Gifted and Talented Certification

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ability
grouping

Class or group assignment based on

observed behavior or performance. Not the
same as tracking.

Abraham
Tannenbaum

Star model of giftedness which includes

chance (luck)

accelerated
learning

a strategy of progressing through education

at rates faster or ages younger than the norm

accountability

holding students, teachers, administators,

and other school personnel responsible for
instructional outcomes

affective
curriculum

curriculum that focuses on person/social

awareness and adjustment, and includes the
study of values, attitudes, and self

aptitude

an inclination to excel in the performance of

a certain skill

area of
giftedness

The specific ability in which a student

performs or shows potential to perform at a
remarkably high level of accomplishment.

array of
learning
experiences

a menu of challenging learning experiences

or opportunities that fit the unique interests
and abilities of advanced level students

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artistic

possessing outstanding ability in the visual

and performing arts

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asynchrony

a term used to describe disparate rates of

intellectual, emotional, and physical rates of
growth or development often displayed by
gifted children

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at-risk

describes students whose economic,

physical, emotional, or academic needs go
unmet or serve as barriers to talent
recognition or development, thus putting
them in danger of graduating

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authentic
assessment

Evaluating student learning through the use

of student portfolios, performance, or
observations in place or in conjunction with
more traditional mesures of performance
such as tests and written assignments. The
process allows students to be evaluated using
assessments that more closely resemble real
world tasks, such as a scientific experiement
to demonstate understanding of the laws of
motion.

Avanced
Placement
(AP)

A program developed by the College board

where high schools offer courses that meet
criteria established by institutions of higher
education. In many instances, college credit
may be earned with the successful
completion of an AP exam in specific content
areas.

Bertie
Kingore

developed Kingore Observation Inventory

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Bloom's
Taxonomy

Developed in 1956 by Benjamin Bloom, the

taxonomy is often used to develop
curriculum for the gifted children. There are
six levels within the taxonomy that moves
from basic to high levels of thinking. These
include knowledge, comprehension,
application, analysis, synthesis, and
evaluation.

brainstorming

An activity used to generate many creative

ideas that have no right or wrong answers
and are accepted without criticism.
Characterized by fluency and flexibility of
thought.

Carol Ann
Tomlinson

Professor of Educational Leadership,

Foundations, and Policy at UVA's Curry
School of Education; a Co-Director of the
university's Institutes on Academic
Diversity; has been a public school teacher
and a program administrator of special
services for struggling and advanced
learners; special interests have included
curriculum and instruction for struggling
learners and advanced learners, effective
instruction in heterogenous settings, and
encouraging creative and critical thinking in
the classroom; author of over 100 articles,
book chapters, book, and other professional
development materials; co-author of The
Parallel Curriculm Model: A Design to
Develop High Potential and challenge High
Ability Learners

cluster
grouping

grouping assignment for gifted students in

the regular heterogeneous classroom. 5 or 6
g/t students with similar needs, abilities, or
interests are "clustered" in the same
classroom, which allows the teacher to more
effectively differentiate assignments for a
group of advanced learners rather than just
one or two students

complexity

Extending content in, between, and across

disciplines through the study of themes,
problems, and issues; seeing relationships
between and among ideas in/within the
topic, discipline, and disciplines; examining
relationships in, between, and across
disciplines over time, and from multiple
points of view.

concurrent or
dual
enrollment

High school students taking college courses,

often for college credit. Could also refer to
middle grade students taking high school
courses and earning credit toward
graduation.

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continuum of
learning
experiences

Articulated learning experiences that

provide planned experiences that build upon
one another each year a student is in school.

cooperative
learning

An instructional method that allows

students to work in small groups within the
classroom, often with a division or
assignment of several specific tasks or roles.
This group strategy allows students to
practice working in a group or taking
leadership roles.

creativity

The process of developing new, uncommon,

or unique ideas. The definition of giftedness
identifies this as a specific component of
giftedness.

criterionreferenced
testing

an assessment that compares a student's

test performance to their mastery of a body
of knowledge or specific skill rather than
relating their scores to their performance of
other students i.e. STAAR

curriculum
compacting

After showing a level of proficiency in the

basic curriculum, a student can then be
allowed to exchange instructional time for
other learning experiences.

depth

Exploration of content within a discipline;

analyzing from the concrete to the abstract,
familiar to the unfamiliar, known to the
unknown; exploring the discipline by going
past facts adn concepts into generalizations,
principles, theories, laws; investigating the
layers of experiences within a discipline
through details, patterns, trends,
unanswered question, ethical
considerations

differentiation

enrichment

modifying curriculum and instruction

according to content, pacing, and/or
product to meet unique student needs in the
classroom
Activities that add or go beyond the existing
curriculum. May occur in the classroom or
in a separate setting.

