CENTRALEUROPEProject1CE084P4ReSOURCE

www.resource-ce.eu

Output4.1.2:Masterplanfordegraded
miningareasintheZasavjeregion

SUMMARY

Partner:PP9

Company:

REGIONALNICENTERZARAZVOJd.o.o.

Adresse:

Podvine36,SI1410ZagorjeobSavi

Telefon:

+386(0)35660508

email:

info@rcrzasavje.si

internet:

www.rcrzasavje.si

placeanddate:

ZagorjeobSavi,December2010

Tableofcontents

1Introduction

1.1ShortoverviewoftheReSourceproject

1.2Aimandobjectivesofthestudy

1.3Approachtothestudy

2Analysisofthearea

2.1Shortoverviewofthespatialdevelopment

2.2Stateoftheart

2.3Evaluationofthepresentsituation

3Legalbackgroundandprogrammesrelatedtotheminingarea

4Guidelinesforlanduseandfutureactivitiesintheminingarea
4.1Definitionofpublicinterest

4.2Visionandstrategicobjectivesofthefutureuseofminingarea

4.3Detailedlandusedefinedfortheseparatedareas

5Prospectsforimplementationofthemasterplan

6Transnationalaspects

7Conclusions

8References

Annexes
Table2:Landuseasdraftedinthemunicipalspatialplans
Table3:Tableofpossibleactivitiesonthedegradedminingareas

3
3
3
3

4
4
5
7

9
9
11
11

15

16

16

17

1Introduction

1.1ShortoverviewoftheReSourceproject
ProjectReSourceisaprojectofCentralEuropeanProgramme,locatedunderPriority4.Itaimsat
utilizationofpostminingpotentialsforsustainableredevelopmentinCentralEuropeanminingcities
andregions.Sevenpostminingregionshavejoinedtheproject,additionalsupportisguaranteedby
threescientificinstitutions.Partnersengageinseveralactivities,fromanalysis,preinvestment
studies,exchangeofknowledge,preparationofmasterplans,evaluationofgoodpractices,strategy
buildingetc.,allwiththeintentiontoexploreanddefinetheoptimaluseofculturalandnatural
potentialsleftbehindafterthemineisputintoclosure.

1.2Aimsandobjectivesofthestudy
TheRegionalDevelopmentCentreofZasavjeparticipatesinvariousactivities.OneistheOutput4.1.2
MasterplanformininglandwhichhavebeendeliveredalsobytheregionsWelzowandSokolovEast.
TheMasterplanincludesacarefulinvestigationofreutilizationoptionstoimproveallocationof
means,e.g.forrecultivation.

Sofar,Zasavjehasbeenmissingsuchanumbrellaapproachtolanduseplanningintheminingareas.
InSloveniathelocalplanninglevelisinchargeofpreparationofmunicipallanduseplanswhilethe
regionallevelengagesinregionaldevelopmentprogrammepreparation.Thefirstdocumentfocuses
moreonthezoningwhilethesecondismoreprojectoriented.However,rehabilitationofpost
miningareasdemandsduetoitscomplexitybothapproaches,soamasterplanfocusingonlyon
miningareaswasthussuggestedasoneoftheReSourceactivities.Masterplanaspreparedshould
beusefulfordecisionmakersinthefieldofplanningasastartingpointforthepreparationofthe
nextregionaldevelopmentprogrammeand/orasinformativematerialforpotentialinvestors.

1.3Approachtothestudy
Theobjectivesofthemasterplanpreparationwereseveral.Firstly,adetailedanalysisofthearea
wasperformedincludingtheoverviewofexistingliteraturewhichconcludedwiththeidentification
ofdegradedareasinZasavjeregionandevaluationofthepresentstateofart.Secondlydevelopment
initiatives,publicinterestandexitingplanswerecollectedandevaluated.Thirdly,wedevelopeda
proposalforthefutureuseofpostminingareasbysettingguidelineswhichareatthesametime
leavingsomeofthedevelopmentoptionsopen.Asthepreparationofthemasterplaninvolved
transnationalcooperation,ashortoverviewofexistingandsuccessfulprojectssuchasIBA(Bergbau
FolgeLandschaft2010)ispresented.Furtheron,possibilitiesofplanimplementationwere
investigatedandarepresented.

Theprovisionofmapsinthismasterplanislimitedtoonlyfewones,duetoseveralreasons.Firstly,
theRegionalDevelopmentCentrehasdecidedforaratherstrategicapproachfocusingmoreon
developingastrategytoattractcertainactivitiesandtobringtheminthearea,ratherthanactually
decidingonlandusedistribution.Thelatterisdifficulttoassignmainlyduetotheuncertainland
management,sincecurrentlythefutureownersandtheownershipstructureofthelandafterthe
mineclosureisstillunknown.Furtherobstacletoprovisionofacomprehensiveplanadequately
accompaniedbymapsisdifferentstagesofminingandconsequentlyofpostminingarea
3

revitalizationinthethreefeaturedmunicipalities.InZagorjetheminehasalreadybeenclosedfor
aboutadecadeandrevitalizationactivitiesaremuchmoreadvancedthaninTrbovljeandHrastnik
wherethemineisstillinfunction.Lastly,theareasunderconsiderationareinspatialtermsnot
neighbouringonewithanother,thusseparatemapshavebeenprepared.

