require a mezzanine floor of the grid construction to avoid trapping any gas, for
operation and maintenance.
18. Piping
All piping within a process area should usually be run above grade. Trenched piping to be avoided.
Pipe racks and supports to be of the simplest form.
Pipe racks may contain two layers of pipe work. Avoid triple layer of pipe ways except for very short
runs. Run piping external to the process area at grade on sleepers (300 mm high). (Piping at grade is
cheaper but liable to interfere with access).
Locate large bore piping as close to stanchions as possible. Lines requiring a constant fall (relief
headers) can be run on cantilevers from pipe rack stanchions or on vertical extensions to pipe track
stanchions.

Run hot line requiring expansion loops on the outside edge of pipe way to permit loops to have
greatest width over the pipe way and facilitate nesting. Take-off elevations from pipe ways should be
at a constant elevation consistent with the range of pipe sizes involved.
Change elevation whenever banks of pipes, either to grade or on pipe racks change direction.
Elevations to the underside of pipe racks will be minimum for operation and mobile maintenance
equipment and consistent with clearances.
Open pipe trenches may be used between plants where there is no risk of flammable vapors
collecting. It is sometimes convenient to run open trenches alongside roadways. (Soil from the trench
can be used to build up the road). Where a pipe way or road changes direction, the pipe is run
beneath the road. Occasionally it is permissible to run pipes in trenches to overcome a difficult
piping problem. Such trenches should be concreted, drained and covered. Although trenched piping
is to be avoided due to the expense and hazards associated with open trenches, underground buried
piping is acceptable provided pipe is adequately protected and below the frost line.
Sizing and arrangement of underground piping should be fixed early to ensure that installation is
simultaneous with foundation work. (Many drains, sewers and cableways, which do not require
attention, are run underground below the frost-line). Leave space for draw boxes on cableways,
anchors on underground cooling water pipes and manholes on sewers. Fire mains should be located
between the perimeter road and the plant.
19. Access to Valves and Instruments
(See Table A)
All operating valves 3 and larger are to be accessible either from grade or suitable platform with
maximum 2.0 meters above working level to center of hand-wheel. Small operating valves can be
reached from a ladder. Valves installed for maintenance and shutdown purposes (other than
operating) can be reached by portable ladder. Otherwise extension spindles or suitable remote
operating gear should be provided, but not on valves 1 1/2 and below. The minimum access to be
provided is as shown on Table A.
20. Relief Valve Systems
Closed relief valve systems should be arranged to be self-draining and should not contain pockets
where liquids may condense and collect to provide any back pressure.
21. Maintenance and Equipment Handling
Handling facilities are limited to the handling of working parts of equipment which require frequent
or routine service and which are inaccessible to mobile handling facilities assumed to be available at
the plant. These facilities are not designed to handle heavy parts such as bedplates of rotating
machines, rotating equipment, compressors bodies, machinery frames, etc. The handling facilities
provided are limited as shown on table A The design and installation of trolley beams, overhead travelling cranes and hoist trestles is based on
lifting the parts to be handled and transporting or lowering them to specified maintenance areas or to
grade. From these points they are expected to be removed by skids or hand trucks to other areas more
suitable for maintenance.

Tables A
ACCESS CLEARANCES
DESCRIPTION

MINIMUM
Clear Headroom

Clear Width

Other Clearance

Primary Access Roads

6M
(carrying major equipment)
Secondary
5.1M
Minor Access Roads
5.1M

6M

10.5M inside corner radius

4.8M
3.6M

4.5M inside corner radius

-

Yard Piping

3M

Platform, walkways,
passageways, working
areas, stairways
Clearance from face of
manhole
Railways

2.1M

1M working platforms
-

2.1M

1M

To suit local codes

Manhole centre Approx.

1M above platform
-

ELEVATION
Open-Air Paved Area High Point of Paving

100.000M

Underside of base plates for structural steel

100.150M

Stair and ladders pads

100.075M

Underside of base plates vessel and column plinths

Top of pump plinths

100.300M
100.230M

VALVE ACCESS

ITEM

MINIMUM ACCESS FROM

SIZE

EXCHANGER HEADS
OPERATIONAL VALVES

FIXED
LADDERS
X

ALL
2 and
under
OPERATIONAL VALVES
over 2
MOTOR OPERATED VALVES all
CONTROL VALVES
all
R.V.s (Process)
2 and overBLOCK VALVES
BATTERY LIMIT VALVES
ETC.
PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS
TEMP. INSTRUMENTS
SAMPLE POINTS
TRY COCKS
GAUGE GLASSES
LEVEL CONTROLLERS
PROCESS BLINDS AND
SPADES
MANWAYS
HANDHOLES
NOZZLES
VESSEL VENTS
LINE DRAINS AND VENTS

MAINTENANCE FACILITIES

ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL

EDGE OF
PLATFORM
-

LOCATE
OVER
PLATFORM
OR GRADE
X
-

X
X
-

X
X

Accessible by portable ladder.

