!

define parameters for future use

exx=2.07e11 ! young's modulus (2.07e11 pa = 30e6 psi)
w_hex=.01 ! width of hex across flats (.01m=.39in)
*afun,deg ! units for angular parametric functions
w_flat=w_hex*tan(30) ! width of flat
l_shank=.075 ! length of shank (short end) (.075m=3.0in)
l_handle=.2 ! length of handle (long end) (.2m=7.9 in)
bendrad=.01 ! bend radius of allen wrench (.01m=.39 in)
l_elem=.0075 ! element length (.0075 m = .30 in)
no_d_hex=2 ! number of divisions on hex flat
tol=25e-6 ! tolerance for selecting nodes (25e-6 m = .001 in)
/prep7
et,1,solid185,,3 ! eight-node brick element using simplified enhanced
! strain formulation
et,2,plane182,3 ! four-node quadrilateral (for area mesh)using
! simplified enhanced strain formulation
mp,ex,1,exx ! young's modulus for material 1
mp,prxy,1,0.3 ! poisson's ratio for material 1
rpoly,6,w_flat ! hexagonal area
k,7 ! keypoint at (0,0,0)
k,8,,,-l_shank ! keypoint at shank-handle intersection
k,9,,l_handle,-l_shank ! keypoint at end of handle
l,4,1 ! line through middle of hex shape
l,7,8 ! line along middle of shank
l,8,9 ! line along handle
lfillt,8,9,bendrad ! line along bend radius between shank and
! handle
/view,,1,1,1 ! isometric view in window 1
/angle,,90,xm ! rotates model 90 degrees about x
/pnum,line,1 ! line numbers turned on
lplot
/pnum,line,0 ! line numbers off
l,1,4 ! hex section is cut into two quadrilaterals
asbl,1,7,,,keep ! to satisfy mapped meshing requirements for bricks
cm,botarea,area ! component name botarea for the two areas
! generate area mesh for later drag
lesize,1,,,no_d_hex ! number of divisions along line 1
lesize,2,,,no_d_hex
lesize,6,,,no_d_hex
type,2 ! plane182 elements to be meshed first
mshape,0,2d ! mapped quad mesh
mshkey,1
save ! save database before meshing
amesh,all
/title,meshed hex wrench end to be used in vdrag
eplot
! now drag the 2-d mesh to produce 3-d elements
type,1 ! type pointer set to solid185
esize,l_elem ! element size
vdrag,2,3,,,,,8,10,9 ! drag operation to create 3-d mesh
/type,,hidp ! precise hidden line display
/title,meshed hex wrench
eplot
cmsel,,botarea ! select botarea component and
aclear,all ! delete the 2-d elements
asel,all
finish
! apply loads and obtain the solution
/solu
antype,static ! static analysis (default)

/title,allen wrench -- load step 1

! first fix all nodes around bottom of shank
cmsel,,botarea ! bottom areas of shank
lsel,,ext ! exterior lines of those areas
nsll,,1 ! nodes on those lines
d,all,all ! displacement constraints
lsel,all
/pbc,u,,1 ! displacement symbols turned on
/title,boundary conditions on end of wrench
nplot
!now apply pressure on handle to represent 100-n (22.5-lb) finger
!force
asel,,loc,y,bendrad,l_handle ! areas on handle
asel,r,loc,x,w_flat/2,w_flat ! two areas on one side of handle...
nsla,,1 ! ...and all corresponding nodes
nsel,r,loc,y,l_handle+tol,l_handle-(3.0*l_elem)-tol ! reselects
! nodes at back end of handle (3
! element lengths)
*get,minyval,node,,mnloc,y ! get minimum y value of selected
! nodes
*get,maxyval,node,,mxloc,y ! get maximum y value of selected
! nodes
ptorq=100/(w_hex*(maxyval-minyval)) ! pressure equivalent to 100 n
sf,all,pres,ptorq ! ptorq pressure on all selected
! nodes
allsel ! restores full set of all entities
/psf,pres,,2 ! pressure symbols turned on
/title,boundary conditions on wrench for load step 1
nplot
lswrite ! writes first load step
/title, allen wrench -- load step 2
! downward pressure on top of handle, representing 20-n (4.5 -lb)
! force
pdown=20/(w_flat*(maxyval-minyval))
asel,,loc,z,-(l_shank+(w_hex/2)) ! area on top flat of handle...
nsla,,1 ! ...and all corresponding nodes
nsel,r,loc,y,l_handle+tol,l_handle-(3.0*l_elem)-tol ! reselects
! nodes at back end of handle (3
! element lengths)
sf,all,pres,pdown ! pdown pressure at all selected
! nodes
allsel
/title,boundary conditions on wrench for load step 2
nplot
lswrite ! writes second load step
save ! save database before solution
lssolve,1,2 ! initiates solution for load step files 1
! and 2
finish
!review the results
/show,jpeg
/post1
set,1 ! reads load step 1 results
prrsol ! reaction solution listing
/pbc,defa ! no bc symbols
/psf,defa ! no surface load symbols
/edge,,1 ! edges only, no interior element outlines
/title,deformed allen wrench caused by torque
pldisp,2 ! deformed shape overlaid with undeformed
! edge plot

/gsave,pldisp,gsav ! saves graphics specifications on

! pldisp.gsav
/plopts,info,on ! turns on entire legend column
/plopts,leg1,off ! turns off legend header
/angle,,120,ym,1 ! additional rotation about model y (to see
! high stress areas)
/title,stress intensity contours caused by torque
plnsol,s,int ! stress intensity contours
*get,smax,plnsol,0,max
*stat,smax
/gsave,plnsol,gsav ! saves graphics specifications to
! plnsol.gsav
set,2 ! reads load step 2 results
prrsol ! reaction solution listing
/gresume,pldisp,gsav ! resumes graphics specifications from
! pldisp.gsav
/title,deformed allen wrench caused by torque and force
pldisp,2
/gresume,plnsol,gsav ! resumes graphics specifications from
! plnsol.gsav
/title,stress intensity contours caused by torque and force
plnsol,s,int
*get,smax,plnsol,0,max
*stat,smax
wpof,,,-0.067 ! offset the working plane for cross-section
! view
/type,1,5 ! capped hidden display
/cplane,1 ! cutting plane defined to use the wp
/view, 1 ,wp ! view will be normal to the wp
/dist,1,.01 ! zoom in on the cross section
/title,cross section of the allen wrench under torque and force loading
plnsol,s,int
*get,smax,plnsol,0,max
*stat,smax
finish