2Analysisofthearea

2.1Shortoverviewofthespatialdevelopmentofthearea
In18thcentury,beforeminingera,theZasavjeregionwasonlyscarcelypopulated.Lessthan10,000
inhabitantsmadealivingoutofagricultureindispersedvillages,dislocatedfromtherestof
Sloveniandevelopment.Afterthefirstcoalwasdugoutspatialdevelopmentrapidlyadvanced.
Increasingloadsofcoalneededintheindustryandtransportfurtheredexcavationandaneedfor
moreworkingforcenotavailableinthearea.Withincreasedimmigrationdemandforservicesand
newhousinggrew.AftertheconstructionofViennaTriesterailwaythetransportconnections
significantlyimprovedandthetownsofHrastnik,TrbovljeandZagorjegrewfasterthandevelopment
couldhavebeenmanaged.Urbangrowthencouragedtheconstructionofhousingforminersinthe
formofsocalledcoloniesminersneighbourhoods.TwelvewerelocatedinTrbovlje,fiveinZagorje
andthreeinHrastnik.

Figure1:Zasavjeregionwithdesignatedminingareasincludedinthemasterplan

Source:EnvironmentalAtlas2010

BesideofbeingoneoftheeconomicallymostprosperousSlovenianregions,thearea
environmentallysufferedfromtheintensiveindustrythatdevelopedsimultaneouslywiththemine.
Notonlytheenvironmentbutalsolivingconditionworsenedsubstantially.AftertheSecondWorld
Wartheownershipoftheminechangedafewtimesandthecompanyreachedthepeak
employmentinthesixtieswith8,000employees.Stillthenowadaystheethnicalpopulationstructure
reflectstheimmigrationoflabourfromformerYugoslavianrepublicsindecadesago.After1990
4

companyMineTrbovljeHrastnikwasestablishedbythestate.Theindependencealsoresultedinthe
closureofformerlystatesupportedindustriesandcompanies,sobesidetheenvironmentaldamages
ofthearea(airquality,soildegradation,etc.)regionwasalsoconfrontedwiththesignificantjobloss
thussocioeconomicproblems(IvancicLebar2001,2004).

Thequestionoftheeconomicviabilityofminesinfluencedthegradualclosureofmine.Theclosing
workinZagorjeminestartedin1995,andinTrbovljeHrastnikonelateron.Thus,thestateofartof
rehabilitationprocessesisdifferentinZagorjethanitisintwoothermunicipalitieswhenthemineis
abouttoclosein2012.Thedifferenceisalsointheextenttowhichthelandisdegradedsincein
Zagorjemainlyundergroundexcavationhappened.OntheotherhandinTrboljetherewasalarge
opencastandanundergroundminesothelandisdegradedtoalargerdegree.InHrastnikthe
miningactivitiesaremostlylocatedundergroundthereforethedegradedareaincludedinthisplanis
minor.

2.2Stateoftheart
Masterplandoesnotincludethewholeregionbutfocusesonlyontheareawhichwasdirectly
influencedbymining(andownedbytheminecompany).Altogethertheareacovers28km2which
represents11%andofthetotalregionssurface.Duetoenrapturedclosureofthemine,
renaturation,recultivationandrehabilitationactivitiesaremoreadvancedinZagorjethanintherest
oftheregion,thereforetheanalysisandthemasterplanhavebeendoneseparatelyforthesetwo
areas,bearingtheregionalaspectinmind.

MineZagorjeobSavi
MineinZagorjeobSavi,thelargestofmunicipalities(147km2),coveredtheminingareaof1400ha
mostlycoveredbyforestorusedforagriculture.Insomeparts,theareaalsoincludesresidential
districts(Rozina2005;Broder,2005).MiningareainZagorjeobSaviislocatedmostlyinthetown
centre,onepartofitheadsintotheoutskirtsandhasnowbeenturnedintoarecreationpark.The
shaftsentriescanbefoundinZagorjeandinKisovecwhereasmallmuseumwassetup.

Therehabilitationstartedin1993,andmoreofficiallyin1995withtheActProvidingFundsforthe
ClosureofCoalminesinZagorje,SenovoandKaniarica.Atfirsttechnicalclosingworksweredonein
theshafts.Shaftsworkswerefollowedbythedelayedspatialecologicalrecultivationduetothelack
offinancialresources,outsourcinganddifficultiesinthespatialplanningprocess,suchasthelength
ofbuildingpermitprocedureandvalidityofcurrentspatialplans.Resultsoftherehabilitationefforts
areseveral:intheeastpartofthemunicipality,intheareaofPodstranaandOrlek,watercontrolwas
setupinordertopreventthepotentialwateroutburstandflooding.Inthetailingdisposalarea
Ruardi,alsoalocationoftheformerlandslide,watercontrolandthecherryplantingwasperformed
(1,800cherriesaltogether)tocontrolthewaterflowandpotentialsurfacemovements.Activitiesin
thisareaaresteeredtowardsconstructionofinfrastructurenetwork,newproductionunits,
technologicalparkswithemphasisonentrepreneurshipandmultifunctionaldevelopmentincluding
cultural,tourist,shoppingandotheractivities.IntheEasternpartofthisareainwhichseveresurface
loweringhadoccured,canalisationoftheKotredescicastreamwasdoneandtheparkestablished.
Areaalsohostsasmallairparkmainlyusedforrecreationalpurposes.

InKisovecwatercontrolwasinstalledandsurfaceareawaspartiallyaforestated.Besidesremodelling
themineverticalshaftintothemuseumexhibitiontheyalsotransformed6.6haofthespaceintothe
businesszonewhichhostsapaperproductionfacility.

Theminingareaalsoconsistsofresidentialandbusinessbuildings.Someofthemhavealreadybeen
renovated(likethemineentry),alsowiththehelpofEUfunds,majorityofthemstillwaitforthe
renovationprojects.MajorityofthebuildingsarelocatedinToplicearea.Inordertoguaranteea
newdevelopmentland,alreadybuiltupbythesmallscaleshoppingcentre,thelargestbuilding
complexhostingmineactivities(screeningbuilding,residentialbuildings)wasdemolished.Only
formerbuildingwithchangingroomsandrestaurantwasrenewedandispartiallyoccupiedbythe
smallworkshopandpartiallybythebusinessincubator.Theminemanagementbuildingwasalso
restored.Theareaalsohostsasmallerbusinesszoneofonehectare(Rozina2005,MSPofZagorjeob
Savi2010).