E. Paul
Torrance

The founder of the Future Problem Solving

Program and creator of the tTCE which
measures divergent thinking (fluency,
flexibility, elaboration, and originality)

flexible
grouping

An instructional strategy where students are

grouped together to receive appropirately
challenging instruction. Permits students to
move in and out of various grouping
patterns, depending on the course content.
Can be determined by ability, size, and/or
interest.

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Francoys
Gagne

Developed model of giftedness that separates

gifts and talents which includes the
influences of intrapersonal characteristics,
environmental influences on learning and
practice which develop gifts into talents and
chance as the most important factor

furlough

a leave of absence from prgram services that

can be due to a variety of circumstances

Gallagher &
Gallagher

identified the four ways that curriculum can

be modified to address the needs of gifted
learners
1. acceleration
2. enrichment
3. sophistication
4. novelty

Gifted and
Talented
Student

The federal Elementary and Secondary

Education Act defines gifted and talented
students as "Students, children, or youth
who give evidence of high achievement
capability in areas such as intellectual,
creative, artistic, or leadership capacity, or
in specific academic fields, and who need
services and activities not ordinarilly
provided by the school in order to fully
develop those children." [Title IX, Part A,
Definition 2 (2002)]

heterogeneous
grouping

grouping students by mixed ability or

readiness levels. The teacher meets a broad
range of student needs or readiness levels.

homogeneous
grouping

Grouping students by need, ability, or

interests. Although variations between
students exist in a homogeneous classroom,
the intent of the grouping pattern is to
restrict the range of student readiness or
needs that a teacher must address.

Howard
Gardner

Developed a model of intelligience that has 8

confirmed types of intelligence and a 9th
that has been proposed

IEP
(Individual
Education
Plan)

A document that delineates special

education services for special needs
students. Includes any modifications that
are required in the regular classroom and
any additional special programs or services.
Federal law and the majority of states do not
require these for gifted learners.

independent
study

A self-directed learning strategy where the

teacher acts as a guide or facilitator and the
student plays a more active role in designing
and managing his or her own learning.

intellectual

Possessing superior intelligence, with

potential or demonstrated accomplishments
in several fields of study; ability to perform
complex mental tasks

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intelligence

The ability to learn, reason, and problem

solve. Debate revolves around the nature of
intelligence as to whether it is an innate
quality of something that is developed as a
result of interacting with the environment.
Many researchers believe that it is a
combination of the two.

International
Baccalaureate
(IB)

A demanding pre-university program that

students can complete to earn college credit.
IB emphasizes critical thinking and
understanding of other cultures or points of
view. A diploma is award at the completion
of the program which allows graduates
access to universities worldwide.

IQ
(intelligence
quotient)

Jerome
Bruner

a numerical representation of intelligence.

Derived from dividing mental age (result
from a test) by the chronological age by 100.
Traditionally, the average is considered to be
100.
Psychological theorist who proposed that
children best learn through discovery
learning and by instructors teaching the
structure of a discipline

Joseph
Renzulli

Three-Ring Conception of giftedness and the

Schoolwide Enrichment Model

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J.P. Guilford

Proposed a model of intelligence that

included 120 components, which can be
improved, one of the first to suggest
intelligence was made up of specific factors
other than a general intelligence factor

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Julian Stanley

Developed the talent search programs to

serve mathematically precocious youth;
advocated out of level testing as the best way
to assess giftedness

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Karen Rogers

Director of Research at GERRIC, author of

OMNIBUS, an enrichment program for
primary students; worked extensively with
the schools on the development of programs
of identification, curriculum differentiation
and evaluation in gifted educatio; leading
authority on the development of
differentiated curriculum for gifted and
talented students

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leadership

possessing the natural ability to influence

others; possessing skills in interpersonal
relationships demonstarated, for example, by
outstanding ability in such activities as
student government

learning styles

Preferred way(s) in which individuals

interact or prcess new information across
the three domains of learning identified in
the taxonomy of education objectives:
cognitive (knowledge), psychomotor (skills),
and affective (attitude). How he/she learns
best.

