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INTRODUCTION
1.1.
ISSUE BACKGROUND
Many studies have shown that a high proportion of patients attending
accident and emergency (A&E) departments have only trivial or nonurgent complaints. A&E staff treat these inappropriate attenders while
recognizing that this detracts from the care given to more serious cases.
Dwindling resources and higher attendances make it a matter of necessity
that inappropriate attenders be treated by general practioners or equivalent
primary care services. In this study, the authors examined the feasibility of
methods of reducing inappropriate attendance. The authors investigated
patients' ability to accurately assess the urgency of their condition and,
hence, their need for A&E services. The authors concluded that there is
probably no practical way of reducing inappropriate attendance that does
not involve risk to a proportion of patients. The possibility of extending
the role of the A&E department to provide more general primary care is
discussed.
Emergency room visits can be defined as a situation where someone
needed help immediately because if they are not getting help immediately
it can be life-threatening or cause disability permanent. Emergencies often
occur in the community, among others state of a person who had stopped
breathing, cardiac arrest, unconsciousness suicide, accidents, injuries, such
as broken bones, strokes, seizures, poisoning, and disaster victims. The
causative agent of emergency room visits, among others because traffic
accidents, illness, fire or natural disasters. Emergency cases due to traffic
accidents is the leading cause of death d major urban areas (Media
Aeculapius, 2007)
1.2.
PROBLEM FORMULATION
The formulation of the problem which we discuss in this paper are:
1.2.1. What definition about the accident and emergency?
1.2.2. What job duties nurse in emergency room?
1.2.3. What nurse do when the accident happened?
1.3.
1.3.1.
1.3.2.
1.3.3.
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1.
may or may not result in injury or property damage, that interferes with the
completion of an assigned task. (Awcd, TT).
An accident, also known as an unintentional injury, is an
undesirable, incidental and unplanned event that could have been prevented
had circumstances leading up to the accident been recognized, and acted upon,
prior to its occurrence. Most scientists who study unintentional injury avoid using
the term "accident" and focus on factors that increase risk of severe injury and that
reduce injury incidence and severity (Robertson, 2015).
An emergency is a situation that poses an immediate risk
to health, life, property, or environment.[1] Most emergencies require urgent
intervention to prevent a worsening of the situation, although in some situations,
mitigation may not be possible and agencies may only be able to offer palliative
care for the aftermath.
Emergency nursing began during the era of Florence Nightingale, but
the specialty practice of emergency nursing has evolved during the past 25 years.
By definition, emergency nursing is: care of individuals of all ages with perceived
or actual physical or emotional alterations of health that are undiagnosed or that
require further interventions. (Marett, 2000).
2.2.
that no danger can come to the first aider. It will make things more difficult to
have to treat more casualties.
1) Check the immediate surroundings.
2) Move and hazardous objects or any possible source of danger away from
the victim to allow the rescuer to deliver first aid, eliminating any risks for
supplemental injury.
3) As a last resort, move the victim if absolutely necessary, such as in burning
areas or in the wilderness. Emergency services are in the best position to
move a victim.
four to six minutes without oxygen. Timing is critical for pulseless emergencies.
1) Check the pulse by placing two fingers in the groove of the neck for 10
seconds. The radial pulse may also be checked.
2) If there is no pulse, give two rescue breaths and 30 chest compressions.
Repeat this cycle until paramedics arrive or until victim is resuscitated.
common body organ that blocks the airway is the tongue. It is, however, easy to
keep the airway open.
4. Abdomen
a. Pain or tenderness or bruising requires further investigation
b. The inaccessible abdomen with appropriate mechanism requires
investigation.
i. FAST or DPL in the unstable
ii. CT in stable patients
c. Vaginal examination in female patients with pelvic fractures or
vaginal bleeding. In pregnancy this examination should be deferred to
an obstetric specialist.
d. A nasogastric tube is contraindicated in the presence of facial
fractures (an orogastric tube should be inserted)
e. a urinary catheter should only be inserted if there is no blood at
the urethral meatus, no perineal bruising, and rectal examination is
normal.
5. Back
a. Log roll takes 5 people, 3 body, one head, one examining
b. Inspection and palpation
c. Perform the rectal examination at this time.
6. Extremities
a. Inspect and palpate each limb for tenderness, crepitation, or
abnormal movement.
b. If the patient is cooperative ask him or her to move the limbs in
response to command in preference to passive movement in the first
instance.
c. Adequately splint any injuries.
d. Reassess after splints, traction or manipulation
7. Neurological examination
a. Repeat the Glasgow Coma Scale - record scores for E, V and M as
well as the total score
b. Re-evaluate the pupils
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CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
3.1.
Conclusion
An accident, also known as an unintentional injury, is an undesirable,
Suggest
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Driscoll, P.A. 1987. The Use Of The Aciident And Emergency Department.
(Online). Available at
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1285412/pdf/archeme
d00014-0009.pdf. Downloaded at October 4th 2016.
Marett, B. E. 2000. Emergency Nursing More Than Meets The Eye. (Online).
Available at
http://www.nsna.org/portals/0/skins/nsna/pdf/career_emer_nurse.pdf.
Downloaded at October 4th 2016.
Ottawa. 2013. Steps to Doing a Primary Survey First Aid. (Online). Available at
http://firstaidcprottawa.ca/steps-to-doing-a-primary-survey-first-aid/.
Downloaded at October 4th 2016.
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