MineTrbovljeHrastnik
MineTrbovljeHrastnikislocatedintwomunicipalitieswhichcovertherestofZasavjeregion,about
ahalfofthearea.Todaytheexcavationareacovers1433.5haofwhich70%aresignificantly
degradedduetotheremovalofvegetation,loweredsurface,landslides,quarries,waterirruptions,
tailingremovalanddisposaletc.ThisisespeciallyevidentintheareaofRetje,LakoncaandBukova
gora.TheminingareaextendsovertheEasternandSouthernpartofTrbovljemunicipality,andthe
WestandtheCentralpartofHrastnikmunicipality(923ha).Inbothmunicipalitiestheareaalso
includesresidentialandserviceareas.Duetotherealpropertyissuesandnationallandpolicy
regardingminingandagriculturallandnowonly443haoflandisstillinthepossessionofMine
TrbovljeHrastnikofwhich196.3hainHrastnikmunicipalityisrecognizedasthemostfertileland.The
landuseiscategorizedasshownbythefigure2.Figureshowsthelandusecategorizedrecordingto
theexistingandpotentialfutureuse.Nolandisclassifiedasminingsincethepresentmineisan
undergroundminesothesurfacecanbeusedforotherpurposes.Formerly,approximatelyhalfof
thelandwasanopencastwhichhasnowbeenrenaturatedasrequestedbythemininglawand
closureprogramme.

Figure2:Currentlydesignatedlanduseintheareaownedbytheminingcompany(2010)
4%

3%

17%

31%

45%

agriculture

forest

buildings

others

infertilearea

Source:Cerne,Leskovar2009

Rehabilitationoftheareawasimplementednotonlybythe2000ActRegulatingGradualClosureof
theTrebovljeHrastnikMineandDevelopmentRestructuringoftheRegionbutalsothroughthe
annualplanofminingcompanywhichisinlinewiththemininglawobligedtoreturntheminingarea
intoascloserpreminingstateaspossible.Accordingtotheprogrammeworksincluderecultivation,
demolition,reconstructionofthebuildings,roadsandtherestofinfrastructure.Theprogrammefor
mineclosureconsistsoftwoparts:thetechnicalpartonclosingworks,preparationof
documentationandtools,andalanduseorientedpart.Thelatestincludesecologicalrenaturation
andspatialrehabilitationofdegradedarea,listofbuildingsplannedfordemolitionandtoolsforthe
implementation.Presentlyrenaturationisperformedonthesurfaceareawhichincludesprimary
recultivationadditionofthehumuslayerplantedoverwithgrassclovermix.Topreventsevere
surfacedamage,willownetisaddedasapreventionoflandslidesandcracksarefilledwiththe
mixtureofashandwatershortlyaftertheexcavationisfinished.Theareacoversthemajorityofthe
EasternpartofTrbovljemunicipalityandisduetothelandcharacteristics(landshifts,cracks,soil
quality,landinstability)mostlyunsuitablefordevelopment.Theareaalsoincludesdamagedhousing.
Partoftheareahasbeenturnedintobusinesszones,altogether,48.6hectaresinTrbovljeand
Hrastnikwhichhostalsonewbuildings(Strategijagospodarjenja2010).

2.3Evaluationofthepresentsituation
Asdescribedin2.2miningareainZasavjefacesseveralproblemswhichhamperfaster
redevelopment.Theycanbedividedintoenvironmentalproblemsononesideandsocioeconomic
problemsontheother.Theenvironmentaldamagecanbefoundintheformsofgeomorphologic
transformations(landslides,cracks,quarries,tailingdisposal,surfacemovementsandbarrenland),
disappearanceoftheprimarilyvegetationanddamagedvegetation,watermelioration,existingash
disposalwhereminimalradiationwasobservedandchangeofmicroclimateoccurred.Activities
relatedtothemineconsequentlyprovokedpollutedair,soilandhealthproblemswhichnegatively
influencethedevelopmentpotentials.

Socioeconomicproblemsarerelatedtothehousing(poorqualityoflifeinformerminers
neighbourhoods,legalpropertyissues,poorstateofbuildings,novisionforrenewaletc.),land
issues,poorrealestatemanagement,oldinfrastructure(roads,sewageproblems,gaspipeline,
purifyingplant),demographicalstructure(braindrain,highunemployment,lackofbusiness
initiative).

Allofabovehindersthepossibilitiesforfasterdevelopmentalthoughtheremainingpotentialscanbe
successfullyused.Fornownocomprehensiveapproachwasappliedtotheplanning,thereisno
monitoringofpastactivitiesandtheirimpacts,forthealreadyperformedprojectsthereislackof
fundsformaintenances.Thefasterdevelopmentisalsohinderedduetothesmallscaleareawhich
doesnotallowforlargerinvestments,thereforesomeinvestorsproposalhavebeenalreadyturned
down.