Leta
Hollingsworth

The Mother of Gifted; studied children with

IQ of 180 or higher and noted they have
different affective needs than other children

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Lev Vygotsky

Zone of Proximal Development within which

scaffolding by an instructor can best promote
learning

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Lewis Terman

Developed the Stanford-Binet IQ test with

Binet and started a longitudinal study of
children with an IQ of 150 or higher

magnet
schools

A public school program that focuses on a

specific learning area such as math, science,
technology, or the performing arts.
Established to meet the specifice learning
needs of the gifted.

mentor

A community member who shares his or her

expertise with a student of similar career or
field of study aspirations.

normreferenced
testing

an assessment that compares an individual's

results with a large group of individuals who
have taken the same assessment (who are
referred to as the "norming group") i.e. SAT
or Iowa Test of Basic Skills

Parallel
Curriculum
Model

a curriculum modification strategy to meet

the needs of gifted students in terms of depth,
complexity, and novelty. The model has four
simultaneous pathways of development: Core
or Basic Curriculum, Curriculum of
Connections, Curriculum or Practice, and
Curriculum Identity

portfolio
assessment

An alternative or supplement to traditional

measures of giftedness, portfolios offer a
collection of student work over time that can
help to determine achievement and progress.
Many of the elements found in this cannot be
captured by a standardized test.

pull-out
program

A program which takes a student out of the

regular classroom during the school day for
special programming.

qualitative
measures

measures used to assess student needs that

include observations, anecdotal records,
checklists, interviews, student products,
performances, etc.

quantitative
measures

standardized tests that are used to assess

students

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Robert
Sternburg

Proposed that intelligence is the efficient and

effective use of information to solve problems
and the Triarchic Model of giftedness which
includes practical giftedness

rubric

A chart composed of criteria for evaluation

and levels of fulfillment of those critiera.
Allows for standardized evaluation according
to specified criteria, making grading simpler
and more transparent.

socialemotional
needs

G/T students may have affective needs that

include heightened or unusual sensitivity to
self-awareness, emotions, and expectations
of themselves or others, and a sense of justice,
moral judgment, or altruism. Counselors
working in this area may address issues such
as perfectionism, depression,
underachievement, or career planning

specific
academic
fields

possessing superior ability or potential in a

specific course of study such as science,
mathematics, language arts, or social studies

Susan
Winebrenner

Works with school disctructs to help them

translate current educational research into
classroom practice; has been a classroom
teacher, a program coordinator, a teacher in
gifted education programs, and a staff
develoopment consultant; produced several
videos for teachers and parents of gifted
children

Sylvia Rimm

American psychologist specializing in

parenting, child development and learning;
directs the Family Achievement Cllinic at the
Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio and is a
clinical professor of psychiatry and pediatrics
at Case Western Reserve University School of
Medicine; speaks and publishes on fmaily
and school approaches to guiding children
toward achievement, raising gifted children,
success for girls and communication skills

talent
development

Programs, curricula, and services for gifted

and talented students that can best meet their
needs, promote their achievements in life, and
contribute to the enhancement of our society
when schools identify students' specific talent
strengths and focus education services on
these talents.

telescoping

Covering the same amount of materials or

activities in less time, thereby allowing more
time for enrichment activities and project that
better suit the interests, needs, and readiness
levels of gifted children.

tiered
assessment

A differentiated instructional strategy in

which all students work toward the same
goal, but the activities are geared toward each
student's level of understanding.

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twice exceptional

A term used to describe a student that is

both gifted and disabled. These
students may also be referred to as
having dual exceptionalities or being
GT/LD.

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underachievement

describes the discrepancy between

performance and their potential, or
ability to perform at a much higher level