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AnalzeourimulaonReultwithProjecon
Operator
ClemenRuhl(hp://www.comol.com/log/author/clemenruhl/)|Feruar12,
2014

(hp://www.faceook.com/harer/harer.php?
=100&p%5url%5D=hp%3A%2F%2Fwww.comol.com%2Flog%2Fanalzeimulaon
reultprojeconoperator%2F) (hp://twier.com/intent/tweet?
url=hp%3A%2F%2Fwww.comol.com%2Flog%2Fanalzeimulaonreultprojecon
operator%2F) (hp://plu.google.com/hare?
url=hp%3A%2F%2Fwww.comol.com%2Flog%2Fanalzeimulaonreultprojecon
operator%2F) (hp://www.linkedin.com/hareArcle?
mini=true&url=hp%3A%2F%2Fwww.comol.com%2Flog%2Fanalzeimulaonreult
projeconoperator%2F&ro=fale)
Haveoueveruedourhandtomakehadowpuppetonthewall?hiningalight
ehindour(threedimenional)hand,oucreatetwodimenionalprojecononthewall.
WhenanalzingourimulaondatainCOMOLMulphic,oucandoomethingimilar
withourmodeluingprojeconoperator.

2DAximmetricPipeFlowModelxample
uppoeouhavejutcomputedtheoluonofour2Daximmetricpipeowmodelwitha
chemicalpecie,c,tranportedtheow.Youarelookingatthepaalditriuonofthe
concentraoninthepipeandounocethattheconcentraondecreaeinthedireconof
theow.Whileoucanclearleethitrendqualitavelintheurfaceplotelow,ouma
wanttoputitinmorequantaveterm.

Concentraonandowdirecon.
Onewaofachievingthiitoplottheaverageconcentraonforevercroeconalong
theaxiofthepipe.InCOMOLMulphic,ouueprojeconoperatortodojutthat.

ProjeconOperator,ReducingtheourceDimenion
One
Letreviitourhadowgraphanalog
(hp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hadowgraph_%28performing_art%29)andthinkaouthow
thatwork,conceptuall.Whenouplaceourhandetweenalightourceandawall,our
handotructthelightpath,andoucaneeahadowonthewall,i.e.a2Dimageofour
3Dhand.
YoucanthinkofprojeconoperatorintheCOMOLowareaatooltomakehadow
puppetofourmodel.Themodel(orapartofit)taketheroleofthehand.Thiicalled
theourceintheoperatoreng.Thewallinthianalogianotherpartofthemodel:the
denaon.Thiiwherethehadowiformed.

Jutlikehadowpuppet,thereultofaprojeconinCOMOLMulphicreducethe

Jutlikehadowpuppet,thereultofaprojeconinCOMOLMulphicreducethe
dimenionoftheourceone.Theimageiformedintegranganexpreioninthe
direconoflight.Thidireconipeciedamapetweentheourceandthe
denaon.Hereouhavetwochoice:theLinearProjeconforlinearmapandtheGeneral
Projeconformorecomplexituaon.Letuetheetoplottheaveragecroeconal
concentraonalongtheaxiofthepipeweintroducedaove.

LinearProjecon
Letaumeouareinteretedintheaveragepecieconcentraon,

,inacro

econatheightzalongtheaxioftheowchannel.inceouhavea2Daximmetric
geometr,thecroeconarerepreentedhorizontallineandtheaveragecane
computedwiththefollowingintegral:

Here,

ithecroeconareaand

ithelengthoftheintegral,

whichinthiexampleiequaltotheradiuofthepipe.
IntheCOMOLoware,thelineintegralhownherecaneolvedwithaLinearProjecon
operator.Fromthedicuionaove,ouknowthatouneedaource,Denaon,anda
mapetweenthetwotoetuptheoperator.WhenouaddaLinearProjecontothe
Denionofourcomponent,ourtelectthegeometrenethatelongtothe
ource.
Inourpipeexample,thiitheenremodeldomain1.TheLinearProjeconuelinearmap
thataredenedlineetweenvercethatouelect.Youarenowreadtoetupthe
map,tarngwiththeDenaon.Here,thihouldetheaxioftheowchannel,thuou
electDenaonverce1and2accordingl.Next,electthelineintheourcethat
correpondtotheDenaon.Inthicenario,thatitheameline,thereforeouaignthe
amepointtoourceverce1and2.TheourcehaonemorevertexthantheDenaon.
Thiiuedtopecifthedireconforthelineintegral.Inourexample,ouelectVertex3
here,whichmeanthatthelineintegralarecomputedparalleltothilineaindicatedthe
whitearrowinthegureelow.

Concentraonwitharrowrepreenngthelineintegralandthereulngaverageconcentraonof
thechemicalpecie,c.
Toummarize,thertaxi(etweenverce1and2)containthetarngpointoftheline
integral,whiletheecondaxi(etweenverce1and3)givethedireconofintegraon.
Youcannowuetheoperator(calledlinproj1default)tointegratetheconcentraonofc
anddivideitthelengthoftheintegraltogettheaverageconcentraon.Ifthelength
inotcontantorunknown,itcaneevaluatedtheoperatorawell.Hereithereulng
equaon:

Toplotthereult,uea1DLineGraphwithlinproj1(c*2*pi*r)/linproj1(2*pi*r)athe
expreionandtheleoundaratheelecon.