Table1:Developmentpotentialsoftheminingarea

MiningareaZagorjeobSavi
MiningareaTrbovljeandHrastnik
2
land14km2
naturalpotentials land14km
geothermalwater
geothermalwater
shaftsintheunderground
cherryplantation
biomassplantation(pilotphase)
potentialsforrecreationaland
potentialsforrecreationalarea
greenarea(alreadyused)
housing
culturalpotentials housing
formerminebuildings
formerminebuildings
businesszone(partiallyfull)
businesszone(alreadyfull)
technicalheritagewarehouse,tools
technicalheritagewarehouse

3Legalbackgroundandprogrammesrelatedtotheminingarea

Masterplanisbaseduponseverallegaldocumentsandprogrammeswhichpredefinethe
possibilitiesforthelanddevelopmentandpreestablishtheinstitutionalframeworkinwhichthe
developmentissupposedtohappen.Eachlegaldocumentandprogrammeisshortlysummarized
withtheemphasisonthecontentrelevantforthemasterplan:
a) ActProvidingFundsfortheClosureofCoalMinesinZagorje,SenovoandKaniarica(1995):
51.5millionsofEURweregrantedtothemine.Fundsweredividedasfollows:33%forthe
preparationoftheprojectdocumentationandshaftsclosingactivities,33%forthesocial
programme,21%presentedproductioncostsuntiltheclosureand13%werespentfor
ecologicalreparation(Rozina2005).Thefundswereavailablemainlyintheperiod1995
2000,sonowthisactdoesnothavealotofinfluenceontherenovationoutcomeanymore.
b) ActRegulatingGradualClosureoftheTrbovljeHrastnikMineandDevelopment(2000)
RestructuringoftheRegion(2000):Fundsareavailablefortheperiod20002015,altogether
approximately20mioEURwhichhavebeenusedforpreparationoftheprogrammefor
closingactivities,paymentofcompensationofadirectdamagecausedbythethermopower
plant,creationofphysicalconditionsfornewactivitiescofundingofbusinesszones,
developingtheinfrastructureforbusiness,suchasbusinessincubatorandforstimulatingthe
developmentofhumanresources(Fain2005).
c) PromotionoftheBalancedRegionalDevelopmentAct(1999):Foundationforthe
preparationoftheregionaldevelopmentprogramme(20002006and20072013)which
includesalsotheanalysis,SWOT,strategyandprojectproposalsforthelandand
environments.Additionallytotheregionaldevelopmentprogrammeotherregional
strategieswereprepared,suchasZasavje2000+document,Memorandumontheenergy
functionoftheregion,signedin2009etc.Thesestrategiesintegrateminingpotentialsbut
lackanumbrellastrategy.Forexample,theregionaldevelopmentprogrammesconsistsof9
majorprogrammes:aidforsmall,middlesizeandlargecompanies,activesocialmeasurefor
theformerRTHemployees,supportfortourismdevelopment,supportforagriculture
development,improvedlifequality,preventionanddiminishingofunemployment,however
thespatialdimensionofsuchmeasuresismoreorlessmissing.

d) SpatialPlanningAct(2007):Thisactgovernstheplanningsystemwhichnowexistsonlyof
thenationalandmunicipallevel.Alreadythreeyearshavepassedbutmunicipalitiesstill
struggletodeliverthenewspatialplans.AtthemomentnoneofZasavjemunicipalitieshave
adoptedtheplansofarbutwehavebeenabletointegratetheiranalysisandthefutureland
useplansintothemasterplan.ForanoverviewofdraftscontextseeAnnex,Table2.
e) Miningact(2004):Actregulatesresearch,excavationandmanagementofmineralsandores,
andalsodesignatestheconditionsandmeasuresfortheenvironmentprotection,labour
safetyandregenerationoftheareaafterthemineclosure.Theregenerationworksare
partiallyfinancedbytheMiningFundoftheRepublicofSloveniaandcanbeimplemented
onlyonthebasisofacertifiedprogramme.Thecompanyinchargeoftheexcavationis
obligedtorenaturatethearea,iftheconsequencesaresoextensivethatfullrestorationof
theareaisnotpossible,protectionmeasuresmustbeintroducedtopreventtheharmtothe
humanhealthandanimalpopulation.
f)

NationalFarmlandandForestFundAct(1993,1996):Thelawdefinestherights,the
obligationsandthefunctionoftheNationalLandBankwhichhastherighttodisposethe
landwhichistakenawayfromtheminingcompanyandguaranteedtothestate.Atthe
momentsuchadaptationofthelawisinplacewhichwouldguaranteethatshareoftheland
nowunderthejurisdictionofthelandbankcouldbetransferredtothemunicipalityorother
publicpartieswithoutpaymentandtherestofthefundscanbestillputonthemarket.The
proposaloftheamendedlawalsosuggeststhatunoccupiedbuildingareacanbetransferred
tothemunicipalitiesespeciallyifthereispublicinterest.

4Guidelinesforlanduseandfutureactivitiesintheminingarea

4.1Definitionofpublicinterest

Publicparticipationprocess
TheprocessofpreparationofMasterplanofdegradedareasinZasavjehasbeenbasedonextensive
communicationandcooperationwithallimportantstakeholdersintheregion,suchaspolitical
actors,regionalplaners,representativesofenterprises,experts(e.g.engineers,architects),private
initiatives,socialgroupsetc.Thishasenabledtoacquirecomprehensivesetofmaterialsanddata
whichformedafoundationforapreparationofaMasterplan.Inadditiontothesematerialsalllegal
actsandprogrammessuchasMiningAct(2004),whichdirectlyinfluencesthefuturelanduseof
degradedareasandsimilarweretakenintoconsideration(seechapter3).
TheproposedpossiblefuturelanduseofdegradedareasarealsobasedontheRegional
developmentprogrammeoftheZasavjeandmunicipalspatialplans,whichdefinepriority
developmentdirections,opportunities,aimsandactivitiesfortheirimplementations.

PublicparticipationwasfurtherenhancedthroughworkshopsorganisedwithintheReSourceproject
activities,namelybyworkshopswithregionalstakeholdersorganisedduringthepreparationof
proposalfortheReSourceprojectsinspring/summer2007andkickoffworkshopinMay2009.
Needsofthelocalpopulationforgreenarea,forhousingandhousingrenewal,forrecreationalareas
9

andbusinesszones,aswellasopportunitiesforjobsestablishmentwerealsoidentifiedduringthese
workshops.