Edge of platform access where Clients Spec. requests.
Otherwise no access.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
No access Provided.
X
No access Provided.

X
-

EQUIPMENT

PART HANDLED

Reactors, Vessels and Columns. Manhole Covers

Floating Head Exchangers.

HANDLING FACILITIES
Davits or hinges for swinging
open.

Internal requiring regular

removal or servicing.

Trolley beams or davits for

lowering from holes to grade.

Fixed bed reactors, catalyst

change, etc.

These will be provided as

specially specified to enable
catalyst to be offloaded and
loaded.
All such exchangers are provided
with jackbolts to break joints. It is
assumed bundles will be handled
by mobile equipment.

Tube Bundles.

Exchanger Heads, Channel

Cover, Bonnets.

No special provision.

Vertical Exchangers.

Removable Tube Bundles.

Overhead trolley beam or davit.

Pump.

Any part.

None.

Centrifugal Compressors.

Rotating parts.

Overhead trolley beams or

cranes.

Piping.

Relief Valves, 2 nominal bore

and larger.

Hitching point or davit for

lowering to grade.

Blanks, blank flanges and swing Overhead hitching point or davit

elbow weighing more than
only when subject to frequent
300lbs (125 kg).
removal for maintenance

Listing of Instrumentation Which May Assist Initial Layout

Likely Devices and Probable Number Fitted to Various Types of Equipment. Devices and
Design Points Affected.

LIST 1)

EQUIPMENT
DISTILLATION TOWER

REFLUX DRUM SURGE DRUM

BUFFER STORAGE FEED TANK
PRODUCT TANK

REACTOR

LIST 1)

DEVICES AND PROBABLE NUMBER OF ITEMS FITTED

PSV (1) (Pressure Safety Valve)
PIC (1) (Pressure Indicating Controller)
FRC (3) (Flow Recording Controller)
TR (1) (Multipoint- 6 channel) (Temperature Recorder) TI (6)
(Temperature Indicator)
PI (6) (Pressure Indicator)
Analyzer (1) (Single Stream)
LG (2) (Level Gauge)
LI (1) (Level Indicator)
LIC (1) (Level Indicating Controller)
LG (3) (Level Gauge)
LIT (1) (Level Indicating Transmitter)
PI (1) (Pressure Indicator)
TI (1) (Temperature Indicator)
PSV (1) (Pressure Safety Valve)
PIC (1) (Pressure Indicating Controller)
PI (6) (Pressure Indicator)
TI (6) (Temperature Indicator)
PSV (1) (Pressure Safety Valve)
TR (1) (Multipoint- 50 Channels) (Temperature Recorder)
FIC (2) (Flow Indicating Controller)
LIC (1) (Level Indicating Controller)
Analyzer (1)
PIC (1) (Pressure Indicating Controller)
TIC (1) (Temperature Indicating Controller)

EQUIPMENT
COMPRESSOR (Axial flow)

COMPRESSOR DRIVER (Steam

turbine)

EXCHANGER

FURNACES

DEVICES AND PROBABLE NUMBER OF ITEMS FITTED

PI (4) (Pressure Indicator)
DPC (1) (Differential Pressure Controller)
PIC (1) (Pressure Indicating Controller)
FR (1) (Flow Recorder)
TI (1) (Multipoint- 12 channel)(Temperature Indicator)
Vibration (2)
NRV (Damped to prevent reverse flow)
Programmer and Logic System (1)
Shutdown System (1)
PI (4) (Pressure Indicator)
FRC (1) (Flow Recording Controller)
TI (4) (Temperature Indicator)
Shutdown Valve (1)
TRC (1) (Temperature Recording Controller)
TI (6) (Temperature Indicator)
PI (2) (Pressure Indicator)
LG (1) (Level Gauge)
PSV (Pressure Safety Valve)
FRC (4) (Flow Recording Controller)
TRC (Temperature Recording Controller)
PIC (Pressure Indicating Controller)
Flame Detector (2)
Local Panel
PI (12) (Pressure Indicator)

LIST 1)
EQUIPMENT
FURNACES (contd)