GeneralProjecon
YoumaaloetuptheaveragewiththeGeneralProjeconoperator.Athenameugget,
thioperatorcanhandlemorecomplexmapandcan,forexample,uepathintegralinan
(curved)direconofitdomain.Youcan,ofcoure,alouetheGeneralProjeconoperator
toetupaLinearProjecon.Thatoponirelevantwhenoudonothaveverceinour

toetupaLinearProjecon.Thatoponirelevantwhenoudonothaveverceinour
modelgeometrtoadequateletuptheLinearProjeconoperator.Inthiituaon,oucan
eithermodifthegeometrtoincludethenecearverce,oroucanuetheGeneral
Projeconoperator,whereoudenethemapetweenourceandDenaondirectlwith
mathemacalexpreion.
Togetaeerundertanding,lethaveanotherlookatthe2Daximmetricexamplemodel.
AeraddingtheGeneralProjecontothecomponentDenionecon,ouagainrt
electtheourcegeometr.Theoperatorengcontainaeldformathemacal
expreiondeningtheourceMapandtheDenaonMap.Inourexample,the
expreionarelinearfunconofthecoordinate.IfouagaintartwiththeDenaon,ou
entertheowaxi,i.e.thezaxi,inthigeometr.inceouuetheamelineintheource,
thexexpreionthereithezaxiawell.Theexpreiondenethedireconof
integraon,whichinthicaeitheraxi.YoucannowuetheGeneralProjeconoperator
(calledgenproj1default)tootaintheamereultawiththeLinearProjeconefore.

engoftheLinearandGeneralprojeconoperator.

ProjecngMorethanOneDimenion
Whatifouhavea3Dverionofourmodel,perhapduetoanammetricconcentraon

Whatifouhavea3Dverionofourmodel,perhapduetoanammetricconcentraon
ditriuon?Inthicae,oucancomputetheaverageforeachxcroeconcompung
thefollowingdouleintegraloverxand:

where

ithecroeconarea.

InCOMOLMulphic,oucanevaluatethidouleintegraluingtwoprojecon
couplingoperator.Thertoperatorprojectfrom3Dto2Dintegrangoverx(the
direconwouldworkequallwellhere).Theecondoperatorprojectthereultofthert
from2Dto1Dintegrangovertheremainingcoordinate.
Itieaiettoetuptheoperatorifthegeometrcontaintheplanarfaceinthezplane.If
thiinotthecae,ouhaveatleatthreeopon:oucanmodifthegeometrofthe
component,utouthenhavetorecomputetheoluon,whichinotaconvenientoponif
themodeltakealongmetocompute;oucanueaGeneralProjeconoperatorintead;or
oucanaddanothercomponentwitha2Dgeometrfortheplaneandprojectfromthe3D
componenttothe2Dcomponent,whichmaetheeaietopon.Thiworkecaue
ourceandDenaondonothavetoelongtotheamemodelcomponent.Ifougowith
thethirdopon,oucanrunanupdatetoouroluonandavoidhavingtorecompute
everthing.

Thedouleintegraoniperformedtwoprojeconoperator.Theredlinerepreenttheline
integratedover.

ConcludingRemark
Here,wehavedemontratedhowtoueprojeconoperatortoanalzeimulaondata.

Here,wehavedemontratedhowtoueprojeconoperatortoanalzeimulaondata.
Whenapplicale,thitechniquecaneuefultodilltheeenceofourreultandhelp
ougaindeeperinightintotheunderlingphic.Ifouareinteretedinlearningmore
aoutuingprojeconoperator,pleaecontactu(hp://www.comol.com/contact).

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NewerPot
AGeneralIntroducontoChemicalKinec,ArrheniuLaw
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Comment
vgeniergeev Ma22,20142:33am
Thank,thiwaverhelpful.IwouldaddthatthegureAoutourceandDenaon
MappinginthedocumentaonarcleModelCouplingieenaltoundertanding
GeneralProjeconoperator.
Iitpoiletoprojectthemaximumorminimuminteadofintegranginonedirecon?
ClemenRuhl Ma26,20145:59am
Dearvgeni,
Thattrue;inthedocumentaonareaddionalhelpfulinformaon.
Inthicaeoudonotneedtheprojeconoperator.Thicanedonewithamaximum
operatorincominaonwiththedetoperator.Thelaeriuedinlimingthemax
evaluaontotheliceinwhiche.g.x=det(x)+/dx.Heredxiadenedparameterfor

thewidthofthelicewhichhouldenottoomallincomparionwiththemehize.In
pracceouareproaleerolicinguptheactualgeometrandevaluangthe
maximumoneachlice.
et
Clemen

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