Region
RegionaldevelopmentprioritiesaredefinedinRegionaldevelopmentplan20072013forZasavje
region.Theprogrammerepresentstheconsensusbetweenallimportantregionalactorsaboutthe
futuredevelopmentobjectivesandmeasures.Thefollowingdevelopmentprioritiesfortheareaof
municipalitiesHrastnik,TrbovljeandZagorjeobSaviwereadopted:
Establishmentofbusinesszonesdirectlyconnectedtotheeconomyoftheregionwiththeaimto
establishnewandmodernisetheexistingzones,organisedinsuchamannertobecomecompetitive
businessandindustrialzoneslocatedondegradedminingareas.
Regionallybasedrehabilitationofdegradedareas.Theaimistoobtainnewlocationsfor
manufacturingandserviceactivitiesandenvironmentallyimprovethepostmininganddegraded
areas.
Rehabilitationofdegradedareas:Theexploitationareacoversapproximately1,400hawithin
municipalitiesTrbovljeandHrastnik.

Municipalities
Municipalitieshavestatedtheirinterestinthemunicipalspatialplans.Regardingthedegradedurban
areastheyhavefollowingobjectives/interest:
a)MunicipalityZagorjeobSavi
Generalimprovementofqualityoflife(urbanrenewal,improvementofaccessibility,establishment
ofgreenandrecreationalareas,betterlocationaldistributionofservices,extensionofcentralservice
activities,newemploymentpossibilities)
Renewalofcommunalinfrastructurerehabilitationoferodedandotherunstableareasandwater
Rehabilitationofdegradedindustrialandminingareas,improvementofinfrastructureand
stimulationofdevelopmentwhichbasesonnaturalresources(MSPofZagorjeobSavi2010)

b)MunicipalityTrbovlje
Restructuringofexistingbusinesszonesandcreationofnewonesinthepostminingareas
Improvementoftheuseofrichpostminingindustrialheritagebyincludingitintotheoveralltourist
offerofthearea(mininginfrastructureincludingbuildingsandequipment,shafts,oldhousing
colonies,legendsetc.)
Relocationofexistingbusinessactivitiesfromthecongestedcentreofsettlementsontonew
locationswithinrehabilitatedpostminingareas(MSPofTrbovlje2010)

c)MunicipalityHrastnik
Ensurespatialpossibilitiesforimprovementofexistinginfrastructure
Complexrenewalofolderhousingestates,developmentofcentralserviceactivities,restructuring
andrenewalofindustrialproperties(infrastructure,builtstructures)
Environmentalimprovementdecreaseairpollution,rehabilitationofpostminingdegradedareas
(MSPofHrastnik2010)

10

4.2Visionandstrategicobjectivesofthefutureuseofminingarea

Onthebasisofpublicinterestandthenationalspatialdevelopmentguidelinesandobjectiveswe
developedavisionforthefutureuseofminingarea.Thedevelopmentshouldderivefromthe
sustainabilityconceptwiththeaimtorecultivateandregeneratetheminingareaandtofurtheron
developitaccordingtotheneedsoflocalcommunitiesandalsototheinterestsoftheprospective
visitorsfromoutsidetheregion.Thus,spatialdevelopmentoftheregion(includingminingareas)
shoulddeliverqualityofthelivingareawiththeattentiontotheeconomic(businesszones),social
(services,healthprovision)andenvironmentalaspects(greenarea,sustainableuseofresources).
Sustainabledevelopmentoftheareashouldencompassnatureandculturalheritageprotection,
sustainableuseofnaturalresources.Preferentiallythedevelopmentissteeredintoexisting
settlementsandbuiltland,rehabilitation,recultivationandreusebeforethenewdevelopment.

4.3Detailedlandusedefined

MiningareaZagorjeobSavi
InZagorjemajorrenaturationactivitieshavebeenalreadyperformedandthearealandusehasbeen
alreadydesignated.Becauseofthelocationoftheminingareainthetownscentreandwiththe
intendtofinalisetherevitalizationprocessesoftheareasomuchneededforthefurtherspatialand
economicdevelopmentMunicipalityofZagorjeobSaviwouldliketogaintheownershipofthe
formerminingareawhichinaccordancetothemunicipalplancansupportthefurtherurban,spatial,
infrastructureandeconomicdevelopmentofthearea.ThemajoractivitiesareplannedintheRuardi
areawhichhasbeenpartiallyrevitalisedintotherecreationalarea.Futurelanduseoftheareais
designatedasfollowing:
ThemostNorthernpartofthedetailedareanearKotredescicastream:safedrivingpolygonor
polygontolearndrivingwhichwouldbeconnectedtothewiderareawithanewbridge.Theareawill
beconnectedtothetownwithacyclingandawalkingpath.
TheNorthernedgeofthearea:joggingpathconnectedtothemainwalkingpaths.
Southterracewouldaccommodateafairareawhichcanalsobeusedfordifferenteventsthusit
wouldincludeallthenecessaryfacilitiessuchasaconcertstage,sportandchildrenplayground,
skatingpolygonetc.
Additionalparkingplacesaredefinedaroundthegreenareaandtheeventlocationandnearthe
supplementaryfootballfield.Parkingplaceswillbeadaptedtoaccommodatealsomobilehomes.
Altogetherparkingspaceswouldbeavailablefor60carsand9mobilehomes.
Ontheslopeabovetheeventfacilitiesnaturalspectatorsstandwillbedeveloped.Thewholearea
willbeinterconnectedwiththewalkingpaths.