DEVICES AND PROBABLE NUMBER OF ITEMS FITTED

TI (6) (Temperature Indicator)
Multi-channel Temperature (1)
O2 Analyzer (1) (Only where BFW or steam is circulating)
pH Analyzer (1)
Conductivity
LG (3) (Level Gauge)
LIC (1) (Level Indicating Controller)
PSV (3) (Pressure Safety Valve)
PCV (3) (Pressure Control Valve)

In-line instrument elements:- Flow Elements (Orifice, Plates, Venturi, Turbine, P/D, etc.). Control
Valves (Globe, Butterfly, Ball, etc.). Relief Valves. Thermowells. LIST 2)

DEVICE TYPE
(FLOW)
Fe 1
Pipe Section with sensing
element
Fe 2
Pitot Tube
Fe 3
Orifice/Nozzle/Venturi
Fe 4
Fe 5
Fe 6
Fe 7
Fe 8
Fe 9
Fe 10

Fe 11
Fe 12
Fe 13
Fe 14
Fe 15
Fe 16
Fe 17

DESIGN POINTS AFFECTED

Flange rating/size/overall length/orientation

Location/straight length connection size & type

Location/straight lengths/orientation Flange size and rating.
Position, size type of instr. tapings
Elbow
Size/end connections/orientation straight lengths
Target Meter Transmitter Orientation/straight lengths/Flange rating/ connections/ insertion
face to face
Vortex Meter
Orientation/straight lengths/Flange rating/ face to face/insertion
Hot Wire
Consult Instrument Department
Variable Area Meter
Vertical only/Flow upwards only. Orientation of connections,
sizes and type.
Magnetic Flow meter
Overall length/size/connections/vertical or horizontal/no straight
lengths.
Turbine Meter
Straight length/with or without pipe section/ usually horizontal
end connection and size. (Common to use upstream filter and
sometimes degassing).
Positive Displacement
Orientation one way only/weight/no straight lengths. Connecting
as per vendor literature.
Sonic Flow meter
Consult Instrument Department
Weight Rate
Consult Instrument Department
Radio Active
Consult Instrument Department
Photo Electric
Consult Instrument Department
Channels and Flumes
Mostly Civil Engineering.
Vane Type
Spool piece = face to face end connections.

LIST 2)
DEVICE
TEMP
TE 1
TE 2

TYPE

TE 3
TE 4
TE 5
FLAME
FAILURE
Be
ANALYSER
An

Filled System
Thermistor
Radiation

Thermocouple
Resistance Bulb

DESIGN POINTS AFFECTED

Location/Increase in pipe dia/elbows, connection size and

type.

Location of window/heat protection.

Photo Electrical/Color Location of instrument and window.

Diverse Methods

Usually with by-pass line to drain on back to process -

includ- ing SG and

density
LEVEL
MEASUREMENT
An
Capacitance
Probe
Conductivity
PROXIMITY
Fero magnetic)
SWITCH
Magnetic)
Inductive)
PRESSURE
Differential
Pressure

only occasionally in line - some- times co-axial spool

piece. Face to face/Flanges.

Similar to temperature Te 1.
Sometimes co-axial in spool piece.
Non intrusive
Location and mounting
a) Non-intrusive
b) Intrusive, type Te 1.

Bourdon Tubes
Small tapping/location/connections/ size and type
Capsules Strain Gauge

LIST 2)
DEVICE
TYPE
GAUGE
GLASS
LEVEL
LG
ALL TYPES
INTER
FACE
LEVEL
(GAUGE- GLASS)
LG
ALL TYPES
SPEED
MEASUREMENT Magnetic
Strobe Tachometer
VALVES
PV, FV, TV, etc
PVC

SAFETY
VALVES
PSV

Operation-electrical
-hydraulic -pneumatic
-self operated

DESIGN POINTS AFFECTED

Vertical only - nozzle spacing/connections

Vertical only - nozzle spacing critical/connections

Consult Instrument Department.
Consult Instrument Department. Consult Instrument
Department.
Nominal body size is determined by flow criteria. Face
to face/connection sizes - flange rating often 300lbs
minimum as a standard. Axis of movement of top works
must be vertical-all other orientation prohibited. Face to
face dimensions do not always conform to BS.

Spring opposed pressure Free or closed venting. Multiple valve relief. Gauge
valves with single operation of changeover - single
isolation valves prohibited - minimum nozzle size laid
down in the codes. Some inlet/outlet flange

combinations are excluded in standard manufacture

depending on application
GENERAL NOTE: Intrusive elements and/or spool type installation may call for flow line size due
to change due to forces on wetted parts, erosion, and noise, deposition of solids in cavities or
viscosity.