11

Figure3:GuidelinesforlanddevelopmentinZagorjeminearea

12

MiningareaTrbovljeHrastnik
TheTrbovljeHrastnikminingareahasmorespaceavailableforthedevelopment.However,
rehabilitationeffortsareintimebehindtheonesinZagorjeobSaviduetocontinuouslyoperating
mine.ThefutureuseoftheareaderivesfromtheEnergystrategyofZasavje,availablefundsinthe
energyprovisionsector(especiallyfortheuseofrenewablesandtheresearchintherespectivefield)
andexistingprojectproposals.Sincenodefinitedecisionhasbeenmaderegardingtheland
managementintheareathemapsshowamixtureofcurrentanddesignatedlanduse.Majorityof
landisdesignatedasrequestedbytheproposedactivities.Forexample,theconstructionofasolar
energyplantcanonlyoccuronbuildingland.Acomprehensiveplanoffutureactivitieshasbeen
alreadydraftedandconsistsofthefollowingproposals:
Infrastructure:Atthemomenttheinfrastructure,themostimportantdevelopmentfactorislagging
behindthusthelandshouldbefirstpreparedtoaccommodatedevelopment.Mostlysecondary
utilitynetworkshouldbeconstructedwithaccompanyingfacilities.Additionallytransportand
electricitynetworkshouldbeupdatedandexpandedtoaccommodatetheactivitiesdescribedbelow.
NewpurifyingplantisplannedintheindustrialzoneofBukovagora.Thetransportnetworkalso
includesforestpathswhichwouldenabletheforestexploitationandfieldpathswhichwouldallow
furtherproductionofenergyplantsinthepilotarea.Additionallyaconnectingtunnelshouldbebuilt
betweentheBukovagoraindustrialzoneandreloadingrampattherailwaystation.
Researchandeducationcentreonrenewables:CentrewouldbelocatedintheZabjekareaand
wouldhaveaneducationalandaresearchfunction.Itwouldfacilitateactivitiestoresearchthe
alternativeusesofrenewablesources,performawarenessactivitiesandeducationresidentsand
othersoftheopportunitiesandstrengthsofthisfield.
TherenewaloftheResnicaneighbourhood:Theneighbourhoodconsistsofthehousing,heating
stationandtheculturalheritageMlakarsapartment.Besidetherenewalofthebusinessbuildingof
TrbovljeHrastnikmineforthenewuse,newconstructionisplannedhousing(2ha),productionunit
(5400m2),parkingplacesandasmallerthematicparkpresentingminingheritage(500m2).
Footballandathleticstadium:Atpresentthestadiumislocatedinthetowncentrebutisoutdated
anddoesnotsufficientlyaccommodatesportandculturalactivities.Anewstadiumisplannedinthe
areaof5.8hectareswhichwouldalsoprovideparkingplaces,accompanyingfacilitiesandpresenta
cultural,architecturalandasportsightofTrbovljemunicipality.
Safedrivingpolygon:tosupportthedrivinglearningandsafetyontheroadsasafedrivingpolygon
issuggestedon25.4hectaresofthearea.
RenewaloftheformerTrbovljeHrastnikminebuildingsforthepurposeofcultureandtourist
activities(touristinformationalcentreGvido,culturalcentreGvido):Gvidopresentedtheentranceto
theformermineintheareaof9.1ha.Atthemomentsomeproductionislocatedinthebuildingsbut
isforeseentoovercomethecapacityofthearea.Alternativeuseisplannedinthesectoroftourism
andcultureeventfacilitycanbeaccommodatedinthebuildingfulloftechnicalheritageandthe
touristinfopointforthewiderarea.Additionallyaccommodationfacilitiesareplannedandthe
developmentoftheparkinthenearbyarea.
BusinesszoneinHrastnik:largerareawillberestructuredwiththeneededinfrastructureto
accommodatethenewbusinessandproductionunits(water,sewagesystem,telecommunication

13

network,gaspipeline).Thiszoneisanalternativetoalreadyexisting,mostlyoccupiedbusiness
zones.
Developmentoftheallotmentgardens/communitygardensinTrbovljeandHrastnik:fornowthe
allotmentsarenotsystematicallymanagedalthoughthereisaneedforsuchactivity.Afterthe
rehabilitationofthesoilondegradedarea,itspartisplannedtohostallotmentgardensinthesizeof
13.8hectarestosupportthelocalfoodproduction.
Recreationalarea:partoftheKipeareainsizeof5.5ha.Proposalincludescycling,walkingpathsfor
alldifferentusersincludingplaygroundsforchildren.AtthemomentTrbovljemunicipalitydoesnot
disposewithsuchareas.
Projectssupportingtheuseofrenewables:ontheridgeofBukovagorathereareviablepotentials
fortheuseofwindpower,sowindpowerplantsareplanned(4.6ha).Solarpowerplantislocatedin
theformerquarryVodeandwouldcover12.2hectaresoftheformerminingarea.Additionally
regionalanddistributionalcentreforbiomassarelocatedintheareaofBukovagora(whatwillbe
theformerareaofthestockpileBukovagora).Theareaof9.74hectareswouldbeavailableforthe
warehouseofthewoodand11.2hectaresareneededfortheproductionfacility.Facilitiesfortheuse
ofgeothermalenergyfortheheatingpurposesareplannedinHrastnik.

Figure4:LanduseplanfortheminingareainTrbovljemunicipality

14

Figure5:LanduseplanfortheminingareainHrastnikmunicipality

5Prospectsforimplementationofthemasterplan

Additionallytotheplanpreparation,thepossibilitiesforitsimplementationwereexamined.The
presentlyundefinedlandpolicymakesthefutureownershipofthemininglandafterthemine
closureunclearanditisthusdifficulttopredictwhenandhowtheplancancomeintoforce.The
ownerscouldeitherbestate,city,developmentcompanyortheownershipcanbesharedasin
publicprivatepartnership.Furthermore,municipallanduseplansarestillinthepreparation.They
needtobeexaminedonthenationallevelfromtheaspectsofnaturalandculturalheritage
protectionandsomeotherrelevantpartiesalsoneedtogiveconsenttothethemunicipals
proposals.Therefore,theplancanfornowserveonlyasastrategyofhowtohandlethepotential
investmentproposalsandisnotanobligatoryzoningplanperse.

Nevertheless,theplanwillbeusedbytheminingcompany(MineTrbovljeHrastnikownedbythe
state)todefinetheguidelinesandconditionsunderwhichdevelopmentonthepostminingareawill
bepossible.Besidethismasterplanproposalmicrolocationcharacteristicsandotherdevelopment
factorswillbetakenintoaccountsuchasthebroaderimpactontheregionnumberofnewjobs,
possibilitiesforrequalification,compliancewiththenationaldevelopmentpoliciesandagreementof
thelocalpolitics.

Anotherprojectthatdealswithrealestateandhasbeenestablishedbytheminecompanyisproject
entitledBarbara.Thegoalofthisprojectistoestablishthemanagementofminecompany'sproperty
15

intermsofthelandandbuildings.Theinitialphaseincludesaninventoryofallrealestates,their
ownersandtermsofuse.Newinstitutionalunitwillbeestablishedwiththepurposetolookfor
potentialpartners,investors,negotiationbetweentheprivateandpublicinterest,preparationand
implementationsupportandcoordinationactivities.Thisinstitutionalarrangementwillworkon
alreadyestablisheddatabaseandinformationinfrastructureoftheminingcompanyandavailable
humanresources.Theywillbeinchargeofintegrationoftherelevantprojectproposalsand
developmentguidelinesintothepresentandfutureregionaldevelopmentprogramme.

Asforthismasterplan,thereisnolegislativegroundonwhichthismasterplancouldhavebeen
adoptedandbeconsideredasanobligatorydocument.InSloveniathereisnospatialplanningon
regionallevel,plansareeitheradoptedbymunicipalitiesoronthenationallevel.Thereisa
possibilityforintermunicipalplanpreparation,butthoseplansfocusesondetailedprojectplanning
andnotonstrategicconceptasthepresentplandoes.Asalreadysuggested,thisdocumentcan
serveasaguidelineforthemunicipalplansrevisionorasasupplementarydocumentforthenext
generationofregionaldevelopmentprogrammes.

6Transnationalaspects

Masterplanrepresentsaresultofaseveralstepprocessofwhichonealsoincludedashortoverview
ofthesimilarpracticesabroad.WeexaminedregenerationplanspreparedforexampleintheREADY
projectandalsooftheworkIBAhasdoneintheRuhrandChemnitzarea.Thoseexamplessteeredus
toencompassthefollowingideasinthemasterplan:firstly,adetailedanalysesisasoundstarting
pointformasterplan.Secondly,publicparticipationshouldbeguaranteed,sothatallinterestedand
potentialstakeholdersareinvitedtocooperateinplanspreparation.Thirdly,plancanonlybe
deliveredgraduallywhenenoughfundsaresecured;alsosomeareashouldbeleftoutundefined
regardingthelandusetoensuretheplansomeflexibility.

SuccessfulapproachesfromothercountriescanonlybetransferredtoSloveniapartiallyduetothe
differentadministrativeframework,planningsystem,politicalcultureanddevelopmentapproaches.
Fornow,implementationofregenerationinSloveniaisstilllaggingbehindduetoinsufficient
governmentalsupport,inadequatefunds,realestateissuesandlackofinstitutionalsupport.
Therefore,theknowledgetransferatthemomentischannelledmoreonewayfromtheabroadto
Sloveniawhichwasalsosuccessfullydoneinthepreparationofthismasterplan.Especially,
developerslearntalotfromotherReSourcepartners.However,thismasterplancanalsoserveasan
exampleoftheplan,preparedforthesmallscalepostminingareasandredevelopmentofmiddle
sizetownswhichareusuallyneglectedindevelopmentpolicies.

7Conclusions

Productionofthismasterplanpresentsafirstattempttodesignacomprehensivestrategyofspatial
developmentofpostminingareasontheregionallevelinZasavjeregion.Onthebasisofasound
analysis,capableandmotivatedstakeholderscooperationandacarefulinspectionofrelevant
documentsitshowsthepresentstateofart,imperilsmajorproblemsandaproposalforfuture
development.InZagorjeareainwhichdevelopmentismoreadvancednewrecreationalareasare
16

plannedortoberedevelopedtogetherwithrenewalofminingbuildingsintothetowncentre.In
TrbovljeHrastnikareatheredevelopmentisslowerduetostilloperatingmine,landownershipissues
andabsenceoffunds.Sincelargerareaisavailable,rehabilitationplansincludesprojectssuchas
educationalandresearchenergycentre,installationofwindandsolarpowerplants,creationof
greenareas,renewalofformerhousingetc.

Extenttowhichthemasterplanisexpectedtobeimplementeddependsonmanyfactors.First,byits
naturethisplanhasfornownoroleintheexistingplanningsystem.InSloveniatheonlyplanpossible
ontheregionallevelisintermunicipaldetailedplanwhichispreparedfortheprojectareaand
purposesandisnotofcomprehensivenature.Thereforeplancaneitherserveasafoundationforthe
nextgenerationregionaldevelopmentprogrammes,fortheadaptationofmunicipalspatialplans,
andasaninformativedocumentforthepotentialinvestors.Itisanticipatedthattheprojectswillbe
implementedgraduallydependingonthecashinflowandthenewownershipsstructureofformer
minearea.

8References

ActProvidingFundsfortheClosureofCoalMinesinZagorje,SenovoandKaniarica1995:Official
Gazette,n.1/1995.
ActRegulatingGradualClosureoftheTrbovljeHrastnikMineandDevelopmentRestructuringofthe
Region.2000:OfficialGazette,n.61/2000.
BergbauFolgeLandschaft.Postmininglandscape.KonferenzdokumentationConference
Documentation.2010:InternationaleBauausstellungFrstPcklerLand20002010,IBA.
Broder,M.2005:FinanciranjezapiranjaRudnikaTrbovljeHrastnikd.o.o.:Diplomskodelo.Univerzav
Mariboru,Ekonomskoposlovnafakulteta,Maribor,61p.
Cerne,T.,Leskovar,I.2009:ResourceandRTH:interviewwithlocalactors.Trbovlje,6.November
2009.
EnvironmentalAtlas:mapofZasavjeregion.2010.URL:
http://gis.arso.gov.si/atlasokolja/profile.aspx?id=Atlas_Okolja_AXL@Arso(quoted25thDecember
2010)
IvaniLebar,I.2001.Zbogom,rnedoline,Zasavskimuzej,Trbovlje,177p.
IvaniLebar,I.2004.Zasavskipremogovnikidanesinnikolive.Trbovlje,ZasavskimuzejTrbovlje,
534p.
LongtermspatialplanofTrbovljemunicipality1986.Trbovlje,MunicipalityofTrbovlje.
MemorandumZasavskaenergetikajutri.Zasavskaenergijarazvojna,cista,konkurencna.2009.
Trbovlje,GospodarskazbornicaSlovenijeObmonazbornicaTrbovlje,RTH,ObinaTrbovlje,Obina
Hrastnik,ObinaZagorjeobSavi,TermoelektrarnaTrbovlje,Regionaldevelopmentcentre.
MiningAct2004:OfficialGazette,n.98/2004
MunicipalSpatialPlanofZagorjeobSavi:draft.2010:ZagorjeobSavi,MunicipalityofZagorjeob
Savi.
MunicipalSpatialPlanofHrastnik:draft.2010:Hrastnik,MunicipalityofHrastnik.
MunicipalSpatialPlanofTrbovlje:draft.2010:Trbovlje,MunicipalityofTrbovlje.

17

RegionaldevelopmentprogrammeoftheZasavjeregionfortheperiod200720132007:Zagorjeob
Savi,Regionaldevelopmentcentre,211p.
Rozina,R.2005:Zadnjiiht.Regionalnicenterzarazvoj.ZagorjeobSavi,119p.
Strategijagospodarjenjaznepremininami2010:Trbovlje,RudnikTrbovljeHrastnik,7p.

18


Annexes

Table2:Landuseasdraftedinthemunicipalspatialplans

Hrastnik
Trbovlje
ZagorjeobSavi
Housing
Rehabilitationofhousingcolony,renewal
Prioritywithinalreadyestablished
ofoldhousingfund,improvementof
settlements(renewal,increaseddensity),
qualityoflifeinresidential
Improvement
newhousingontheedgeofexisting
neighbourhoods;rehabilitationofareas
settlements
ofdispersedsettlements
Greenareas
Renatuartionofdegradedareasanduse
Improvementofexistingones,
Developmentofrecreationalandother
forparksandrecreation;improved
developmentofnewonesinrenewedor
greenareas
equipmentinexistinggreenareas
renaturateddegradedpostminingareas
Production
Supporttobusinesswithtechnologically
Newbusinesszoneswithinexisting
industrialzoneswhicharein
Manufacturing,smallbusiness,
highlydevelopedproductsandhigh
technologicalparks,supporttoSME
restructuringandonrenewedpreviously
addedvalue.Manufacturingactivities
concentratedinexistingindustrialareas.
degradedpostminingareas
Servicesarea
Centralserviceactivitieslocatedwithin
constructionofnewserviceareasto
Onnewrehabilitatedpostminingareas
urbancentres;improveaccessibility
ensureadequatesupplyandaccessibility
Degradedarea
Complexrehabilitationandnewuses
Complexrehabilitationandnewuses
Complexrehabilitationandnewuses
Infrastructure
Secureregionallybalanceduseofthe
Improvementoftransportinfrastructure,
Reconstructionofcommunal
areaforcommunal,energyandtransport
improvedaccessibility,relocationof
infrastructure(watersupply),extension
infrastructure
transittrafficfromcentrestobypasses
toinadequatelyequippedareas

Source:MSPofHrastnik,Trbovlje,ZagorjeobSavi,drafts2010

19


Table3:Tableofpossibleactivitiesonthedegradedminingareas

Area
Sizeofthearea
NorthernfoothillofBukova
gora
RidgeofBukovagora
RailwaystationinTrbovlje
abjekirondisposal
abjek
QuarryVode
Gvido
Formerminers
neighbourhoodinTrbovlje
Neaarea
Kipe
AllotmentsinTrbovljeand
Hrastnik
Resnicaneighbourhoodand
area

Lea
Agriculturalland

Forest

10.75ha
9.74ha
11.2ha
4.6ha
3.5ha

Yearoffinished
recultivationprocess
2013
2011
2013
2012
2011

5.8ha
2.8ha
12.2ha
9.1ha
10dewllings

2015

2011
2014

Regionalcentreforbiomass
Warehouseforrenewableenergysources
Manufacturingunits
Windfarm
Multifunctionalrampfortheneedoffunctioningof
industrialenergyzoneandTrbovljethermopowerplant
Footballandathleticstadium
Researchandeducationalcentreforrenewables
Solarpowerplant
Culturaltouristcentre
Accommodationfacilities

25.4ha
5.5ha
13.8ha

2014
2011
2012

Safedrivingpolygon
Recreationalzone
Allotmentgardens

5400m2
2ha
500m2
7.5ha
500haintheexcavationarea,
ofwhich150hainthe
ownershipofRTH
450haintheexcavationarea,
200haintheownershipofRTH

2014
2014
2017
2017

ManagementbuildingofRTH
OfficebuildingofRTH
Businessproductionunits
Housing
Museumofminingheritage
Housing
Pilotplantationofenergyplants

2017

Renaturationandacareful,sustainablemaintenanceofthe
forestforthecurrentandfutureneeds

20

Futureactivity